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8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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3
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legfkb| h~ rfnbsk`b|$ gfn ~eb bfbskx legfkb| ~eg~
gll`mqgfx ~e`|b qs`lb||b|
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mg~~bs ~` {ehle f` bulbq~h`f| gsb if`{f&
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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Exq`~eb|h| - ~bf~g~hzb buqdgfg~h`f| j`s {eg~ {b c|bszbnBuqbshmbf~g~h`f - ~b|~hfk `j ~eb exq`~eb|h|Ng~g “ bmqhshlgd jgl~| l`ddbl~bn nrshfk buqbshmbf~g~h`f/@c|bszg~h`f `s buqbshmbf~
^eb`sx - ~b|~bn buqdgfg~h`f `j ~eb cbegzh`s `j fg~rsbL`fldr|h`f “ |~g~bmbf~ ~eg~ h| cg|bn `f {eg~ h| ~e`rke~gc`r~ g |bshb| `j `c|bszg~h`f|Dg{ - kbfbsgdhg~h`f cg|bn rq`f ~eb sb|rd~| `j mgfxbuqbshmbf~|
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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2
^esbb \~g~b| `j Mg~~bs
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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Qeg|b Nhgksgm
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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Qex|hlgd Qs`qbs~hb| - qex|hlgd legfkb| legfkb| `j |~g~b nbf|h~x$ l`d`s$ |`drchdh~x
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8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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8
Mhu~rsb|$ \rc|~gflb|$L`mq`rfn|$ gfn Bdbmbf~|
Qrsb \rc|~gflb mg~~bs hf {ehle gdd |gmqdb| egzb hnbf~hlgd
l`mq`|h~h`f gfn qs`qbs~hb| L`mq`rfn|? |rc|~gflb| l`mq`|bn `j g~`m|
`j ~{` `s m`sb bdbmbf~| lebmhlgddx rfh~bn hfjhubn qs`q`s~h`f|
Bdbmbf~|? |rc|~gflb| ~eg~ lgff`~ cbnbl`mq`|bn hf~` |hmqdbs |rc|~gflb| zhglebmhlgd sbgl~h`f|
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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71
Mhu~rsb|$ \rc|~gflb|$L`mq`rfn|$ gfn Bdbmbf~|
L`mq`rfn|
|rc|~gflb| l`mq`|bn `j ~{` `s m`sb
bdbmbf~| hf g nbjhfh~b sg~h` cx mg|| lgf cb nbl`mq`|bn hf~` ~eb l`f|~h~rbf~
bdbmbf~|
[g~bs h| g l`mq`rfn ~eg~ lgf cb nbl`mq`|bn
hf~` |hmqdbs |rc|~gflb| “ exns`kbf gfn `uxkbf
3 E3@ 3 E3 ) @3
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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77
Mhu~rsb|$ \rc|~gflb|$L`mq`rfn|$ gfn Bdbmbf~|
Mhu~rsb|
l`mq`|bn `j ~{` `s m`sb |rc|~gflb|
e`m`kbfb`r| mhu~rsb| - q`||b|| ~eb |gmbqs`qbs~hb| ~es`rke`r~ ~eb mhu~rsb
eb~bs`kbfb`r| mhu~rsb| - l`f|h|~| `j ~{`
`s m`sb sbkh`f| ~eg~ nhjjbs hf qs`qbs~hb|
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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S`rfnhfk @jj Frmcbs|Srdb| Bugmqdb7& Hj ~eb fbu~ nhkh~ h| db|| ~egf 2$ 7&38> 7&38
~ebf ~eb qsbzh`r| nhkh~ sbmghf| ~eb |gmb
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hflsbg|bn cx `fb
<& Hj ~eb fbu~ nhkh~ h| 2 `s 2 j`dd`{bn cx GDD bs`b|$ 7&352 7&35
^ebf ~eb qsbzh`r| nhkh~ sbmghf| ~eb |gmb hj h~ h| bzbf 7&33211 7&33
>& Hj ~eb fbu~ nhkh~ h| 2 `s 2 j`dd`{bn cx GDD bs`b|$ 7&382 7&<1
^ebf ~eb qsbzh`r| nhkh~| h| hflsbg|bn hj h~ h| `nn 7&<;2 7&<5
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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L`bjjhlhbf~ %gfx frmcbs ~eg~‘| js`m · 7-8(
Buq`fbf~ %gfx f`f-nblhmgd
frmcbs(
F& u 71u
Kbfbsgd J`smrdg
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^` l`fzbs~ frmcbs| hf~` \lhbf~hjhlF`~g~h`f
G| x`r m`zb ~eb nblhmgd q`hf~ ~` ~eb dbj~ %h&b&$
mgib ~eb l`bjjhlhbf~ |mgddbs( ~eb q`{bs `j ~bf
%h&b&$ ~eb buq`fbf~( mr|~ hflsbg|b cx ~eb |gmb
gm`rf~
7;21&1 = 7;21&1 u 711 = 7&;211 u 71<
G| x`r m`zb ~eb nblhmgd q`hf~ ~` ~eb shke~ %h&b&$mgib ~eb l`bjjhlhbf~ dgskbs( ~eb q`{bs `j ~bf %h&b&$
~eb buq`fbf~( mr|~ nblsbg|b cx ~eb |gmb gm`rf~
1&1211 = 1&1211 u 711 = 2&11 u 71-3
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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72
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\hkfhjhlgf~ nhkh~| hfnhlg~b e`{ gllrsg~bdxmbg|rsbmbf~| egzb cbbf mgnb
^` jhfn e`{ mgfx |hkfhjhlgf~ nhkh~| g frmcbseg|?
7& D`lg~b ~eb jhs|~ f`fbs` nhkh~ %|~gs~ js`m dbj~ ~`shke~($ ~ebf |~gs~hfk {h~e ~eg~ nhkh~$ l`rf~ ~ebfrmcbs `j nhkh~| ~eg~ j`dd`{
1&13211
3& bs`| g~ ~eb bfn `j g frmcbs ~eg~ eg| f` nblhmgd
q`hf~ gsb f`~ |hkfhjhlgf~
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\hkfhjhlgf~ Jhkrsb|
‣ Gfx nhkh~ ~eg~ h| f`~ bs` h| |hkfhjhlgf~
7&3<> ik > |hkfhjhlgf~ jhkrsb|‣_bs`| cb~{bbf f`fbs` nhkh~| gsb |hkfhjhlgf~
:1: m < |hkfhjhlgf~ jhkrsb|
‣_bs`| ~` ~eb dbj~ `j ~eb jhs|~ f`fbs` nhkh~ gsb f`~ |hkfhjhlgf~
1&15 D 7 |hkfhjhlgf~ jhkrsb
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3&1 mk 3 |hkfhjhlgf~ jhkrsb|‣Hj g frmcbs h| db|| ~egf 7$ ~ebf `fdx ~eb bs`| ~eg~ gsb g~ ~ebbfn gfn hf ~eb mhnndb `j ~eb frmcbs gsb |hkfhjhlgf~
1&11>31 k < |hkfhjhlgf~ jhkrsb| %>&31 mk(
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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Mgfhqrdg~hfk Q`{bs| `j ^bf
[ebf mrd~hqdxhfk q`{bs| `j ~bf$ ~eb buq`fbf~|
gsb gnnbn&
712
u 71->
= 71%2) ->(
= 717
[ebf nhzhnhfk q`{bs| `j ~bf$ ~eb buq`fbf~| gsb
|rc~sgl~bn&
71>û 71-> = 71 %>- ->( = 715
[ebf sgh|hfk q`{bs| `j ~bf ~` gf buq`fbf~$ ~eb
buq`fbf~| gsb mrd~hqdhbn&
%71>(< = 71 %>u<( = 7173
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75
Gnnhfk gfn \rc~sgl~hfk Frmcbs|
[ebf gnnhfk `s |rc~sgl~hfk frmcbs|$ x`rs jhfgd
gf|{bs |e`rdn egzb ~eb |gmb frmcbs `j nblhmgd
qdglb| g| ~eb frmcbs js`m ~eb qs`cdbm {h~e ~eb
jb{b|~ nblhmgd qdglb|
7&;
1& <<
)7<&781
72&3 31 72&3
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78
\hkfhjhlgf~ Jhkrsb|
Gnnh~h`f `s \rc~sgl~h`f
^eb gf|{bs lgff`~ egzb m`sb nhkh~| ~` ~eb shke~ `j ~eb nblhmgdq`hf~ ~egf gfx `j ~eb `shkhfgd frmcbs|&
58&<<37&7)
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<&;1
-3&87<<1&;5:;
~{` |hkfhjhlgf~ jhkrsb| gj~bs nblhmgd q`hf~
s`rfn `jj ~` 1&;8
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31
Mrd~hqdxhfk gfn Nhzhnhfk Frmcbs|
[ebf mrd~hqdxhfk `s nhzhnhfk frmcbs|$ x`rs jhfgd
gf|{bs |e`rdn egzb ~eb |gmb frmcbs `j
|hkfhjhlgf~ nhkh~| g| frmcbs js`m ~eb lgdlrdg~h`f
{h~e ~eb jb{b|~ |hkfhjhlgf~ nhkh~|
7&;:5 u 7&3< = 3&7;>:> = 3&7;
<&:58 û 7&< = 3&5 <;:8 = 3&5
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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37
\hkfhjhlgf~ Jhkrsb|
Mrd~hqdhlg~h`f `s Nhzh|h`f
^eb frmcbs `j |hkfhjhlgf~ jhkrsb| hf ~eb sb|rd~ h| |b~ cx ~eb`shkhfgd frmcbs ~eg~ eg| ~eb |mgddb|~ frmcbs `j |hkfhjhlgf~jhkrsb|
>&27 u <&:::: = 7:&2<:<::= 7:&2
< |hk jhk| s`rfn ~`< |hk jhk|
:&5û
773&1> = 1&1:1:83:
3 |hk jhk| s`rfn ~`3 |hk jhk|
= 1&1:7
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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33
\hkfhjhlgf~ Jhkrsb|
Bugl~ Frmcbs|
Frmcbs| js`m nbjhfh~h`f| `s frmcbs| `j `cobl~| gsb l`f|hnbsbn~` egzb gf hfjhfh~b frmcbs `j |hkfhjhlgf~ jhkrsb|
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:&:> ) :&:5 ) :&;1
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= ;
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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Mhuhfk gnnh~h`f|rc~sgl~h`f {h~emrd~hqdhlg~h`f gfn nhzh|h`f
L`mqdb~b gdd `j ~eb gnnh~h`f|rc~sgl~h`f jhs|~$ ~ebf
l`mqdb~b ~eb mrd~hqdhlg~h`fnhzh|h`f %s`rfn gj~bs ~eb
gnn|rc gfn gj~bs ~eb mrd~nhz|(
7&<>2:;;5 )3&5;:2
7&5
>&3333 = 3&<>2::: = 3&<
7&5
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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Q`{bs| `j ~bf {h~e gnnh~h`f|rc~sgl~h`fgfn`s mrd~hqdhlg~h`fnhzh|h`f
