Ch. 13 RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY AND GENETIC

ENGINEERING

Recombinant DNA

• A DNA molecule carrying a new combination of genes.

• Human DNA is put into bacteria then it reproduces.

Used for production of human insulin for diabetics and other medications.

Transgenic Organisms

• Transgenic means the organism has one or more genes from a different species inserted into their DNA.

• Transgenic plants-genes to make them grow faster and be resistant to disease

• Transgenic animals-genes added to have them make human proteins in their milk for disease treatment or for research

Gel Electrophoresis

• A method that sorts proteins and nucleic acids based on their electric charge.

• Restriction fragments-

DNA pieces used

for comparisons

DNA Fingerprints

• The pattern of DNA formed during gel electrophoresis. Used by law enforcement.

Human Genome Project

Started 1990Completed 2003

Human Genome Project

• Goal: To identify those genes that are responsible for particular traits, especially those associated with diseases.

• What they did: Mapped and sequenced DNA for all genetic traits.

Human Genome

• Supporters hope we can cure many genetic disorders.

• Opponents are afraid that the information could be used to allow parents to pick their children's genetic make up

Cloning

• Creating genetically identical individuals from a single cell from an adult organism.

• Process involves removing the nucleus from an egg cell and replacing it with the nucleus of an adult cell.

• The embryo divides and is implanted into a female animal for normal development

Cloning

Cloning

• The adult and the clone are genetically identical, same DNA but different ages.

• Support: It is hoped that we can clone animals to produce more food and possible medical advances.

• Oppositions: People fear that there will be an attempt to clone humans .