The Formation of Western Europe800-1500

Ch. 14.3 England and France

Develop

Size of the forces involved; the number of casualties (dead and wounded)The major “players” involved, whether they be powerful countries or peopleThe context/circumstances surrounding the battle. Why was the battle being fought? Where there extenuating circumstances like geography, weather, etc. that influenced the outcome?The outcome, for example: did the battle win the war or turn the tide of the war; had one side been losing up until that battle?Long-term effects, for example, did the winner go on to win the war and change the course of history?

Write a list of factors that distinguish one battle from another. In essence, why do we place importance on one battle (not war) over others?

NAME OF BATTLE: Example: the Allied invasion of Normandy, France. June 6, 1944

CHARACTERISTICS THAT MADE IT IMPORTANT:•Largest amphibious landing ever. 1 million men• Fortress Europe was being invaded. The success at Normandy hastened the end of WWII • Had to be done in absolute secrecy to ensure its success • Weather played a factor. Germans didn’t think Allies would invade in bad weather; they did! •The heroics of the men at Omaha Beach have become part American culture (Saving Private Ryan; Band of Brothers, The Longest Day, etc.)

Provide an example of an important battle you have studied in one of your history classes (US I, US II, or World). Describe the characteristics that made it important to your study of that topic/subject area.

How did democratic traditions begin to evolve as the kingdoms of England and France began to develop?

What steps were necessary to centralize governments in France and England?

What was the significance of the Battle of Hastings?

What is the significance of the Magna Carta?

Essential Questions:

England Absorbs InvadersMany invaders landed

from different regions landed in BritainThe AnglesThe SaxonsCreated Anglo-Saxon

cultureThe Vikings

Alfred the Great (871-899) unites his kingdom under one rule, calling it England, “land of the Angles”

1016 – Danish King Canute united Anglo-Saxons and Vikings into one people

Struggle for the Throne…1042 – King Edward the

Confessor took the throne Died in 1066 without an

heirThe resulting power

vacuum leads to war!

The Norman ConquestInvader = William the

Conqueror Duke of Normandy

(northern France)Cousin of King Edward

William invaded England with a Norman army and claimed English crown

Rival = Harold GodwinsonBrother-in-law of Edward Anglo-Saxon who claimed

the throne

Fought against William in the Battle of HastingsNormans were victorious after

Harold takes an arrow in the eye

William claimed all England his person property.

Kept 1/5 for himselfGave lands to 200 Norman lordsUnified control of the landLaid foundation for centralized

governmentBrought feudalism to England

BATTLE OF HASTINGS 1066

Remember Robin Hood?Anglo-Saxons hated

their Norman conquerors

The Norman lords wielded much power and heavily taxed the Saxons

The story of Robin Hood tells of his exploits in stealing from the rich (Normans) and giving to the poor (Saxons)

Goals of the English KingsHold onto and add to their

French landsStrengthen their power

over nobles and the ChurchEnglish king Henry II

acquired a French territory, Aquitaine in his marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine Added to lands in

NormandyServed as a vassal to the

French King

Juries and Common LawHenry II strengthened the

royal courts by:Sending royal judges to every

part of England at least one/yearCollected taxesSettled lawsuitsPunished crimes

Introduced use of a juryMade up of loyal peopleAnswered judge’s questions about

the caseOnly allowed in king’s courts

Common law: a unified body of law created by case by case rulings of England’s royal judges

The basis for law in U.S.

The Magna CartaORDER OF MONARCHS: Henry II > Richard

the Lionhearted > John SoftswordLost Normandy, lands in northern FranceAlienated the ChurchThreatened rights to self-governRaised taxes to all-time high

Nobles revolted and forced John to agree to the Magna Carta (Great Charter) in 1215Guaranteed basic political rights

No taxation without representation Right to a jury trial Right to protection under the law

Basic legal rights in U.K. and U.S. today!

The Model ParliamentJohn Softsword > Edward I1295 – Edward needed to

raise taxes so he called on 2 burgesses (citizens of wealth and property, but not necessarily a noble) from every borough and 2 knights from every county

In November, knights, burgesses, bishops, lords met together in London as a parliament (a legislative group)

A model for later kings

In Parliament – the two groups formed an assembly of their own:House of Commons

(knights and burgesses)House of Lords

(nobles and bishops)Weakened power of

lordsProvided a check on

royal power, just like the Magna Carta

England’s Parliament Building today

Rise of the Capetian Dynasty

The Capetian DynastyCapet family only controlled a

small area of France, but it included Paris

Despite being weak rulers, Capets managed to expand their power outward from Paris

Most powerful Capetian was Philip II (1180-1223)

His goal: weaken the power of English kings in France

Seized Normandy from King John in 1204, tripled the lands under his control

Established a strong central governmentEstablished officials called

bailiffs who presided over the king’s courts and collected the king’s taxes

Phillip II’s Heirs

Louis IX – 1226-1270Created a French appeals court (could overturn the decisions of

local courts)Strengthened the monarchyWeakened feudal ties

Philip IV – 1285-1314 Fought w/ the pope about priests paying taxes to the kingCalled a meeting to win support against the pope and invited

commoners

Estates-GeneralPhilip IV invited all to

participate in a meeting known as the Estates-GeneralHelped to increase royal

power against the nobilityDid not limit the king’s power

In England and France these events were important steps towards increased central government power and democratic rule

How did democratic traditions begin to evolve as the kingdoms of England and France began to develop?

What steps were necessary to centralize governments in France and England?

What is the significance of the Magna Carta?

RECAP: Essential Questions: