Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of...
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Transcript of Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of...
![Page 1: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Ch 11 - Electron Configuration
Radiant Energy
![Page 2: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Waves
• Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy.
• These packets are called photons.
• Light is a form of Electromagnetic Radiation.
– EM Radiation has waves in the electric and magnetic fields
![Page 3: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Electromagnetic waves
• Electromagnetic waves have two basic parts.
1. electric field
2. magnetic field
• The fields are
perpendicular to each
other.
![Page 4: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Waves
• All waves (Water or Electromagnetic) have 4 key characteristics:
– Amplitude
– Wavelength
– Period
– Frequency
![Page 5: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Wave Characteristics
• Amplitude.
– Height of a wave from origin to a peak/crest.
– Affects brightness and intensity.
• Wavelength.
– Distance from crest to crest. Distance for one full cycle.
– Visible light: 400-750nm.
![Page 6: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Wave Characteristics
• Period
– time that it takes to complete a full cycle.
– Measured in seconds
• Frequency.
– number of cycles per second.
– Measured in hertz(Hz)
– High frequency = high energy
![Page 7: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Wave Characteristics
• Speed of light
– Speed of light a constant:
3.00 X 108 m/s.
• Frequency and Wavelength related by the equation: = c /
![Page 8: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Wavelength and frequency
You can also find the frequency by rearranging the equation: = c /
• First, multiply by (frequency): = (c/)
• Now, divide by (wavelength):() / = c /
• Leaving: = c/Moving on….
![Page 9: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Try this…Remember: = c / 1) If the frequency of a wave is 93.1 x 106 ,
what is the wavelength?
2) If the wavelength of a wave is 1.54 m, what is it’s frequency?
![Page 10: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Try this…
1. Split up into groups of 3.
2. Draw one wave with wavelength 4 cm
3. Draw second wave with wavelength twice of the first wave.
4. Draw a third wave with 3 times the wavelength the first wave.
5. Draw 3 more waves with the same wavelengths as the first set but with an amplitude of 6 cm.
![Page 11: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Try this…
1. Order the waves from lowest to highest frequency.
2. Order the waves from lowest to highest energy.
3. Order the waves from lowest to highest amplitude.
![Page 12: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Electromagnetic Spectrum
• Many parts including:– Gamma Rays (10-11 m)
– X-Rays (10-9 m)
– Ultra-violet (10-8 m)
– Visible (10-7 m)
– Infared (10-6 m)
– Microwave (10-2 m)
– TV/Radio (10-1 m)
![Page 13: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Electromagnetic Spectrum
• Visible Spectrum:ROY G BIV
– Red
– Orange
– Yellow
– Green
– Blue
– Indigo
– Violet
![Page 14: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Electromagnetic Spectrum (once more)
![Page 15: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Wavelength practice…Remember: = c / For the following questions assume that the speed of light is = 3000m/s
1) If the frequency of a wave is 847 Hz, what is the wavelength?
2) If the frequency of a wave is 4,985 Hz, what is the wavelength?
3) If the frequency of a wave is 290 Hz, what is the wavelength?
4) If the frequency of a wave is 38,759 Hz, what is the wavelength?
2) If the wavelength of a wave is 1.54 m, what is it’s frequency?
![Page 16: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Wavelength practice…Remember: = c / For the following questions assume that the speed of light is =
3000m/s
1) If the wavelength of a wave is 1.54 m, what is it’s frequency?
2) If the wavelength of a wave is .875 m, what is it’s frequency?
3) If the wavelength of a wave is 3.39 m, what is it’s frequency?
4) If the wavelength of a wave is .657 m, what is it’s frequency?
![Page 17: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Electron Configuration
Quantum Theory
![Page 18: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Early Puzzlements
• Wave model for light was originally accepted by scientific community.
• This couldn’t explain why metals heating first emitted invisible radiation and then visible radiation.
• Other questions included why elements only emitted certain characteristic colors of light.
![Page 19: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Terminology
• Ground State – when an atom is at the lowest possible energy state.
• Excited State – when an atom has excess energy
![Page 20: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Line Spectra
• Def: A spectrum that contains only certain colors/wavelengths.
• AKA: The Atomic Emission Spectrum
• Each element has it’s own “fingerprint” emission spectrum.
![Page 21: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Line Spectra
• Assume you “energize” some H atoms.
• There are only certain types of photons emitted.
• We see only selected colors that correspond to these photons energy levels.
![Page 22: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Line Spectra
• Each photon has a frequency that is proportional to the change in energy of the electron.