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;&2> u 71-2 %8&8 u 71317 ) 7&32 u 71317(
%7&;2u 71-<(<
;&2> u 71-2 %77&3 u 71317(
%7&;2u 71-<(<
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32
Q`{bs| `j ~bf {h~e gnnh~h`f|rc~sgl~h`fgfn`s mrd~hqdhlg~h`fnhzh|h`f
;&2> u 71-2 %77&3 u 71317(
2&<: u 71-8
;&2> u 77&3 u 71-2 u 71317
2&<: 71-8
72&;22 u 71312
7&25 u 7131:
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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3:
\H Cg|b Rfh~|
Wrgf~h~x Rfh~\xmc`d
dbfk~e mb~bs mmg|| ihd`ksgm ik
~hmb |bl`fn |
lrssbf~ gmqbsb G
~bmqbsg~rsb Ibdzhf I
gm~& |rc|~gflb m`db m`d
Nbshzbn \H Rfh~|
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3;
Nbshzbn \H Rfh~|Wrgf~h~x Nbjhfh~h`f `j Wrgf~h~x \H rfh~
Gsbg Dbfk~e |wrgsbn m3
Z drmb Dbfk~e lrcbn m<
Nbf|h~x Mg|| qbs rfh~ z`drmb ikm<
\qbbn Nh|~gflb ~sgzbdbn qbs rfh~ ~hmb m|
Gllbdbsg~h`f \qbbn legfkbn qbs rfh~ ~hmb m|3
J`slb Mg|| ~hmb| gllbdbsg~h`f j `cobl~ ik / m|3
% =fb{~`f$ F(
Qsb||rsb J`slb qbs rfh~ gsbg ik%m|3(
% = qg|lgd$
Qg(
Bfbskx J`slb ~hmb| nh|~gflb ~sgzbdbn ik / m3 |3
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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35
\H Qsbjhub| %Mb~shl(Fgmb \xmc`d Mrd~hqdhbsmbkg M 71 :
ihd` i 71 <
nbig ng 71
nblh n 71-7
lbf~h l 71-3
mhddh m 71-<
‣ mhls` 71-:
‣ fgf` f 71-8
‣ qhl` q 71-73
‣ jbm~` j 71-72
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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38
Sbdg~h`f|ehq| `j \`mb R&\& gfn Mb~shlRfh~|
Dbfk~e
7 m = <8&<; hfleb|
3&2> lm = 7 hfle 7 mhdb = 2351 j~
Z`drmb
7 dh~bs = 7&1: w~
7 w~ = 1&8>: dh~bs > w~ = 7 kgd
\bb ^gcdb 7&2 j`s m`sb l`fzbs|h`f jgl~`s|
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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<1
R|b `j Frmcbs|
Bugl~ frmcbs|
7 n`bf = 73 ~ehfk| j`s bugmqdb
Gllrsglx e`{ ld`|bdx mbg|rsbn zgdrb| gksbb {h~e
~eb l`ssbl~ zgdrb
Qsblh|h`f e`{ ld`|bdx hfnhzhnrgd mbg|rsbmbf~| gksbb
{h~e bgle `~ebs
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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<7
Gllrsglx “ e`{ ld`|b g mbg|rsbmbf~ h| ~` ~eb ~srb zgdrb
Qsblh|h`f “ e`{ ld`|b g |b~ `j mbg|rsbmbf~| gsb ~` bgle `~ebs
gllrsg~b*
qsblh|b
qsblh|bcr~
f`~ gllrsg~b
f`~ gllrsg~b*
f`~ qsblh|b
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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<3
^eb |qbbn `j |`rfn hf ghs h| gc`r~ <>< m|& [eg~ h|~eh| |qbbn hf mhdb| qbs e`rs0
7 mh = 7:18 m 7 mhf = :1 | 7 e`rs = :1 mhf
<><m|
u7 mh
7:18 m
:1 |
7 mhf
u:1 mhf
7 e`rs
u = ;:;mh
e`rs
mb~bs| ~` mhdb||bl`fn| ~` e`rs|
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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^eb Jgl~`s Dgcbd Mb~e`n
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8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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^eb Jgl~`s Dgcbd Mb~e`nBuqsb|| :3; mhddhdh~bs| hf kgdd`f|&
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8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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^eb Jgl~`s Dgcbd Mb~e`n
Buqsb|| <&21 %|e`s~( ~`f| hf ksgm|&
k71u75&<
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:
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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^eb Jgl~`s Dgcbd Mb~e`nBuqsb|| 3&:7 u 71> lm3 hf j~3&
33
333>3
j~35&7j~835&18<51:7
(hf73
j~7%(
lm3&2>
hf7%lm713&:7j~0
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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^eb Jgl~`s Dgcbd Mb~e`n
Buqsb|| 3&:7 j~< hf lm<&
<><
<<<<
lm71;&<8lm;<81:&8:8:
(hf7
lm3&2>%(j~7hf73%j~3&:7lm0
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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<5
Nbf|h~x gfn \qblhjhl Ksgzh~x
nbf|h~x = mg||z`drmb
\qblhjhl ksgzh~x = nbf|h~x|rc|~gflb
nbf|h~x{g~bs
\qblhjhl ksgzh~x = e`{ nbf|b x`rs |rc|~gflb h|sbdg~hzb ~` {g~bs
n
m
z
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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Nbf|h~x gfn \qblhjhl Ksgzh~xLgdlrdg~b ~eb nbf|h~x `j g |rc|~gflb hj ;>3 ksgm| `j h~ `llrqhb| 8;&< lm<&
Zm nbf|h~x
mD<&8;lm8;&< mD7lm7 <<
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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Nbf|h~x gfn \qblhjhl Ksgzh~xLgdlrdg~b ~eb nbf|h~x `j g |rc|~gflb hj ;>3 ksgm| `j h~ `llrqhb| 8;&< lm<&
k/mD;&:<nbf|h~x
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m nbf|h~x
mD<&8;lm8;&< mD7lm7 <<
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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>7
Nbf|h~x gfn \qblhjhl Ksgzh~x
\rqq`|b x`r fbbn 732 k `j g l`ss`|hzbdhwrhn j`s g sbgl~h`f& [eg~ z`drmb n`
x`r fbbn0 dhwrhn‘| nbf|h~x = 7&<3 k/mD
mD8>&;
7&<3
k732Z
nbf|h~x
mZ
Z
mnbf|h~x
mD
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8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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>3
Nbf|h~x gfn \qblhjhl Ksgzh~x G <7&71 ksgm qhblb `j les`mhrm h| nhqqbn hf~` gksgnrg~bn lxdhfnbs ~eg~ l`f~ghf| 2&11 mD `j
{g~bs& ^eb {g~bs dbzbd sh|b| ~` 8&<3 mD& [eg~ h|~eb |qblhjhl ksgzh~x `j les`mhrm0
31&; 7&11
;&31Lsj Ksgzh~x\qblhjhl
mDk ;&31
mDk ;&7881;
mD>&<3
k<7&71 Lsj nbf|h~x
mDk
mDk
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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><
Ebg~ gfn ^bmqbsg~rsb
Ebg~ gfn ^bmqbsg~rsbgsb f`~ ~eb |gmb ~ehfk
^ h| g mbg|rsb `j ~ebhf~bf|h~x `j ebg~ hf gc`nx
< l`mm`f ~bmqbsg~rsb|lgdb| - gdd r|b {g~bs g|g sbjbsbflb
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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Sbdg~h`f|ehq| `j ~eb ^esbb
^bmqbsg~rsb \lgdb|
3;<IL
`s 3;<LI
hq|Sbdg~h`f|eLbf~hksgnbgfnIbdzhf
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8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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>2
Sbdg~h`f|ehq| `j ~eb ^esbb
^bmqbsg~rsb \lgdb|
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s
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8
71
75
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8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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>:
L`fzbs~ 7;3&8 1J ~` nbksbb| Lbd|hr|&
1
J = %7&5 u1
L( ) <3
1J “ <3 = %7&5 u 1L(
%1J “ <3( = 1L7&5
1L = %7;3&8 “ <3( = ;5&<7&5
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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Legq~bs 3G~`m|$ M`dblrdb|$ gfn H`f|
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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Qbsh`nhl ^gcdb? Bdbmbf~|
:
L73&177
G~`mhl frmcbs =
~eb frmcbs `j qs`~`f|
G~`mhl mg|| =
[bhke~ sbdg~hzb ~``fb m`db
Lebmhlgd |xmc`d
H|`~`qb|
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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H|`~`qb| “ g~`m| {e`|b frldbh egzb ~eb |gmb g~`mhl frmcbscr~ nhjjbsbf~ mg|| frmcbs|
21
Ls3>
Mg|| frmcbs =Qs`~`f| )fbr~s`f|
G~`mhl frmcbs
23
Ls3>
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Ls3>
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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Lgdlrdg~hfk Gzbsgkb G~`mhl Mg||Mg|| frmcbs H|`~`qb Mg||
"Gcrfngflb21 >8&8>:7
>&<2"
23 27&8>12
5<&;8"2< 23&8>1;
8&21"
2> 2<&8<58
3&<:"
>8&8>:7 u 1&1><2 = 3&7;
27&8>12 u 1&5<;8 =><&2323&8>1; u 1&1821 = 2&1<2<&8<58 u 1&13<: = 7&3;
27&88
