Ch. 11.6 NotesCh. 11.6 NotesMutations Mutations Page

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The Big Picture

Proteins control the cell’s function by __________________________________________.What would happen if there was a sudden change in the type of protein made?

How could this happen?

deciding what you will look like.

It would change the cell’s function and could change what you look like.

(for example: you might get a new freckle.) Mutatio

ns!

Mutation

Example:Normal:Mutated:

What is it?

Mutations can be caused by what 3 processes that involve DNA? (we’ve already learned them)

1. 3.2.If you have a mutation, what does that mean?

Some examples:

any change in the nucleotide (base-pair) order in DNA

Protein SynthesisCell Division

DNA Replication

It will change what you look like

cancer, birth mark or mole, hair loss, freckles, grey hair, two different colored eyes

AGTAT

AGTTT

Mutations affect what you Mutations affect what you look like…look like…

Hollywood’s mutations…Hollywood’s mutations…

Gene What is a gene?

Where are genes found?

Categories of Mutations

There are two main types of mutations:

1.

2.

Information about a trait you have (like hair color, eye color, etc.)

on DNA

Chromosomal – A change in the whole chromosome/DNA (it affects many genes)

Gene– A change in a very small piece of a chromosome/DNA (it affects only one gene)

Deletion (on page 252)

Mutation category:Definition:

*ExampleDNA: AAG TCC TGA CTAProtein: THE DOG HATES CATS

Mutated DNA: AAG TCC CTAProtein: THE DOG CATS

ChromosomalA piece of the DNA is

broken off and lost

Duplication Mutation category:Definition:

*ExampleDNA: AAG TCC TGA CTAProtein: THE DOG HATES CATS

Mutated DNA: AAG TCC TGA TGA CTA

Protein: THE DOG HATES HATES CATS

ChromosomalA piece of DNA is

copied and repeated

Translocation

Mutation category:Definition:

*ExampleDNA #1: AAG TCC TGA CTAProtein #1: THE DOG HATES CATS

DNA #2 : TAG GGG CCC AATProtein #2: HORSES LIKE TO RUN

Mutated DNA #1: AAG TCC CCC AATMutated Protein #1: THE DOG TO RUN

Mutated DNA #2 : TAG GGG TGA CTAMutated Protein #2: HORSES LIKE HATES CATS

ChromosomalInvolves two chromosomes

– one piece breaks off & switches chromosomes

Inversion Mutation category:Definition:

*ExampleDNA: AAG TCC TGA CTAProtein: THE DOG HATES CATS

Mutated DNA: AAG TCC ATC AGTMutated Protein: THE DOG SNAKE EAT

ChromosomalA piece of a chromosome

breaks off and reverses order

Point Mutation

Mutation category:Definition:

*ExampleDNA: AAG TTC T GA CTAProtein: THE DOG HATES CATS

Mutated DNA: AAG TTC CGA CTAMutated Protein: THE DOG LOVES CATS

Gene

One nucleotide (base) is substituted for another

Frameshift Mutation

Mutation category:Definition:

*ExampleDNA: AAG TCC TGA CTAProtein: THE DOG HATES CATS

Deleted Base G: AAT TCC GAC TAMutated Protein: YOU BIRD RAT ----Added Base C: AAG CTC CTG ACT AMutated Protein: THE ROOSTER EATS STAR ---

ChromosomalAn addition or deletion

of one base that causes the rest to shift over

Frameshift MutationFrameshift Mutation