![Page 23: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Plank’s Theory
• Every object can only absorb or emit a fundamental amount of energy.
• This amount is called a quantum.
• The amount is like moving up or down steps.
![Page 24: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Plank’s Theory
• Plank’s Theory is based on the relationship between frequency and the energy of the particle.
• Energy = h x frequency• E = h• Plank’s Constant:
– h = 6.6262 X 10-34 J-s
![Page 25: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Dual Nature of Radiant Energy
• Proven in 1923 by Arthur Compton– Showed photon could
collide with an electron like tiny balls.
• Summary:– Light behaves as a
wave ( = c/)– Light behaves as a
particle (E = h)
![Page 26: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Electron Configuration
Another Look at the Atom
![Page 27: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
The Bohr Model
• Bohr drew the connection between Rutherford's model of the atom and Planks idea of quantization.
• Energy levels labeled with Quantum Numbers (n)
• Ground state, or lowest energy level – n=1
• Excited State – level of higher energy
![Page 28: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Matter Waves
• If energy has dual nature, why not matter?• De Broglie thought so.
– Matter Waves – the wavelike behavior of waves.
– Didn’t stand without experimental proof
• Davison and Germer proved this with experiments in 1927.
• Why don’t we see these matter waves? Mass must be very small to observe wavelength.
![Page 29: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Heisenberg Uncertainty
• Uncertainty Principle– The position and momentum of a moving
object cannot simultaneously be measured and known exactly.
• Translation:– Cannot know exactly where and how fast an
electron is moving at the same time.
![Page 30: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Electron Configurations
A New Approach to the Atom
![Page 31: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Quantum-mechanics Model
• Includes all the ideas of the atom we have covered:– Energy of electrons is quantized– Electrons exhibit wavelike behavior– Electrons position and momentum cannot be
simultaneously known– Model does describe the probable location of
electrons around the nucleus
![Page 32: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Probability and Orbitals
• Electron Density:– The density of an
electron cloud.
• Atomic Orbitals:– A region around the
nucleus of an atom where an electron with a given energy is likely to be found.
• Kinds of orbitals:– Each kind has own
different basic shape.– Given letter
designations of s, p, d and f.
– s-orbitals are spherical– p-orbitals are dumbbell– d- and f-orbitals more
complex.
![Page 33: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Probability and Orbitals
• Electron Density:– The density of an electron cloud.
• Atomic Orbitals:– A region around the nucleus of an atom where an
electron with a given energy is likely to be found.
– Orbitals are nothing like orbits of a planet!
![Page 34: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Probability and Orbitals
• Lets look at the cool animation…
![Page 35: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Orbitlas and Energy
• Principle energy levels (n) can be divided into sublevels.
• Number of sublevels is equal to the number of the principle energy level.
![Page 36: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Orbitals and Energy
• Each sublevel has one or more orbitals– s – one
– P – three
– d – five
– f – seven
• Summary provided on pg 372-374
![Page 37: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Electron Spin
• Electrons have two spins:– Up or clockwise– Down or counterclockwise
• Only two electrons (one of each spin) can occupy an orbital. These electrons are said to be “paired”.
![Page 38: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Electron Configurations
Electron Configurations
![Page 39: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Electron Configurations
• Notation which shows how the electrons are distributed among the various atomic orbital and energy levels.
1s2
![Page 40: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
How it works
1s2
• “1” refers to the principle quantum number “n=1”
• This “n=1” stands for the energy level
• The electrons occupy the first energy level of the atom
![Page 41: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
How it works
1s2
• “s” refers to the angular momentum.
• Tells us electrons occupy an “s” or spherical orbital
![Page 42: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
How it works
1s2
• “2” refers to the total number of electrons in that orbital (s)
![Page 43: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
How it works
1s2
• Summary
• There are two electrons(2) in the spherical orbital (s) at the fist energy level (1)
![Page 44: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Reminder/Review
• Principle energy levels (n) can be divided into sublevels.
• Number of sublevels is equal to the number of the principle energy level.
![Page 45: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Orbitals
• An orbital is a space that can be occupied by up to two electrons.
• Each sublevel holds different number of orbitals.
Sublevel # of orbitals Maximum #
of electronss 1 2p 3 6d 5 10f 7 14
![Page 46: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Orbitals
• To calculate # of orbitals:– # of orbitals = n2
• ex. Thrid energy level (principle level) (n=3)– # of orbitals = 32
– # of orbitals = 9– 3 sublevels (s+p+d) => (1+3+5), see above chart
![Page 47: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Orbitals
• To calculate # of electrons:– # of electrons = 2n2
• ex. fourth energy level (principle level) (n=4)– # of orbitals = 2(4)2
– # of orbitals = 32
![Page 48: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Filling Sublevels with Electrons
• There is a specific order that energy sublevels fill up. Follow the chart.