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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‣ B||bf~hgddx gdd bdbmbf~| l`mchfb ~` j`sm
l`mq`rfn|
‣ L`mq`rfn| gsb `j ~{` ~xqb|? “ M`dblrdgs$ {ehle hfz`dzb |egsbn bdbl~s`f| gfn l`f|h|~
`j bdbl~shlgddx fbr~sgd$ nh|lsb~b qgs~hldb| lgddbnm`dblrdb|
“ H`fhl l`mq`rfn|$ {ehle hfz`dzb bdbl~s`f ~sgf|jbs gfn
legskbn qgs~hldb| lgddbn h`f|
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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G m`dblrdb h| gf gkksbkg~b `j ~{` `s m`sb g~`m| hf g nbjhfh~bgssgfkbmbf~ ebdn ~`kb~ebs cx lebmhlgd c`fn|
E3 E3@ FE< LE>
G nhg~`mhl m`dblrdb l`f~ghf| `fdx ~{` g~`m|
E3$ F3$ @3$ J3$ Ld3$ Cs3$ H3
G q`dxg~`mhl m`dblrdb l`f~ghf| m`sb ~egf ~{` g~`m|
@<$ E3@$ FE<$ LE>
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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‣ Lebmhlgd j`smrdg| |qblhjx ~eb l`mq`|h~h`f
`j g |rc|~gflb‣ FgLd h| l`mq`|bn `j ~eb bdbmbf~| |`nhrm gfn
led`shfb hf g `fb-~`-`fb %g~`m( sg~h`
‣ Jb3@< h| l`mq`|bn `j ~eb bdbmbf~| hs`f gfn `uxkbf
hf g ~{`-~`-~esbb sg~h`‣ L@%FE3(3 h| l`mq`|bn `j ~eb bdbmbf~| lgsc`f$
`uxkbf$ fh~s`kbf$ gfn exns`kbf
‣ Exnsg~b| gsb lsx|~gd| ~eg~ l`f~ghf {g~bs m`dblrdb|$
j`s bugmqdb qdg|~bs? Lg\@> ‣ 3E3@ “ [ebf gdd ~eb {g~bs h| sbm`zbn %cx ebg~hfk($ ~eb |`dhn ~eg~
sbmghf| h| |ghn ~` cb gfexns`r| %{h~e`r~ {g~bs(
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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L`rf~hfk G~`m| hf j`smrdg|E`{ mgfx g~`m| `j bgle bdbmbf~ gsb sbqsb|bf~bn cx^eb j`smrdg| %g( Gd3%\@>(< gfn %c( L`Ld3 ‣:E3@
3 g~`m| `j Gd< g~`m| `j \73 g~`m| `j @
7 g~`m L`
3 g~`m| Ld73 g~`m| E: g~`m @
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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‣ Lebmhlgd bwrg~h`f| nb|lshcb {eg~ egqqbf|
hf g lebmhlgd sbgl~h`f|
‣ Exns`kbf gfn `uxkbf l`mchfb ~` j`sm
{g~bs
‣ Exns`kbf gfn `uxkbf gsb lgddbn sbgl~gf~|
‣ [g~bs h| lgddbn ~eb qs`nrl~
‣ Sbgl~gf~| gsb |bqgsg~bn js`m qs`nrl~| {h~e —”
“ 3 E3 ) @3 3 E3@
‣ F`~b ~eg~ ~eb —
” h| dhib gf bwrgd |hkf cblgr|b c`~e|hnb| `j ~eb bwrg~h`f egzb ~eb |gmb frmcbs `j bgle
~xqb `j g~`m
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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‣ ^eh| lgf cb sbqsb|bf~bn g|?
F`~b? Mg|| h| l`f|bszbn cblgr|b ~ebfrmcbs `j g~`m| `j bgle ~xqb sbmghf|
~eb |gmb `f bgle |hnb `j ~eb gss`{&
%C`~e |hnb| `j ~eb gss`{ |e`{ > E gfn
3 @ g~`m|&( ^eh| bwrg~h`f h| |ghn ~` cb
cgdgflbn&
^eb —3” hf js`f~ `j j`smrdg| E3 gfn E3@ gsb lgddbn
l`bjjhlhbf~|& ^ebx hfnhlg~b ~eb frmcbs `j m`dblrdb| `j bgle
~xqb gfn lgf legfkb {ebf cgdgflhfk g lebmhlgd bwrg~h`f&
^eb —3” hf ~eb j`smrdg| E3 gfn E3@ hfnhlg~b g~`m sg~h`| j`s
~eb l`mq`rfn gfn mr|~ f`~ legfkb&
^` cgdgflb ~eb bwrg~h`f$ x`r |bdbl~ l`bjjhlhbf~|
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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` cg g lb ~ b bwrg~ ` $ x`r |b bl~ l`b l b ~|~eg~ {hdd mgib ~eb frmcbs| `j g~`m| `j bglebdbmbf~ bwrgd `f c`~e |hnb| `j ~eb bwrg~h`f
L<E5 ) @3 L@3 ) E3@
Sbgl~gf~ \hnb Qs`nrl~\hnb
L=< L=7
E=5 E=3
@=3 @=<
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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‣ H~ h| |`mb~hmb| r|bjrd ~` hfldrnb ~eb
qex|hlgd |~g~b `j sbgl~gf~| gfn qs`nrl~|‣ J`s |`dhn| r|b |$ dhwrhn| r|b d$ kg|b| r|b k$ gfn j`s
gwrb`r| |`dr~h`f| r|b gw&
‣ J`s bugmqdb$ ~eb sbgl~h`f cb~{bbf |~`mgle
glhn %gf gwrb`r| |`dr~h`f `j ELd( gfn|`nhrm lgsc`fg~b %gf gf~glhn( lgf cb
{sh~~bf
3 ELd%gw( ) LgL@<%|( LgLd3%gw( ) E3@%d( )L@3%k(
F`~b? X`r lgf zbshjx ~eh| bwrg~h`f h| cgdgflbn cx leblihfk j`s
mg|| cgdgflb? bgle |hnb |e`{| 7 Lg$ 7 L$ 3 Ld$ 3 E$ gfn < @&
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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‣ G| g kbfbsgd srdb$ m`dblrdgs l`mq`rfn| gsb
j`smbn {ebf f`fmb~gddhl bdbmbf~| l`mchfb
‣ Mgfx m`dblrdgs l`mq`rfn| l`f~ghf
exns`kbf?
‣
‣
‣
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Ks`rq F`cdb
Qbsh`n HZG ZG ZHG ZHHG Kg|3 LE> FE< E3@ EJ Fb
< \hE> QE< E3\ ELd Gs
> KbE> G|E< E3\b ECs Is
2 \cE< E3 b EH Ub
F`~b? ^eb frmcbs `j exns`kbf| ~eg~ l`mchfbn {h~e ~eb f`fmb~gd
bwrgd| ~eb frmcbs `j |qglb| ~` ~eb shke~ {b egzb ~` m`zb ~` kb~ ~`
~eb f`cdb kg|
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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‣ @skgfhl lebmh|~sx h| g mgo`s |qblhgd~x ~eg~
nbgd| {h~e l`mq`rfn| l`f~ghfhfk m`|~dxlgsc`f gfn exns`kbf
‣ Exns`lgsc`f| l`f~ghf `fdx exns`kbf gfn
lgsc`f gfn gsb `skgfhl l`mq`rfn|
‣ Gdigfb| gsb ~eb |hmqdb|~ exns`lgsc`f| “ Kbfbsgd j`smrdg h| LfE3f)3
\qglb-jhddhfk m`nbd|?Cdgli g~`m| = lgsc`f
[eh~b g~`m| = exns`kbf
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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‣ @~ebs ldg||b| `j exns`lgsc`f| buh|~
‣ Nhjjbsbf~ ldg||b| `j `skgfhl l`mq`rfn| gsbnbshzbn js`m exns`lgsc`f| cx sbqdglhfk
exns`kbf
‣ J`s bugmqdb gdl`e`d| sb|rd~ {ebf g E h|sbqdglbn cx @E hf g exns`lgsc`f
Mb~egf`d %{``n gdl`e`d($
LE<@E$ h| sbdg~bn ~` mb~egfb$
LE>$ cx sbqdglhfk `fb E {h~e@E&
Gf h`f h| gf g~`m `s ks`rq `j g~`m| ~eg~ eg| g fb~ q`|h~hzb
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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Gf h`f h| gf g~`m$ `s ks`rq `j g~`m|$ ~eg~ eg| g fb~ q`|h~hzb`s fbkg~hzb legskb&
lg~h`f “ h`f {h~e g q`|h~hzb legskbHj g fbr~sgd g~`m d`|b| `fb `s m`sb bdbl~s`f|h~ cbl`mb| g lg~h`f&
gfh`f “ h`f {h~e g fbkg~hzb legskbHj g fbr~sgd g~`m kghf| `fb `s m`sb bdbl~s`f|h~ cbl`mb| gf gfh`f&
Fg77 qs`~`f|77 bdbl~s`f| Fg) 77 qs`~`f|71 bdbl~s`f|
Ld 7; qs`~`f|7; bdbl~s`f| Ld-
7; qs`~`f|75 bdbl~s`f|
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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H`f|
Mgkfb|hrm %Mk( eg| 73 qs`~`f|
)q )q )q )q )q)q )q)q )q )q )q )q
-b-b-b -b-b -b -b-b-b -b-b -b
Mgkfb|hrm eg| g ~bfnbflx ~` j`sm gf h`f {h~e gq`|h~hzb legskb hfnhlg~hfk ~eg~ bdbl~s`f| egzb cbbf d`||
Mk 3)
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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G m`fg~`mhl h`f l`f~ghf| `fdx `fb g~`m
G q`dxg~`mhl h`f l`f~ghf| m`sb ~egf `fb g~`m
Fg)$ Ld-$ Lg3)$ @3-$ Gd<)$ F<-
@E-$ LF-$ FE>)$ F@<
-
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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Srdb| j`s F`mbfldg~rsb
H`fhl L`mq`rfn|
%7( Fgmb ~eb mb~gd jhs|~ {h~e h~‘| `shkhfgd
fgmb%3( Fgmb ~eb f`fmb~gd {h~e ~eb |rjjhu —“hnb”
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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Srdb| j`s F`mbfldg~rsb
L`zgdbf~M`dblrdgs L`mq`rfn|
%7( Fgmb ~eb jhs|~ bdbmbf~ hf ~eb j`smrdg
{h~e h~‘| `shkhfgd fgmb%3( Fgmb ~eb |bl`fn bdbmbf~ hf ~ebj`smrdg {h~e ~eb |rjjhu —-hnb”
%<( R|b ksbbi qsbjhub| ~` nbf`~b e`{mgfx `j bgle bdbmbf~ gsb qsb|bf~
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-1045-chemistry-i-slides 69/371
‣ ^eb frmcbs `j bgle ~xqb `j g~`m h|
|qblhjhbn {h~e Ksbbi qsbjhub|
Ksbbi Qsbjhub|
m`f`- = 7 %`j~bf mh~~bn( ebug- = :
nh- = 3 ebq~g- = ;
~sh- = < `l~g- = 5~b~sg- = > f`fg- = 8
qbf~g- = 2 nblg- = 71
Bugmqdb|?QJ2 = qe`|qe`sr| qbf~gjdr`shnb
L@3 = lgsc`f nh`uhnb
F3@2 = nhfh~s`kbf qbf~`uhnb
F`~b? mgfxl`mq`rfn| egzb
l`mm`f fgmb|$ dhib
{g~bs j`s E3@&
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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\ d h h %h h e
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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‣ \`mb q`dxg~`mhl h`f| %h`f| {h~e ~{` `s
m`sb g~`m|(?
