Ch-16 PLS CADD

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    TRAINING PROGRAMME ONDESIGN OF TRANSMISSION LINES, STRUCTURES AND FOUNDATIONS

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    PSTRUCTURES AND FOUNDATIONS

    CEB ENGINEERS

    By

    POWER TRANSMISSION LIMITED

    ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

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    2Ch -16 BRIEF ON TOWER SPOTTING IN PLS - CADD

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    CHAPTER - 16

    BRIEF ON TOWER SPOTTING IN SPOTTING IN

    PLS-CADD

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    TOWER SPOTTING IN PLS-CADD 3Ch -16

    Steps are required to perform tower spotting using PLS CADD

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    P Software installation Setting preferences Defining Feature codes Generating cable files Generating criteria files Generating structure files getting data from site and generating XYZ file getting data from site and generating XYZ file Defining line alignment Adding structures Adding section (stringing wire) Plotting files Generating stringing files

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    TOWER SPOTTING IN PLS-CADD 4Ch -16

    Software installation

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    TOWER SPOTTING IN PLS-CADD 5Ch -16

    Setting Preferences

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    TOWER SPOTTING IN PLS-CADD 6Ch -16

    Defining feature codes

    Before generating a terrain file, one should decide on broad categories of terrain or obstacle points which have unique

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    requirements.

    These requirements include minimum code clearances to be met above or to the side of the points as well as symbols to be used to display these points on the screen or on the final drawings.

    Code clearances depend on the voltage of particular Code clearances depend on the voltage of particular conductors. A separate feature code must be created for each category of terrain or obstacle points.

    These feature codes must be defined in the project feature code file before they can be used in a terrain file. Feature code files use the .fea extension.

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    TOWER SPOTTING IN PLS-CADD 7Ch -16

    Terrain / Feature Code Data / Edit command orloaded from existing feature code tables with

    Defining feature codesE

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    Terrain / Feature Code Data / Load FEA File.

    The feature code used todefine the ground clearanceline is specified in the Terrain/ Feature Code Data /Ground Clearance FeatureCode dialog.

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    TOWER SPOTTING IN PLS-CADD 8Ch -16

    Creating or editing cable files

    This is done in theCable Data dialog

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    gbox (see Figure 9-7 and 9.10) whichyou reach withSections / EditCable Data.

    For example, thedata for a Drakedata for a Drakeconductor ispermanentlystored in the filenamed Drake.

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    TOWER SPOTTING IN PLS-CADD 9Ch -16

    Cables in bundles

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    TOWER SPOTTING IN PLS-CADD 10Ch -16

    Design criteria

    Design criteria that can be used and checked with PLS-

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    CADD.

    The design criteria are selected in the Criteriamenus.

    A set of criteria can be saved in a single file which has the in a single file, which has the .cri extension.

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    TOWER SPOTTING IN PLS-CADD 11Ch -16

    Design criteria

    Criteria file can be developed in standard libraries to be shared among various projects.

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    or they can be developed only for a specific project.

    When you save a project, the criteria in use at the time of saving are saved in the file Project.cri.

    If standard criteria already exist in a file Standard.cri, all you need to do to use them in a new project is to load St d d i ith C it i / L d CRI Standard.cri with Criteria / Load CRI.

    This action will copy all the data in Standard.cri into the new project criteria file project.cri. If, after having developed some criteria, you want to save them to become part of a permanent library; you can do so with the Criteria / Save CRI command.

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    TOWER SPOTTING IN PLS-CADD 12Ch -16

    Weather cases

    Many strength and serviceability (clearances) criteria assumethat the line is subjected to a given combination of wind, ice (orsnow) and temperature

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    Psnow) and temperature.

    Such a combination is defined herein as a "weather case". InPLS-CADD, all cable sags and tensions calculations, andconsequently all loads and clearance calculations, are made fordesignated weather cases.

    All weather cases which willbe used in a particulardesign must be described inthe Weather Cases tablewhich you reach withCriteria / Weather.

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    TOWER SPOTTING IN PLS-CADD 13Ch -16

    Weather cases A weather cases table typically includes a group of weather

    cases for checking the strength of the structures, a group forchecking various geometric clearances (to ground, blow out ,

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    g g ( g , ,between phases, swings, etc.), and a group for checking groundwires and conductors tensions.