• Or….
• Read the PT like a book!
![Page 49: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Filling Sublevels with Electrons
• Read the PT like a book!
• Remember:– d elements move up 1 principle #– f elements move up 2 principle #
![Page 50: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Practice
![Page 51: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Let’s practice!!!
• Oxygen
• Vandium
• Europium
![Page 52: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Example
• Oxygen– 1s2 2s2 2p4
• Vandium– 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d3
• Europium– 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f6
![Page 53: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Short-hand Notaion
• Very similar to electron configuration
• Start at the selected element
• Move backward till you are at a noble gas.
• Write the noble gas in brackets
• Continue as normal.
![Page 54: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Example
• Oxygen– 1s2 2s2 2p4
• Vandium– 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d3
– [Ar] 4s2 3d3
• Europium– 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f6
– [Rn] 6s2 4f6
![Page 55: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Let’s practice!!!
• Oxygen
• Vandium
• Europium
![Page 56: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Try these on your own!!!
1. Beryllium
2. Fluorine
3. Silicon
4. Manganese
5. Gallium
6. Silver
7. Samarium
8. Gold
9. Bismuth
10.Uranium
Write the long-hand and short-hand electron notation for the following elements.
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Orbital Notaion
• Very similar to electron configuration
• Just use a box instead of a superscript
• Boxes represent orbitals
• Arrows represent electrons
• Put electrons in “up” first, then “down”.
![Page 58: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
DON’T FORGET!!!
• An orbital is a space that can be occupied by up to two electrons.
• Each sublevel holds different number of orbitals.
Sublevel # of orbitals Maximum #
of electronss 1 2p 3 6d 5 10f 7 14
![Page 59: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Orbital Notaion
• Remember only two electrons per box
• Ex. F
• Ex. P
![Page 60: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Practice
• Li
• C
• Al
• S
![Page 61: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Lewis Dot Diagram
• consists of an elemental symbol and…
• the valence electrons– outer-most electrons of the atom– valence electrons are the available electrons
that can be involved in bonding.
![Page 62: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Lewis Dot Diagram
• If you don’t know how many electrons are in the valence shell then, write the electron configuration!
• Look at the last principal number.
• Li: 1s2 2s1
• S: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4
• Kr: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6
![Page 63: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Lewis Dot Diagram
• How to make them– there are multiple ways– we are going to use a specific order
• Ex. O
![Page 64: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Practice
• Li
• C
• Al
• S
![Page 65: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Electron Notation Poster
• Once you have your group come to me to get your Element.
![Page 66: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Extra practice!!!!
![Page 67: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
If an atom has 16 protons and 30 neutrons and a charge of -2
• What is the atomic number?_____
• What is the atomic mass?_______
• What is the mass number?______
• How many electrons does it have?_____
• What is the element symbol?______
• What kind of ion is it?________
![Page 68: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
If an atom has 19 protons and 42 neutrons and a charge of +1
• What is the atomic number?________
• What is the atomic mass?_______
• What is the mass number?_________
• How many electrons does it have?______
• What is the element symbol?______
• What kind of ion is it?_______
![Page 69: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Write two symbols on the board.• How many protons are there?______• How many neutrons are there?______• How many electrons are there?_____• What is the atomic number?______• What is the atomic mass?______• What is the mass number?_______• What kind of ion is it? ________
![Page 70: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Label the Periodic Table!!!
![Page 71: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Make scientist map!!!
![Page 72: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Remember: = c / = c / E = h
1)If the wavelength of a wave is 3.39 m, what is it’s frequency?________
2)If the wavelength of a wave is .657 m, what is it’s frequency?________
3)If the frequency of a wave is 4,985 Hz, what is the wavelength?_______
4)If the frequency of a wave is 290 Hz, what is the wavelength?_______
![Page 73: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
QUIZ• Clear your desk of everything except a pen/pencil
and paper
![Page 74: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
1)Write the abbriviated electron notation of Ru (atomic # 44)
![Page 75: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
2)Write the unabbriviated electron notation of O (atomic # 8)
![Page 76: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
3)Write the orbital notation of C (atomic # 6)
![Page 77: Ch 11 - Electron Configuration Radiant Energy Waves Light travels as both Waves and Packets of energy. These packets are called photons. Light is a form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c28002/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
4)Write the Lewis Dot Diagram of N (atomic # 7)