‣
‣
H`f Fgmb H`f FgmbFE>
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3-lgsc`fg~b h`f
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fh~sh~b h`f \@<3-
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fh~sg~b h`f \@>
3-
|rdjg~b h`fLd@3
-led`sh~b h`f Ls@>
3-les`mg~b h`f
Ld@<-
led`sg~b h`f Ls3@;3-
nhles`mg~b h`f
Q@><-
qe`|qeg~b h`f
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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‣ ^` fgmb g l`mq`rfn$ x`r lgf r|b ~eh|
jd`{legs~?
)7 1
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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)3 )< ·> -< -3 -7
H`fhl Legskb|
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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J`smrdg `j H`fhl L`mq`rfn|
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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J`smrdg `j H`fhl L`mq`rfn|
Gd3@<
Gd<) @3-
LgCs3
Lg3) Cs-
Fg3L@<
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8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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\`mb Q`dxg~`mhl H`f|
FE>)
gmm`fhrm \@>3-
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Ls@>3- les`mg~b @E- exns`uhnb
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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Qs`cdbm|
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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Qs`cdbm|
Fgmb ~eb j`dd`{hfk l`mq`rfn|?
DhJ
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8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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Qs`cdbm|
Khzb ~eb l`ssbl~ lebmhlgd j`smrdg j`s~eb j`dd`{hfk l`mq`rfn|
Lgdlhrm cs`mhnb
\~s`f~hrm qe`|qehnb
Q`~g||hrm |rdjg~b
Lgsc`f ~b~sgled`shnb
Dh~ehrm |bdbfhnb
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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Gf glhn lgf cb nbjhfbn g| g |rc|~gflb ~eg~ xhbdn|
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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xexns`kbf h`f| %E)( {ebf nh||`dzbn hf {g~bs&
ELd‣Qrsb |rc|~gflb$ exns`kbf led`shnb‣Nh||`dzbn hf {g~bs %E) Ld-($ exns`led`shl glhn
Gf `u`glhn h| gf glhn ~eg~ l`f~ghf| exns`kbf$ `uxkbf$ gfngf`~ebs bdbmbf~&
EF@< fh~shl glhn
E3L@< lgsc`fhl glhn
E3\@> |rdjrshl glhn
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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Fgmhfk Glhn|
Glhn| ~eg~ l`f~ghf g m`fg~`mhl gfh`fsblbhzb ~eb qsbjhu —exns`-” gfn ~eb
|rjjhu —-hl” ELd %gw( exns`led`shl
ECs %gw( exns`cs`mhl
EH %gw( exns`h`nhl
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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Fgmhfk Glhn| L`f~‘n
Glhn| ~eg~ l`f~ghf g q`dxg~`mhl gfh`fbfnhfk hf —-h~b” sblbhzb| ~eb |rjjhu —-
`r|” E3\@< %gw( |rdjrs`r|
E<Q@< %gw( qe`|qe`s`r|
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8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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H`fhl l`mq`rfn| ~eg~ nh||`dzb hf {g~bs
gd{gx| qs`nrlb |`dr~h`f| ~eg~ gsb |~s`fkbdbl~s`dx~b|&
M`dblrdgs l`mq`rfn| ~eg~ nh||`dzb hf{g~bs mgx qs`nrlb f`fbdbl~s`dx~b|${bgi bdbl~s`dx~b| %{bgi glhn| `s cg|b|($`s |~s`fk bdbl~s`dx~b| %|~s`fk glhn|(&
L`fnrl~ bdbl~shlh~x hf |`dr~h`f0
L ~h % ( n G h % (
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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\~s`fk Bdbl~s`dx~b “ 711" nh||`lhg~h`f
FgLd %| ( Fg) %gw ( ) Ld- %gw (E3@
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s
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F ~h % ( n h % ( h d ~h
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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F` lg~h`f| %)( gfn gfh`f| %-( hf |`dr~h`f
L:E73@: %| ( L:E73@: %gw (E3@
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[g~bs‘| q`{bs g| gf h`fhhfk
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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[g~bs | q`{bs g| gf h`fhhfk
|`dzbf~ sb|rd~| js`m ~ebnh|~shcr~h`f `j h~| bdbl~s`f| gfnh~| `zbsgdd |egqb&
G q`dgs m`dblrdb h| `fb ~eg~ eg| g) bfn gfn g - bfn& [g~bs h| `fb`j ~eb m`|~ q`dgs m`dblrdb|&
Exnsg~h`f h| ~eb qs`lb|| hf {ehle gf h`f h| |rss`rfnbncx {g~bs m`dblrdb| gssgfkbn hf g |qblhjhl mgffbs&
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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cx {g~bs m`dblrdb| gssgfkbn hf g |qblhjhl mgffbs&
n
n
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^eb \`drchdh~x `j H`fhl L`mq`rfn| hf [g~b
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8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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^eb |`drchdh~x `j h`fhl l`mq`rfn| hf {g~bs nbqbfn| rq`f ~eb sbdg~hzb
|~sbfk~e| `j ~eb bdbl~shlgd j`slb| cb~{bbf h`f| hf ~eb h`fhl l`mq`rfn
gfn ~eb g~~sgl~hzb j`slb| cb~{bbf ~eb h`f| gfn {g~bs m`dblrdb| hf ~eb|`dzbf~& ^ebsb h| g ~sbmbfn`r| sgfkb hf ~eb |`drchdh~x `j h`fhl
l`mq`rfn| hf {g~bs' ^eb |`drchdh~x `j |` lgddbn —hf|`drcdb” l`mq`rfn|
mgx cb |bzbsgd `snbs| `j mgkfh~rnb db|| ~egf `fb| ~eg~ gsb lgddbn
—|`drcdb” hf {g~bs$ j`s bugmqdb?
\`drchdh~x `j FgLd hf {g~bs g~ 31`L = <:2 kD
\`drchdh~x `j MkLd3 hf {g~bs g~ 31`L = 2>3&2 kD
\`drchdh~x j GdLd< hf {g~bs g~ 31`L = :88 kD
\`drchdh~x j QcLd3 hf {g~bs g~ 31`L = 8&8 kD\`drchdh~x `j GkLd hf {g~bs g~ 31`L = 1&118 kD
\`drchdh~x `j LrLd hf {g~bs g~ 31`L = 1&11:3 kD
Qsblhqh~g~h`f Sbgl~h`f|
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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Qsblhqh~g~b “ hf|`drcdb |`dhn ~eg~ |bqgsg~b| js`m |`dr~h`f
m`dblrdgs bwrg~h`f
h`fhl bwrg~h`f
fb~ h`fhl bwrg~h`f
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[sh~hfk Fb~ H`fhl Bwrg~h`f|
7 [sh~b ~eb cgdgflbn m`dblrdgs bwrg~h`f
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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7& [sh~b ~eb cgdgflbn m`dblrdgs bwrg~h`f&
3& Nb~bsmhfb qsblhqh~g~b js`m |`drchdh~x srdb|
<& [sh~b ~eb h`fhl bwrg~h`f |e`{hfk ~eb |`drcdb |~s`fkbdbl~s`dx~b| g| h`f|&
>& Lgflbd ~eb |qbl~g~`s h`f| `f c`~e |hnb| `j ~eb h`fhl bwrg~h`f
GkF@< %gw ( ) FgLd %gw ( GkLd %| ( ) FgF@< %gw (
Gk) ) F@<- ) Fg) ) Ld- GkLd %| ( ) Fg) ) F@<
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[sh~b ~eb fb~ h`fhl bwrg~h`f j`s ~eb sbgl~h`f `j |hdzbsfh~sg~b |`dr~h`f {h~e |`nhrm led`shnb |`dr~h`f&
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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M`dblrdgs Bwrg~h`f? sbgl~gf~| gfn qs`nrl~| gsb
{sh~~bf g| hj ~ebx {bsb rfnh||`lhg~bn l`mq`rfn|&
^`~gd H`fhl Bwrg~h`f? gdd |`drcdb h`fhl |rc|~gflb|
%|~s`fk bdbl~s`dx~b|( gsb nh||`lhg~bn hf~` h`f|&
Fb~ H`fhl Bwrg~h`f? Bdhmhfg~b |qbl~g~`s h`f|&
%^eb|b gsb h`f| {ehle gsb rflegfkbn hf ~eb
lebmhlgd sbgl~h`f&(
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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Glhn|
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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Egzb g |`rs ~g|~b& Zhfbkgs `{b| h~| ~g|~b ~` glb~hl glhn& Lh~sr|jsrh~| l`f~ghf lh~shl glhn&
Sbgl~ {h~e lbs~ghf mb~gd| ~` qs`nrlb exns`kbf kg|&
Sbgl~ {h~e lgsc`fg~b| gfn chlgsc`fg~b| ~` qs`nrlb lgsc`fnh`uhnb kg|
Egzb g ch~~bs ~g|~b&
Jbbd |dhqqbsx& Mgfx |`gq| l`f~ghf cg|b|&
Cg|b|
Gssebfhr| glhn h| g |rc|~gflb ~eg~ qs`nrlb| E) %E<@)( hf {g~bs
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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Gssebfhr| cg|b h| g |rc|~gflb ~eg~ qs`nrlb| @E- hf {g~bs
G Csõf|~bn glhn h| g qs`~`f n`f`s
G Csõf|~bn cg|b h| g qs`~`f gllbq~`s
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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G Csõf|~bn cg|b h| g qs`~`f gllbq~`s
glhncg|b glhn cg|b
G Csõf|~bn glhn mr|~ l`f~ghf g~ dbg|~ `fbh`fhgcdb qs`~`f'
M`f`qs`~hl glhn|
ELd E) ) Ld- \~s`fk bdbl~s`dx~b$ |~s`fk g
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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EF@< E) ) F@<-
LE<L@@E E) ) LE<L@@-
k x $ k
\~s`fk bdbl~s`dx~b$ |~s`fk g
[bgi bdbl~s`dx~b$ {bgi glh
Nhqs`~hl glhn|
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) E\@>
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^shqs`~hl glhn|
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[bgi bdbl~s`dx~b$ {bgi glh
[bgi bdbl~s`dx~b$ {bgi glh
Fbr~sgdhg~h`f Sbgl~h`f
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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glhn ) cg|b |gd~ ) {g~bs
ELd %gw ( ) Fg@E %gw ( FgLd %gw ( ) E3@
E) ) Ld- ) Fg) ) @E- Fg) ) Ld- ) E3@
E) ) @E- E3
@
[sh~hfk Cgdgflbn Bwrg~h`f| j`sFbr~sgdhg~h`f Sbgl~h`f|
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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Qs`cdbm? [sh~b cgdgflbn lebmhlgd bwrg~h`f| %m`dblrdgs$
~`~gd h`fhl$ gfn fb~ h`fhl( j`s ~eb j`dd`{hfklebmhlgd sbgl~h`f|?