    It also includes the weather case assumed to cause creep, theheavy load case which potentially causes permanent stretch ofthe various cables, and various weather cases needed fordisplaying the cables at various temperatures.

    For example, the conditions for checking structures mayinclude:1) an NESC combination2) an extreme wind condition,3) an extreme ice condition with some reduced wind, and4) an extreme cold condition.

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    TOWER SPOTTING IN PLS-CADD 14Ch -16

    There are usually a number of conditions for checking vertical, lateraland galloping clearances.

    Weather cases

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    For checking the cables, the conditions may include:

    1) the NESC combination,

    2) no ice and no wind at an everyday temperature, etc.

    Therefore, for a given project, the Project.cri file may contain asubstantial number of weather cases.

    Note: The weather cases, which come from the Demo.cri file, are provided for illustration purposes only and should not be used in connection with actual projects.

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    TOWER SPOTTING IN PLS-CADD 15Ch -16

    STRUCTURES

    One of the very powerful and unique features of PLS-CADD is itsability to treat structures as "objects" which can be located,deleted or moved on the terrain at the click of the mouse

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    Pdeleted or moved on the terrain at the click of the mouse.

    The "structure object" contains not only the informationnecessary to locate in 3D, all the cable attachment points, butalso some pointers to the algorithms or programs which willcheck the structure strength at its particular location.

    PLS-CADD currently supports four methods of checkingstructure strength.

    The "structure object" is described in a structure file.

    The structure file therefore concentrates in a single location allthe geometric and mechanical design information that pertainsto a given structure type and height.

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    TOWER SPOTTING IN PLS-CADD 16Ch -16

    The structure file also contains data on its insulators and its various parts and sub-assemblies.

    STRUCTURES

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    TOWER SPOTTING IN PLS-CADD 17Ch -16

    Structure strength

    There are four different methods fordescribing the strength of a structure in

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    PLS-CADD. The particular method whichshould be used is specified in thestructure file.

    Therefore, when astructure is selectedfrom the library ofavailable structures,a a ab u u ,the method by whichthe structure will beanalyzed for strengthadequacy is alreadyprescribed.

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    TOWER SPOTTING IN PLS-CADD 18Ch -16

    XYZ Terrain Model

    PLS-CADD uses two terrain models. The XYZ model includes points described by their global

    coordinates X Y and Z

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    Pcoordinates X, Y, and Z. The PFL model includes points described by their Station

    (cumulative distance from an arbitrary reference point along the centerline of the line), Offset (lateral distance from the centerline) and elevation, Z.

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    TOWER SPOTTING IN PLS-CADD 19Ch -16

    XYZ Terrain Model

    PLS-CADD can create a PFL model from an XYZ input and adefined Alignment or an XYZ model from a PFL input.

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    A typical ground point "P" and the top of an obstacle "O" in anXYZ model.

    The data for a ground point in the XYZ model include the featurecode, an optional point label or description, the point globalcoordinates X, Y, Z, and a zero obstacle height (h = 0).

    For an obstacle described by its height above a ground point(Obstacle Option 1) the data include the obstacle feature code,the optional obstacle label or description, the global coordinatesX, Y, Z of the ground point directly below the obstacle, and theheight of the obstacle top above the ground.

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    TOWER SPOTTING IN PLS-CADD 20Ch -16

    You can create a new XYZ file manually by going through the following steps:

    XYZ Terrain Model

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    1) Go to the Open PLS-CADD Project dialog box with File / New and type in the name of the XYZ file for your new project, for example Newproj.xyz,

    2) Associate a feature code table to the project by loading an existing feature code list with Terrain / Feature Code Data/ Load FEA File or enter your own list with Terrain / Feature Code Data/ Edit, and

    3) Go to the Edit XYZ Data dialog shown in Figure D-2 with Terrain / Edit / Edit XYZ.

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    TOWER SPOTTING IN PLS-CADD 21Ch -16

    Alignment

    The alignment of a line needs to be defined before any engineering can be performed.

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    In the plan view, the alignment consists of straight line segments between PI points (Points of Inflection).

    If you start with an XYZ terrain model, the alignment is defined in the plan view by selecting the alignment points or corners.

    This is not required when using a PFL t i d l i th li t i terrain model since the alignment is implied.

    All functions necessary to create or edit an alignment are available under the Terrain / Alignment menu.

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    TOWER SPOTTING IN PLS-CADD 22Ch -16

    Spotting structures

    Once you have defined an alignment for a new

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    project, you should use Windows / New Window / Profile View to open a Profile view where you will do the structure spotting.

    Whether you select a new structure or modify new structure or modify an existing one, you will be taken to the Structure Selection box as shown here.

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    TOWER SPOTTING IN PLS-CADD 23Ch -16

    To spot a structure on the profile, select Structures / Add and then click where you want to place the structure.

    Spotting structuresE

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    A black stick tracking the mouse cursor shows the spotting location with the corresponding station displayed in the lower status bar.

    Do not try to select an exact station with the mouse as there is a much easier and precise way to do it in the Structure Modify dialog box.

    Once you have selected a structure in the Structure File Selection box, you are taken to the Structure Modify dialog box.

    You can also get to the Structure Modify dialog box at any time using structures / Modify.

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    TOWER SPOTTING IN PLS-CADD 24Ch -16

    Structures / Move let you move a structure on the centerline. Select the structure to be moved with the mouse and you drag it to its

    new location. As you move a structure, the wind span of the structure

    Spotting structures

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    y , pimmediately to its left, that of the structure you are moving, and thatof the structure immediately to its right are indicated in the bottomstatus bar.

    If the structure is a Method 1 structure, then the percent of wind spanused, i.e. the ratio of actual wind span to allowable is also shown.

    This is an extremely useful feature for interactive spotting. Click on theh b f dright mouse button to get out of Move mode.

    As mentioned before, you can fine tune the structure station at anytime in the Structure Modify dialog box.

    If you want to move a structure exactly at the location of a terrainpoint you should use Structures / Move On. This is the best option forlocating structures at line angles.

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    TOWER SPOTTING IN PLS-CADD 25Ch -16Ground wires and conductors installation

    Once structures are spotted on the alignment, they canpotentially be used to support as many cables (or bundles ofcables) as they have cable attachment points.

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    ) y p

    Since the line model generally includes all cables in all spans,PLS-CADD offers a series of commands for efficiently stringingand sagging cables.

    Because all the cables within one cable set have identicalproperties and tensions, the set, but not individual cables, ist d dstrung and sagged.

    Cable sets are part of tension sections. Each tension section isstrung and sagged separately.

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    TOWER SPOTTING IN PLS-CADD 26Ch -16Ground wires and conductors installation

    A tension section must have a beginning (at a structure dead-end attachment point), an end (at a dead-end attachment pointof another structure down the line), and it may be supported by

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    ), y pp yintermediate structures at non-dead-end attachment points.

    A tension section can pass over an intermediate structure, forexample a high voltage circuit can pass over a short mid-spandistribution pole.

    Stringing is the operation that establishes the structureti f ll th bl i t f b i i t d fconnections for all the cables in a set from beginning to end of

    the tension section.

    Sagging is the operation of tensioning the section to aprescribed value. Both stringing and sagging are fully describedbelow.

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    TOWER SPOTTING IN PLS-CADD 27Ch -16Ground wires and conductors installation

    Click on Sections / Add to start stringing.

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    Then click on the leftmost structure (Structure #6) of the new section that you wish to create.

    The Section Stringing dialog box will appear.

    It will initially be displayed with a small size, but you can increase its size y p y , yby clicking repeatedly on the maximizing button at the top right of the dialog box.

    If the structure where you start stringing is a Method 4 structure (or other types with models initially prepared by our PLS-POLE or TOWER programs), a sketch of that structure will appear in the right portion of the Section Stringing box (see Figure 10.3-1) with each attachment point displayed with its set and phase number.

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    TOWER SPOTTING IN PLS-CADD 28Ch -16

    You should then pick from the list of still available structure Attachment sets the set from which you want to string.

    For example select Attachment Set No 5 to start stringing the lowest

    Ground wires and conductors installation

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    P For example, select Attachment Set No. 5 to start stringing the lowest phase of the right circuit (a "kiwi" conductor). Since the silhouette of Structure #6 in the box of Figure 10.3-1 is displayed as it appears to an observer marching down the line before he reaches that structure, you are able to select attachment points without ambiguity, even if a structure is rotated as is the case with Structure #6.

    Then click on the Next button at the bottom of the dialog to bring the kiwi conductors to Structure #7. kiwi conductors to Structure #7.

    Had you selected "None" in the Attachment set field, the conductors would not be connected to Structure #7. This is the way to bypass an intermediate structure along the alignment. Then click on the Next button three more time and select Attachment set No. 8 to connect to Structures #8, #9 and #10.

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    POWERTRANSMISSIONLIMITED,GANDHINAGAR,GUJARAT,INDIAwww.kalpatarupower.com

    TrainingProgrammeonDesignofTransmissionLines,StructuresandFoundationsinSriLankafrom01to05July2013forCEBEngineers

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    TOWER SPOTTING IN PLS-CADD 29Ch -16

    As you click on Next while at Structure #10, the program senses that you have connected the conductor to a dead-end attachment point, indicating the end of the tension section.

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    A small Create box appears where you click on Yes to complete the stringing.

    You are taken to library of cables where you select the type "kiwi".

    Once the cable type is selected Once the cable type is selected, your newly strung section appears & are taken directly to the Section Modify dialog box where you can sag the section and select parameters for its display.

    POWERTRANSMISSIONLIMITED,GANDHINAGAR,GUJARAT,INDIAwww.kalpatarupower.com

    TrainingProgrammeonDesignofTransmissionLines,StructuresandFoundationsinSriLankafrom01to05July2013forCEBEngineers

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    PLAN & PROFILE DRAWINGS

    Plan and Profile sheets (P&P) are produced automatically by PLS-CADD, according to user specified parameters.

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    You have complete flexibility in choosing scales and page appearance as demonstrated here.

    The drawings can be sent directly to printer, or exported as DXF files readable by most CAD systems (AutoCAD, Micro Station) for further Station) for further enhancements., or can be converted to PDF on your web site as a truly universal way to share them with all interested parties.

    POWERTRANSMISSIONLIMITED,GANDHINAGAR,GUJARAT,INDIAwww.kalpatarupower.com

    TrainingProgrammeonDesignofTransmissionLines,StructuresandFoundationsinSriLankafrom01to05July2013forCEBEngineers

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    TOWER SPOTTING IN PLS-CADD 31Ch -16

    PLAN & PROFILE DRAWINGSE

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    POWERTRANSMISSIONLIMITED,GANDHINAGAR,GUJARAT,INDIAwww.kalpatarupower.com

    TrainingProgrammeonDesignofTransmissionLines,StructuresandFoundationsinSriLankafrom01to05July2013forCEBEngineers

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    TOWER SPOTTING IN PLS-CADD 32Ch -16

    P&P sheets can be printed directly, sent to a CAD system for further work or sent to a web site with other design documents for immediate sharing with others in your design / construction

    PLAN & PROFILE DRAWINGS

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    Pfor immediate sharing with others in your design / construction team.

    To print drawings, select File / Print. You ave two choices. A printout of the current picture on the screen can be obtained by selecting yes in the Screen selecting yes in the Screen Dump dialog or you can print any number of scaled plan and profile sheets by selecting No and choosing the proper parameters in the subsequent dialogs.

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    POWERTRANSMISSIONLIMITED,GANDHINAGAR,GUJARAT,INDIAwww.kalpatarupower.com

    TrainingProgrammeonDesignofTransmissionLines,StructuresandFoundationsinSriLankafrom01to05July2013forCEBEngineers

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    TOWER SPOTTING IN PLS-CADD 33Ch -16

    Our connection with CAD systems is exclusively through the DXF format.

    PLAN & PROFILE DRAWINGS

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    To export your drawing to a CAD system, select File / Export / DXF. After specifying a file name, you will be asked about your destination CAD system (AutoCAD (R) or Micro station (R)) and about whether you want to export a 2- dimensional or a 3-dimensional file.

    A 3-d file export is only applicable to a 3-d view or a structure view.

    Therefore you should select 2-dimensional. You will also be asked whether to include all sheets in a single CAD drawing or to have one separate CAD drawing for each sheet.

    POWERTRANSMISSIONLIMITED,GANDHINAGAR,GUJARAT,INDIAwww.kalpatarupower.com

    TrainingProgrammeonDesignofTransmissionLines,StructuresandFoundationsinSriLankafrom01to05July2013forCEBEngineers

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    34TOWER SPOTTING IN PLS-CADDCh -16

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    T H A N K SB. B. SHAH [email protected]

    SUJAL SHAH [email protected]

    KAUSHAL [email protected]