Industrial Revolution

Agricultural Revolution

• Farmers developed methods that resulted in an increased food supply– Crop rotation – rotating crops so the nutrients in

the land are not depleted.

• As more land became available, landowners raised more sheep

• Sheep’s wool was a cash crop• Cottage Industries – wool was spun into cloth

in a person’s home

• Landowners began to enclose their land to increase income.

• Many were forced to seek work in the cities

Farming Machines

• Seed Drill– Developed by Jethro Tull– Placed seeds in rows across a plot of land

Jethro Tull

• Iron Plow– Turned the soil more easily and enabled the field

to be plowed more quickly

• Cotton Gin– Developed by Eli Whitney– Took seeds out of cotton

Eli Whitney

• Horse Drawn Reaping Machine– Enabled farmers to cut wheat much more quickly– Invented by Cyrus McCormick

Cyrus McCormick

• Threshing machine– Developed by Andrew Meikle– Separate the wheat from the husks and stalks

quickly

Andrew Meikle

• Steam Tractor– Developed by John Fowler– It lowered the cost of plowing fields

John Fowler

Industrial Revolution

• The 18th and 19th centuries• It began in Great Britain

• Factories were created to house the large machines

• Animals or running water were initially used for power

• Steam engine– James Watt made significant improvements to it– Provided consistent and reliable power for the

Industrial Revolution

• Flying shuttle– Enabled workers to weave the strands of cotton

into cloth much more rapidly– Developed by John Kay

John Kay

• Spinning Jenny– Could quickly spin many strands of cotton into

thread– Developed by James Hargreaves

James Hargreaves

• Entrepreneurs were people who developed businesses and sold their inventions

• Richard Arkwright was one of the most famous entrepreneurs

• He got the government to grant patents

Richard Arkwright

Factors that Encouraged the Rise of Industry:

1. Growing population2. Abundant raw materials3. Stable government