Ch 15, Sec 3: Kingdoms of the Middle Ages

Alfred the Great

• King of England in the late A.D. 800s• United small groups of Anglo-Saxons to fight

Viking invaders• New kingdom was named

“Angleland”=England• Strong leader for 30 years

William the Conqueror

• Ruler of Normandy (France)• Cousin to King Edward of England who died• Wanted to take Edward’s throne

Battle of Hastings

• 1066 A.D.• William the Conqueror landed in England with

knights• William won/became King of England

William as King of England

• Anglo-Saxons (English people) hated him/revolted often

• Gave land to Norman (French) knights to control the Anglo-Saxons

• Cultures merged– Ideas on how to run the gov’t– Learned new languages– Sheriffs kept order– Wedding ceremonies blended

Henry II

• English king 1154-1189• Set up a court system• Set up a common law for everybody• Used juries for the first time– Grand jury-decided if people should be accused of

a crime– Trial jury-decided if people were guilty or innocent

King John (Henry’s son)

• Became England’s king in 1199• Raised taxes• Punished people without a trial• Forced to sign the Magna Carta– Means “Great Charter”

Magna Carta

• Took away some of the king’s power• King could not collect taxes without

permission• Freemen had the right to a fair trial by a jury• Established the idea that people have rights• Limited the power of the government

King Edward I of England

• 1200 A.D.• Gathered people together to create a

Parliament– Made decisions together on important

issues– “representative government”

Parliament

• Original Plan:– 2 knights– 2 people from every town– All high-ranking nobles/church officials

• Second Plan:– Two houses• House of Lords-high ranking nobles/church officials• House of Commons-Knights/townspeople

Philip II of France

• King from 1180-1223• Went to war with England to get French lands

from English control• Gained power/control for France in Europe

Philip IV of France

• King from 1284-1314• Wanted a representative government• Met with the Estates-General– 3 groups of people:• First Estate-priests• Second Estate-Nobles• Third Estate-townspeople/peasants

Eastern Europe

• Divided in three groups– 1. Southern Slavs-Croats, Serbs, and Bulgarians– 2. Western Slavs-Poles, Czechs, and Slovaks– 3. Eastern Slavs-Eukrainians, Belorussians, and

Russians

Slavs• Farmers• Chopped down forests and burned the trees

to fertilize the land• Planted barley, rye, and flax• Were invaded by Vikings (called the Rus) in

the 700s AD

Oleg

• Viking leader in 900 A.D.• Led from the city of Kiev• Took control of all 3 groups of Slavs• United the groups into what is today Russia

Mongols

• Attacked Kiev/Russia• All major cities were destroyed• Killed many people• Forced Russian rulers to pay tribute

Rise of Moscow

• Grand Dukes of Moscow:– Married the daughters of rulers from other lands– Fought wars to get more territory– Collected taxes for Mongols=more power

Ivan IV

• Grand duke in 1462• Built big palaces/churches in Moscow• Started calling himself Czar Ivan IV• Defeated the Mongols/kicked them out of

Russia• Started expanding his empire north and west