g( cgshrm exns`uhnb%gw( gfn exns`h`nhl glhn%gw(
c( dh~ehrm exns`uhnb%gw( gfn fh~shl glhn%gw(l( |`nhrm exns`uhnb%gw( gfn |rdjrshl glhn%gw(
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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@uhng~h`f-Sbnrl~h`f Sbgl~h`f|%bdbl~s`f ~sgf|jbs sbgl~h`f|(
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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% (
3Mk %| ( ) @3 %k ( 3Mk@ %| (
3Mk 3Mk3) ) >b-
@3 ) >b- 3@3-
@uhng~h`f egdj-sbgl~h`f %d`|b b-
Sbnrl~h`f egdj-sbgl~h`f %kghf b-
3Mk ) @3 ) >b- 3Mk3) ) 3@3- ) >b-
3Mk ) @3 3Mk@
g~`m {`rdn egzb hj ~eb |egsbnbdbl~s`f| {bsb ~sgf|jbssbn
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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l`mqdb~bdx ~` ~eb g~`m {h~e ~ebksbg~bs g~~sgl~h`f j`s ~ebbdbl~s`f|&
Gf hflsbg|b hf `uhng~h`f frmcbshfnhlg~b| `uhng~h`f&
G nblsbg|b hf `uhng~h`f frmcbshfnhlg~b| sbnrl~h`f&
@uhng~h`f frmcbs
^e e ~e ~ dn e h d d %
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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^eb legskb ~eb g~`m {`rdn egzb hf g m`dblrdb %`s gfh`fhl l`mq`rfn( hj bdbl~s`f| {bsb l`mqdb~bdx ~sgf|jbssbn&
7& Jsbb bdbmbf~| %rfl`mchfbn |~g~b( egzb gf `uhng~h`ffrmcbs `j bs`&
Fg$ Cb$ I$ Qc$ E3$ @3$ Q> = 1
3& Hf m`fg~`mhl h`f|$ ~eb uhng~h`f frmcbs h| bwrgd ~`~eb legskb `f ~eb h`f&
Dh)$ Dh = )79 Jb<)$ Jb = )<9 @3-$ @ = -3
<& ^eb `uhng~h`f frmcbs `j `uxkbf h| r|rgddx “3& Hf E3@3
gfn @33- h~ h| “7&
>& ^eb `uhng~h`f frmcbs `j exns`kbf h| )7 bulbq~ {ebfh~ h| c`fnbn ~` mb~gd| hf chfgsx l`mq`rfn|& Hf ~eb|blg|b|$ h~| `uhng~h`f frmcbs h| “7&
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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lg|b|$ h~| `uhng~h`f frmcbs h| 7&
:& ^eb |rm `j ~eb `uhng~h`f frmcbs| `j gdd ~eb g~`m| hf
g m`dblrdb `s h`f h| bwrgd ~` ~eb legskb `f ~ebm`dblrdb `s h`f&
2& Ks`rq 7 mb~gd| gsb )7$ ks`rq 3 mb~gd| gsb )3 gfnjdr`shfb h| gd{gx| “7&
@uhng~h`f frmcbs| `j gdd ~eb bdbmbf~| hfEL@<
-$ EF@<$ Fg<Q@>$ HJ;$ IH@<$ I 3Ls3@;$\@>
3- 0
^xqb| `j @uhng~h`f-Sbnrl~h`f Sbgl~h`f|
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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L`mchfg~h`f Sbgl~h`f G ) C L
\ ) @3 \@3
@uhnhbn0 Sbnrlbn0 @uhnhhfk gkbf~0 Sbnrlhfk gkbf~0Nbl`mq`|h~h`f Sbgl~h`f
3ILd@< 3ILd ) <@3
L G ) C
1 1 )> -3
)7)2 -3 )7 -7 1
^xqb| `j @uhng~h`f-Sbnrl~h`f Sbgl~h`f|
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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%\hfkdb( Nh|qdglbmbf~ Sbgl~h`f
G ) CL GL ) C
\s ) 3E3@ \s%@E(3 ) E3
^hLd> ) 3Mk ^h ) 3MkLd3
Ld3 ) 3ICs 3ILd ) Cs3
Exns`kbf Nh|qdglbmbf~
Mb~gd Nh|qdglbmbf~
Egd`kbf Nh|qdglbmbf~
1 )7 )3 1
1)> 1 )3
1 -7 -7 1
@uhnhbn0 Sbnrlbn0 @uhnhhfk gkbf~0 Sbnrlhfk gkbf~0
^eb Gl~hzh~x \bshb| j`s Mb~gd|
%\hfkdb( Nh|qdglbmbf~
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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M ) CL ML ) C
%\hfkdb( Nh|qdglbmbf~Sbgl~h`f
Sbgl~h`f {hdd `llrs `fdx
hj M h| gc`zb C&
Lg ) 3E3@ Lg%@E(3 ) E3
Qc ) 3E3@ Qc%@E(3 ) E3
_f %| ( ) Lr\@> %gw ( _f\@> %gw ( ) Lr %| (
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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_f h| `uhnhbn_f _f3) ) 3b-
Lr3) h| sbnrlbnLr3) ) 3b- Lr
_f h| ~eb sbnrlhfk gkbf~
Lr3) h| ~eb `uhnhhfk gkbf
Fhlibd {hsb sbgl~| {h~e |hdzbs fh~sg~b ~` j`sm |hdzbs mb~gd&[eg~ h| ~eb `uhnhhfk gkbf~ hf ~eb sbgl~h`f0
Fh %| ( ) 3GkF@< %gw ( Fh%F@<(3 %gw ( ) 3Gk %| (
Fh Fh3) ) 3b-
Gk) ) 7b- Gk Gk) h| sbnrlbn Gk) h| ~eb `uhnhhfk gkbf~
Fh h| `uhnhbn Fh h| ~eb sbnrlhfkgkbf~&
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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Ldg||hjx ~eb j`dd`{hfk sbgl~h`f|&
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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Lg3) ) L@<3- LgL@<%|(
FE< ) E) FE>)
_f ) 3ELd _fLd3 ) E3
Lg ) J3 LgJ3
Qsblhqh~g~h`f
Glhn-Cg|b
Sbn`u %E3 Nh|qdglbmbf~(
Sbn`u %L`mchfg~h`f(
\`dr~h`f \~`hleh`mb~sx
^eb l`flbf~sg~h`f `j g |`dr~h`f h| ~eb gm`rf~ `j
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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^eb l`flbf~sg~h`f `j g |`dr~h`f h| ~eb gm`rf~ `j
|`dr~b qsb|bf~ hf g khzbf wrgf~h~x `j |`dzbf~ `s |`dr~h`f&
M = m`dgsh~x =m`db| `j |`dr~b
dh~bs| `j |`dr~h`f
[eg~ mg|| `j IH h| sbwrhsbn ~` mgib 211& mD `j g 3&51 M IH |`dr~h`f0
z`drmb IH m`db| IH ksgm| IH
M IH M IH
211& mD = 3<3 k IH7:: k IH
7 m`d IHu
3&51 m`d IH
7 D |`dfu
7 D
7111 mDu
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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Nhdr~h`f h| ~eb qs`lbnrsb j`s qsbqgshfk g db|| l`flbf~sg~bn|`dr~h`f js`m g m`sb l`flbf~sg~bn |`dr~h`f&
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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Nhdr~h`f
Gnn \`dzbf~
M`db| `j |`dr~bcbj`sb nhdr~h`f %h(
M`db| `j |`dr~bgj~bs nhdr~h`f %j(=
M h Zh M j Zj =
E`{ {`rdn x`r qsbqgsb :1&1 mD `j 1&31 M EF@< js`m g |~`li |`dr~h`f `j >&11 M EF@<0
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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EF@< js`m g |~`li |`dr~h`f `j >&11 M EF@<0
M h Zh = M j Zj
M h = >&11 M j = 1&31 Zj = 1&1: D Zh = 0 D
Zh =M j Zj
M h=
1&31 M u :1&1 mD
>&11 M= <&1 mD
<&1 mD `j glhn ~` :1 mD `j |`dr~h`f
Ksgzhmb~shl Gfgdx|h|7& Nh||`dzb rfif`{f |rc|~gflb hf {g~bs
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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3& Sbgl~ rfif`{f {h~e if`{f |rc|~gflb ~` j`sm g qsblhqh~g~b
<& Jhd~bs gfn nsx qsblhqh~g~b
>& [bhke qsblhqh~g~b
2& R|b lebmhlgd j`smrdg gfn mg|| `j qsblhqh~g~b ~` nb~bsmhfb
gm`rf~ `j rfif`{f h`f
Z`drmb~shl Gfgdx|h| - ^h~sg~h`f|Hf g ~h~sg~h`f g |`dr~h`f `j gllrsg~bdx if`{f l`flbf~sg~h`f h|gnnbn ksgnrgddx gnnbn ~` gf`~ebs |`dr~h`f `j rfif`{f
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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gnnbn ksgnrgddx gnnbn ~` gf`~ebs |`dr~h`f `j rfif`{fl`flbf~sg~h`f rf~hd ~eb lebmhlgd sbgl~h`f cb~{bbf ~eb ~{`|`dr~h`f| h| l`mqdb~b&
Bwrhzgdbflb q`hf~ “ ~eb q`hf~ g~ {ehle ~eb sbgl~h`f h| l`mqdb~b
Hfnhlg~`s “ |rc|~gflb ~eg~ legfkb| l`d`s g~ %`s fbgs( ~ebbwrhzgdbflb q`hf~
\d`{dx gnn cg|b~` rfif`{f glhn
RF^HD
~eb hfnhlg~`slegfkb| l`d`s
[eg~ z`drmb `j g 7&>31 M Fg@E |`dr~h`f h|Sbwrhsbn ~` ~h~sg~b 32&11 mD `j g >&21 M E3\@>
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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Sbwrhsbn ~` ~h~sg~b 32&11 mD `j g >&21 M E3\@>
|`dr~h`f0
[SH^B ^EB LEBMHLGD BWRG^H@F'
z`drmb glhn m`db| glhn m`db| cg|b z`drmb cg|b
E3\@> ) 3Fg@E 3E3@ ) Fg3\@>
>&21 m`d E3\@>
7111 mD |`dfu
3 m`d Fg@E
7 m`d E3\@>
u7111 md |`df
7&>31 m`d Fg@Eu32&11 mD = 725 mD
M
glhn
su
l`bj&
M
cg|b
Legq~bs 2? Qs`qbs~hb| `j Kg|b|
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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q q
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IBm dblrdgsgzbsgkb
IBm dblrdgsgzbsgkb
^ ^ QZ
QZ
Ksgegm‘| dg{ sbwrhsb| ~eg~ ~eb sg~b `j bjjr|h`f j`s ~eb nhjjbsbf~ kg|b| cb
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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l`mqgsbn g~ ~eb |gmb ~bmqbsg~rsb gfnqsb||rsb
[ebf nhjjbsbf~ kg|b| egzb ~eb |gmb
~bmqbsg~rsb$ ~ebx egzb ~eb |gmbgzbsgkb ihfb~hl bfbskx
^eb gzbsgkb ihfb~hl bfbskx lgf cb
buqsb||bn hf ~bsm| `j ~eb gzbsgkb `j ~eb zbd`lh~hb| |wrgsbn `s s``~ mbgf|wrgsb
J ~e ~ d c d n 7 n 3
ksbgssgfkhf77 33
37
zmzm
IB IB
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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F`~b ~eg~ ebgzhbs kg|b| m`zb |d`{bs~egf dhke~bs kg|b|
`s {h~e
ksbgssgfkhf 33
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3
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^eb sg~b `j bjjr|h`f h| qs`q`s~h`fgd ~`~eb gzbsgkb m`dblrdgs |qbbn$ ~er|
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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~eb gzbsgkb m`dblrdgs |qbbn$ ~er|
^eb ihfb~hl ~eb`sx qsbnhl~| ~eg~gc|`dr~b bs` h| ~eb ~bmqbsg~rsb g~{ehle ~eb gzbsgkb ihfb~hl bfbskx `j gfhnbgd kg| h| bs`
Sbgd kg|b| buehch~ f`f-hnbgd cbegzh`s
7
3
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3(%kg|sg~bbjjr|h`f
7(%kg|sg~bbjjr|h`f
M
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z
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sm|
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Kg| \~`hleh`mb~sx
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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[eg~ h| ~eb z`drmb `j L@3 qs`nrlbn g~ <;1 L gfn 7&11g~m {ebf 2&:1 k `j kdrl`|b gsb r|bn rq hf ~eb sbgl~h`f?
L:E73@: %| ( ) :@3 %k ( :L@3 %k ( ) :E3@ %d (
k L:E73@: m`d L:E73@: m`d L@3 Z L@3
2&:1 k L:E73@:
7 m`d L:E73@:
751 k L:E
73@
:
u: m`d L@3
7 m`d L:E
73@
:
u = 1&75; m`d L@3
Z =fS^
Q
1&75; m`d u 1&1537 u <71&72 ID‣g~m
m`d‣I
7&11 g~m= = >&;: D
Hnbgd Kg| Dg{ gfn Sbgl~h`f\~`hleh`mb~sx
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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\`nhrm ghnb %FgF<( h| r|bn hf |`mb ghs cgk| hfgr~`m`chdb|& Lgdlrdg~b ~eb z`drmb `j fh~s`kbf kg|kbfbsg~bn g~ 37 `L gfn 53< mm Ek cx ~ebnbl`mq`|h~h`f `j :1&1 k `j FgF< &
3 FgF< %|( 3 Fg %|( ) < F3 %k(
G |gmqdb `j fg~rsgd kg| l`f~ghf| 5&3> m`db| `j LE>$1&>37 m`db| `j L3E:$ gfn 1&77: m`db| `j L<E5& Hj ~eb~`~gd qsb||rsb `j ~eb kg|b| h| 7&<; g~m$ {eg~ h| ~ebqgs~hgd qsb||rsb `j qs`qgfb %L<E5(0
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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qgs~hgd qsb||rsb `j qs`qgfb %L<E5(0
Q h = U h Q
U qs`qgfb = 1&77:5&3> ) 1&>37 ) 1&77:
Q = 7&<; g~m
= 1&17<3
Q qs`qgfb = 1&17<3 u 7&<; g~m = 1&1757 g~m
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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^ebsm`lebmh|~sx
egq~bs :
^ebsm`lebmhlgd Nbjhfh~h`f|\x|~bm ? ^eg~ qgs~ `j ~eb Rfhzbs|b {e`|b legfkb {b gsb
k`hfk ~` mbg|rsb&
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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\rss`rfnhfk| ? Bzbsx ~ehfk bd|b ~eg~ h| sbdbzgf~ ~` ~eb legfkbh| nbjhfbn g| ~eb —|rss`rfnhfk|”&
Hf~bsfgd Bfbskx ? ^eb |rm `j ~eb ihfb~hl gfn q`~bf~hgd bfbskx
`j gdd ~eb qgs~hldb| hf g |x|~bm&
Ebg~ %w( ? H| ~eb bfbskx ~sgf|jbssbn cb~{bbf g |x|~bm
gfn h~‘| |rss`rfnhfk| g| sb|rd~ hf ~eb nhjjbsbflb| hf
~ebhs ~bmqbsg~rsb| fdx'
[`si %{( ? ^eb bfbskx ~sgf|jbssbn {ebf gf `cobl~ h| m`zbn cx
g j`slb&
^ebsbj`sb? B = w ) {
^ebsm`nxfgmhl|
\~g~b jrfl~h`f| gsb qs`qbs~hb| ~eg~ gsb nb~bsmhfbn cx ~eb |~g~b`j ~eb |x|~bm$ sbkgsndb|| `j e`{ ~eg~ l`fnh~h`f {g| glehbzbn&
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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bfbskx$ qsb||rsb$ z`drmb$ ~bmqbsg~rsb
NB = w ) {
NB h| ~eb legfkb hf hf~bsfgd bfbskx `j g |x|~bm
w = ~eb ebg~ bulegfkb cb~{bbf~eb |x|~bm gfn ~eb |rss`rfnhfk|
{ h| ~eb {`si n`fb `f %`s cx( ~eb |x|~bm
{ = -Q NZ {ebf g kg| buqgfn| gkghf|~g l`f|~gf~ bu~bsfgd qsb||rsb
^ebsm`nxfgmhl|
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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Nb~bsmhfhfk Bfbskx Legfkb hf g \x|~bm
Qs`cdbm? Hf ~eb hf~bsfgd l`mcr|~h`f bfkhfb$ ~eb ebg~ qs`nrlbn cx ~eb
l`mcr|~h`f `j ~eb jrbd lgr|b| ~eb lgsc`f nh`uhnb gfn {g~bs ~eg~ h|
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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qs`nrlbn nrshfk ~eb l`mcr|~h`f ~` buqgfn$ qr|ehfk ~eb qh|~`f|& Bulb||ebg~ h| sbm`zbn cx ~eb l``dhfk |x|~bm& Nb~bsmhfb ~eb legfkb hf bfbskx
% B( hf O$ iO$ gfn ilgd hj ~eb buqgfnhfk kg|b| n` 272 O `j {`si `f ~eb
qh|~`f|$ gfn gfn ~eb |x|~bm d`|b| >1; O `j ebg~ ~` ~eb l``dhfk |x|~bm&
w = - >1; O { = -272
OB = w ) { = - >1; O ) % - 272 O( = - 833 O
B = - 833 O u 7 iO = -1&833 iO
7111 O
B = - 833 O u 7 lgd = - 331 lgd
>&75> O
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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B h| g |~g~b jrfl~h`f$ w gfn { gsb f`~&
Jhs|~ Dg{ `j ^ebsm`nxfgmhl|
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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% Dg{ `j L`f|bszg~h`f `j Bfbskx (
—^eb ^`~gd Bfbskx `j ~eb Rfhzbs|b h| L`f|~gf~”
B `j Rfhzbs|b = B\x|~bm ) B\rss`rfnhfk| = 1
Ebg~ h| ~eb ~sgf|jbs `j ~ebsmgd bfbskx cb~{bbf ~{` c`nhb| ~eg~gsb g~ nhjjbsbf~ ~bmqbsg~rsb|&
Bfbskx Legfkb| hf Lebmhlgd Sbgl~h`f|
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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^bmqbsg~rsb h| g mbg|rsb `j ~eb ~ebsmgd bfbskx&
bmqbsg~rsb = ^ebsmgd Bfbskx
811L>11L
ksbg~bs ~ebsmgd bfbskx
^ebsm`lebmh|~sx h| ~eb |~rnx `j ebg~ legfkb hf lebmhlgdsbgl~h`f|&
^eb |x|~bm h| ~eb |qblhjhl qgs~ `j ~eb rfhzbs|b ~eg~ h| `j hf~bsb|~ hf ~eb |~rnx&
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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hf~bsb|~ hf ~eb |~rnx&
`qbf
mg|| * bfbskxBulegfkb?
ld`|bn
bfbskx
h|`dg~bn
f`~ehfk
\X\^BM\RSS@RFNHFK\
Bu`~ebsmhl qs`lb|| h| gfx qs`lb|| ~eg~ khzb| `jj ebg~ “~sgf|jbs| ~ebsmgd bfbskx js`m ~eb |x|~bm ~` ~eb |rss`rfnhfk|&
3E3 %k( ) @3 %k( 3E3@ %d( ) bfbskx
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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Bfn`~ebsmhl qs`lb|| h| gfx qs`lb|| hf {ehle ebg~ eg| ~` cb|rqqdhbn ~` ~eb |x|~bm js`m ~eb |rss`rfnhfk|&
3E3 %k ( ) @3 %k ( 3E3@ %d ( ) bfbskx
E3@ %k ( E3@ %d ( ) bfbskx
bfbskx ) 3Ek@ %| ( 3Ek %d ( ) @3 %k (
bfbskx ) E3@ %| ( E3@ %d (
Legfkb hf Bf~egdqx = E
Bf~egdqx h| nbjhfbn g| ~eb |x|~bm‘| hf~bsfgd bfbskx
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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Bf~egdqx h| nbjhfbn g| ~eb |x|~bm | hf~bsfgd bfbskx
qdr| ~eb qs`nrl~ `j h~| qsb||rsb gfn z`drmb&
E = B ) QZJ`s g legfkb hf bf~egdqx?
E = B ) QZ
Bu`~ebsmhl gfn Bfn`~ebsmhl Sbgl~h`f|?
E = Ejhfgd
- Ehfh~hgd
= Eqs`nrl~|
- Esbgl~gf~|
Bu`~ebsmhl ? E jhfgd E hfh~hgd E 1
Bfn`~ebsmhl ? E jhfgd E hfh~hgd E 1
`s qs`lb||b| `llrss fk gl`f|~gf~ qsb||rsb ~ebbf~egdqx legfkb bwrgd| ~eb
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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ebg~ kghfbn `s d`|~&
NE = wq
bf~egdqx `j sbgl~h`f `s ebg~ `j
sbgl~h`f& %Bfbskx legfkb )|mgdd l`ssbl~h`f jgl~`s&(
Bf~egdqx %E( h| r|bn ~` wrgf~hjx ~eb ebg~ jd`{ hf~` `s `r~ `j g|x|~bm hf g qs`lb|| ~eg~ `llrs| g~ l`f|~gf~ qsb||rsb&
NE = E %qs`nrl~|( “ E %sbgl~gf~|(
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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NE = ebg~ khzbf `jj `s gc|`scbn nrshfk g sbgl~h`f g~ l`f|~gf~ qsb||rsb
E qs`nrl~| 4 E sbgl~gf~|
NE 4 1
E qs`nrl~| 6 E sbgl~gf~|
NE 6 1
^ebsm`lebmhlgd Bwrg~h`f|
H| NE fbkg~hzb `s q`|h~hzb0
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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E3@ %| ( E3@ %d ( NE = :&17 iO
\x|~bm gc|`sc| ebg~
Bfn`~ebsmhl
NE 6 1
:&17 iO gsb gc|`scbn j`s bzbsx 7 m`db `j hlb ~eg~
mbd~| g~ 11L gfn 7 g~m&
^ebsm`lebmhlgd Bwrg~h`f|
H| NE fbkg~hzb `s q`|h~hzb0
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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LE> %k ( ) 3@3 %k( L@3 %k( ) 3E3@ %d ( NE = -581&> iO
\x|~bm khzb| `jj ebg~
Bu`~ebsmhl
NE 4 1
581&> iO gsb sbdbg|bn j`s bzbsx 7 m`db `j mb~egfb
~eg~ h| l`mcr|~bn g~ 321L gfn 7 g~m&
‣ ^eb |~`hleh`mb~shl l`bjjhlhbf~| gd{gx| sbjbs ~` ~eb frmcbs`j m`db| `j g |rc|~gflb
^ebsm`lebmhlgd Bwrg~h`f|
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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E3@ %| ( E3@ %d ( NE = :&17 iO
‣ Hj x`r sbzbs|b g sbgl~h`f$ ~eb |hkf `j NE legfkb|
E3@ %d ( E3@ %| ( NE = -:&17 iO‣ Hj x`r mrd~hqdx c`~e |hnb| `j ~eb bwrg~h`f cx g jgl~`s f $
~ebf NE mr|~ legfkb cx ~eb |gmb jgl~`s f &
3E3@ %| ( 3E3@ %d ( NE = 3 u :&17 = 73&1 iO
‣ ^eb qex|hlgd |~g~b| `j gdd sbgl~gf~| gfn qs`nrl~| mr|~ cb|qblhjhbn hf ~ebsm`lebmhlgd bwrg~h`f|&
^ebsm`lebmhlgd Bwrg~h`f|
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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E3@ %| ( E3@ %d ( NE = :&17 iO
E3@ %d ( E3@ %k ( NE = >>&1 iO
E`{ mrle ebg~ h| bz`dzbn {ebf 3:: k `j {eh~bqe`|qe`sr| %Q>( crsf hf ghs0
Q> %| ( ) 2@3 %k ( Q>@71 %| ( NE = -<17< iO
3:: k Q>7 m`d Q>
73<&8 k Q>
u <17< iO7 m`d Q>
u = :>;1 iO
^eb |qblhjhl ebg~ %| ( `j g |rc|~gflb h| ~eb gm`rf~ `j ebg~ %w (sbwrhsbn ~` sgh|b ~eb ~bmqbsg~rsb `j `fb ksgm `j ~eb|rc|~gflb cx `fb nbksbb Lbd|hr|&
^eb ebg~ lgqglh~x %L( `j g |rc|~gflb h| ~eb gm`rf~ `j ebg~ %w(
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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^eb ebg~ lgqglh~x %L ( `j g |rc|~gflb h| ~eb gm`rf~ `j ebg~ %w (sbwrhsbn ~` sgh|b ~eb ~bmqbsg~rsb `j g khzbf wrgf~h~x %m ( `j ~eb |rc|~gflb cx `fb nbksbb Lbd|hr|&
L = m|
Ebg~ %w ( gc|`scbn `ssbdbg|bn?
w = m| N~
w = L N~ N~ = ~ jhfgd -~ hfh~hgd
E`{ mrle ebg~ h| khzbf `jj {ebf gf 5:8 k hs`f cgs l``d|js`m 8>1L ~` 21L0
1
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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| `j Jb = 1&>>> Ok ‣
1
L
N~ = ~ jhfgd “ ~ hfh~hgd = 21L “ 8>1L = -581L
w = m| N~ = 5:8 k u 1&>>> Ok ‣ 1L u “581L = -<>$111 O
L`f|~gf~-Z`drmb Lgd`shmb~sx
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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F` ebg~ bf~bs| `s dbgzb|'
w |x| = w {g~bs ) w c`mc ) w suf
w |x| = 1
w suf = - %w {g~bs ) w c`mc
w {g~bs = m |N~
w c`mc = L c`mc N~
Sbgl~h`f g~ L`f|~gf~ Z
NE v w suf
NE = w suf
L`f|~gf~-Qsb||rsb Lgd`shmb~sx
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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F` ebg~ bf~bs| `s dbgzb|'
w |x| = w {g~bs ) w lgd ) w suf
w |x| = 1
w suf = - %w {g~bs ) w lgd(w {g~bs = m |N~
w lgd = L lgd N~
Sbgl~h`f g~ L`f|~gf~ Q NE = w suf
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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\~gfngsn bf~egdqx `j j`smg~h`f %NE1( h| ~eb ebg~ legfkb~eg~ sb|rd~| {ebf `fb m`db `j g l`mq`rfn h| j`smbn js`m
j
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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h~| bdbmbf~| %hf m`|~ |~gcdb j`sm( g~ g qsb||rsb `j 7 g~m&
^eb |~gfngsn bf~egdqx `j j`smg~h`f `j gfx bdbmbf~ hf h~|
m`|~ |~gcdb j`sm h| bs`&
NE` %@3( = 1j
NE` %@<( = 7>3 iOm`dj
NE` %L$ ksgqeh~b( = 1j
NE` %L$ nhgm`fn( = 7&81 iOm`dj
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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^eb |~gfngsn bf~egdqx `j sbgl~h`f %NE1 ( h| ~eb bf~egdqx `j gsbgl~h`f lgsshbn `r~ g~ 7 g~m&
suf
g G ) c C l L ) n N
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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NE`suf n NE` %N(j l NE` %L(j = Y ) ] - c NE` %C(j g NE` %G(j Y ) ]
NE`suf f NE` %qs`nrl~|(j = \ m NE` %sbgl~gf~|(j \-
Eb||‘| Dg{? [ebf sbgl~gf~| gsb l`fzbs~bn ~` qs`nrl~|$ ~eblegfkb hf bf~egdqx h| ~eb |gmb {eb~ebs ~eb sbgl~h`f ~gib|qdglb hf `fb |~bq `s hf g |bshb| `j |~bq|&
%Bf~egdqx h| g |~g~b jrfl~h`f& H~ n`b|f‘~ mg~~bs e`{ x`rkb~ ~ebsb$ `fdx {ebsb x`r |~gs~ gfn bfn&(
Eb||‘| Dg{ `j Ebg~ \rmmg~h`f^eb bf~egdqx legfkb `j gf `zbsgdd qs`lb|| h| ~eb |rm `j
~eb bf~egdqx legfkb| `j h~| hfnhzhnrgd |~bq|&
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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Bugmqdb?
Qs`cdbm? Lgdlrdg~b ~eb bfbskx hfz`dzbn hf ~eb `uhng~h`f `j bdbmbf~gd
|rdjrs ~` |rdjrs ~sh`uhnb js`m sbgl~h`f|?
7( \ %|( ) @3 %k( \@3 %k( E7 = -38:&1 iO
3( 3 \@3 %k( ) @3 %k( 3 \@< %k( E3 = -785&3 iO
<( \ %|( ) <3 @3 %k( \@< %k( E< = 0
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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Hj x`r gnn ~{` `s m`sbbwrg~h`f| ~` kb~ g fb{
bwrg~h`f$ x`r mr|~ gnn ~ebE‘| ~` kb~ ~eb E j`s
~eb fb{ bwrg~h`f&
Lgdlrdg~b ~eb |~gfngsn bf~egdqx `j j`smg~h`f `j L\3 %d (khzbf ~eg~?
L%ksgqeh~b( ) @3 %k ( L@3 %k ( NE1 = -<8<&2 iOsuf
\%se`mchl( ) @3 %k ( \@3 %k ( NE1 = -38:&7 iOsuf
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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L\3%d ( ) <@3 %k ( L@3 %k ( ) 3\@3 %k ( NE1 = -71;3 iOsuf
7& [sh~b ~eb bf~egdqx `j j`smg~h`f sbgl~h`f j`s L\3
L%ksgqeh~b( ) 3\%se`mchl( L\3 %d (
3& Gnn ~eb khzbf suf| |` ~eg~ ~eb sb|rd~ h| ~eb nb|hsbn suf&
sufL%ksgqeh~b( ) @3 %k ( L@3 %k ( NE1 = -<8<&2 iO
3\%se`mchl( ) 3@3 %k ( 3\@3 %k ( NE1 = -38:&7u3 iOsuf
L@3%k ( ) 3\@3 %k ( L\3 %d ( ) <@3 %k ( NE1 = )71;3 iOsuf)
L%ksgqeh~b( ) 3\%se`mchl( L\3 %d (
NE1 = -<8<&2 ) %3u-38:&7( ) 71;3 = 5:&< iOsuf
Cbfbfb %L:E:( crsf| hf ghs ~` qs`nrlb lgsc`f nh`uhnb gfndhwrhn {g~bs& E`{ mrle ebg~ h| sbdbg|bn qbs m`db `j cbfbfb l`mcr|~bn0 ^eb |~gfngsn bf~egdqx `j j`smg~h`f`j cbfbfb h| >8&1> iOm`d&
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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3L:E: %d ( ) 72@3 %k ( 73L@3 %k ( ) :E3@ %d (
NE1suf f NE1 %qs`nrl~|(j = \ m NE1 %sbgl~gf~|(j \-
NE1suf :NE
1
%E3@(j 73NE1
%L@3(j = Y ) ] - 3NE1
%L:E:(j Y ]
NE1suf = Y 73% “<8<&2( ) :% “352&5( ] “ Y 3%>8&1>( ] = -:2<>&55
-:2<2iO
3 m`d = - <3:; iOm`d L:E:
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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Qs`qbs~hb| `j [gzb|
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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[gzbdbfk~e %d( h| ~eb nh|~gflb cb~{bbf hnbf~hlgd q`hf~|`f |rllb||hzb {gzb|&
[gzb| gsb gf `|lhddg~h`f ~eg~ m`zb| `r~{gsn js`m g nh|~rscgflb&
Qs`qbs~hb| `j [gzb|
Jsbwrbflx %f( h| ~eb frmcbs `j {gzb| ~eg~ qg|| ~es`rke g
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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qgs~hlrdgs q`hf~ hf 7 |bl`fn %E = 7 lxldb|(&
^eb |qbbn %r ( `j ~eb {gzb = d u f
Gmqdh~rnb h| ~eb zbs~hlgd nh|~gflb js`m ~eb mhndhfb `j g{gzb ~` ~eb qbgi `s ~s`rke&
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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[ebf l`qqbs h| c`mcgsnbn {h~e ehke-bfbskx bdbl~s`f|$U sgx| gsb bmh~~bn& Lgdlrdg~b ~eb bfbskx %hf o`rdb|(g||`lhg~bn {h~e ~eb qe`~`f| hj ~eb {gzbdbfk~e `j ~eb Usgx| h| 1&72> fm&
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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B = ef
B = :&:< u 71-<> %O‣|( u <&11 u 71 5 %m|(1&72> u 71-8 %m(
B = 7&38 u 71 -72 O
B = eld
7& b- lgf `fdx egzb |qblhjhl
C`es‘| M`nbd `j ~eb G~`m %787<(
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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%wrgf~hbn( bfbskxzgdrb|
3& dhke~ h| bmh~~bn g| b-
m`zb| js`m `fb bfbskx
dbzbd ~` g d`{bs bfbskxdbzbd
Bf = -S E% (7
f 3
f %qshflhqgd wrgf~rm frmcbs( = 7$3$<$…
S E %Sxncbsk l`f|~gf~( = 3&75 u 71-75O
Lgdlrdg~b ~eb {gzbdbfk~e %hf fm( `j g qe`~`fbmh~~bn cx g exns`kbf g~`m {ebf h~| bdbl~s`fns`q| js`m ~eb f = 2 |~g~b ~` ~eb f = < |~g~b&
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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Bqe`~`f = 3&75 u 71-75 O u %732 - 78(=7&22 u 71-78 O
= :&:< u 71-<> %O‣|( u <&11 u 715 %m|(7&22 u 71-78O
= 7&35 u 71-: m
Bqe`~`f = e u l d
d = e u l Bqe`~`f
h j
NB = S E% (7f 3
7f 3
Bqe`~`f =
= 7&35 u 71-: m u 7fm = 7351 fm
71-8m
Gll`snhfk ~` nb Cs`kdhb gf bdbl~s`f c`rfn ~` g frldbr| cbegzb| dhib
Qs`cdbm| {h~e ~eb C`es m`nbd&C`es‘| gqqs`gle `fdx {`si| j`s ~eb exns`kbf g~`m& H~ lgf f`~ buqdghf ~eb
|qbl~sg `j g~`m| {h~e m`sb ~egf `fb bdbl~s`f&
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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g |~gfnhfk {gzb&
Gf gdd`{bn bfbskx |~g~b h| `fb hf {ehle gf hf~bksgd frmcbs `j {gzb| {hdd jh~ gs`rfn ~eb lhslrmjbsbflb `j ~eb `sch~&^er| nb Cs`kdhb |rkkb|~bn ~eg~ ~eb {gzb dbfk~e `j g mg~~bs {gzb
h| khzbf cx
[ebsb?e = qdgfli‘| l`f|~gf~ = :&:< u 71-<>
ι = {gzbdbfk~em = mg|| `j qgs~hldbz = zbd`lh~x `j qgs~hldb
d= e
mz
C`es‘| gfn nb Cs`kdhb‘| gqqs`gle nhn f`~{`si j`s g~`m| `~ebs ~egf exns`kbf&
Hf ~eb 7831‘| Ebh|bfcbsk$ \lesúnhfkbs$
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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gfn Nhsgl nbzbd`qbn ~eb m`nbsf ~eb`sx `j ~eb g~`m {ehle {b lgdd WRGF^RMMBLEGFHL\&
^eb Ebh|bfcbsk Rflbs~ghf~x Qshflhqdb? H~ h|hmq`||hcdb ~` if`{ |hmrd~gfb`r|dx c`~e
~eb m`mbf~rm gfn q`|h~h`f `j g qgs~hldb{h~e lbs~ghf~x&
[ebf ~eb \lesúnhfkbs bwrg~h`f h||`dzbn j`s ~eb E g~`m {b kb~ ~eb
e e d
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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bugl~ bfbskx |~g~b| ~eg~ ~eb bdbl~s`flgf `llrqx& G||`lhg~bn {h~e bgle
bfbskx |~g~b h| g {gzb jrfl~h`f $q|h&
^eb |wrgsb `j khzb| ~eb qs`cgchdh~x
~eg~ ~eb bdbl~s`f {hdd cb j`rfn hf gqgs~hlrdgs sbkh`f& ^eh| sbkh`f h| lgddbn gf`sch~gd&
@sch~gd? ~eb sbkh`f hf |qglb {ebsb
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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~eb bdbl~s`f h| m`|~ dhibdx ~` cbj`rfn&
F`~b? WM ~bdd| r| f`~ehfk gc`r~ ~ebqg~e `j ~eb bdbl~s`f& @fdx
qs`cgchdh~x hfj`smg~h`f h| khzbf&
[ebf ~eb \lesúnhfkbs bwrg~h`f h|
|`dzbn$ ~eb bfbskhb| gfn `sch~gd| gsb
j n n n d
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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j`rfn ~` nbqbfn `f |bzbsgd wrgf~rmfrmcbs|&
^EB QSHFLHQGD WRGF^RM FRMCBS f = 7$ 3$ <$ >$ 2$ …&H~ ~bdd| ~eb qshflhqdb bfbskx dbzbd `j ~eb
bdbl~s`f gfn h~| gzbsgkb nh|~gflb js`m~eb frldbr|&
^EB GFKRDGS M@MBF^RM W&F&d = 1$7$ 3$ <$ …%f-7(
n j
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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|$ q$ n$ j H~ ~bdd| ~eb |rc-dbzbd `j ~eb bdbl~s`fgfn ~eb |egqb `j ~eb `sch~gd&
^EB MGKFB^HL W&F&m
d= - d …& ) d
H~ ~bdd| ~eb frmcbs `j `sch~gd| gfn ~ebhs`shbf~g~h`f hf |qglb&
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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d = 1 %| `sch~gd|(
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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d = 7 %q `sch~gd|(
d = 3 %n `sch~gd|(
Bdbl~s`f \qhf
Buqbshmbf~| hfnhlg~b ~eg~ ~eb bdbl~s`f q`||b||b| gf
hf~shf|hl gfkrdgs m`mbf~rm {ehle h| l`f|~gf~ gfn g
c h j e d G h h e
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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cg|hl qs`qbs~x `j ~eb bdbl~s`f& G |qhffhfk legskb
kbfbsg~b| g mgkfb~hl jhbdn - ~er| ~eb bdbl~s`f
qs`nrlb| g ~hfx mgkfb~hl jhbdn&
[ebf gf bdbl~s`f h| qdglbn hf gf bu~bsfgd mgkfb~hl
jhbdn
h~| `{f mgkfb~hl jhbdn h| wrgf~hbn& H~ lgf dhfb rq {h~e
~eb bu~bsfgd jhbdn `s `qq`|b ~eb bu~bsfgd jhbdn&
[b |gx ~eb |qhf wrgf~rm frmcbs m|= )½ `s -½
eb Qgrdh Buldr|h`f Qshflhqdb
F` ~{` bdbl~s`f| hf gf g~`m lgf egzb ~eb |gmb
j ~ c
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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j`rs wrgf~rm frmcbs|&
^eh| mbgf| ~eg~ f` m`sb ~egf ~{` bdbl~s`f| lgf buh|~ hf
~eb |gmb `sch~gd gfn ~eb|b bdbl~s`f| mr|~ egzb `qq`|h~b
|qhf|&
F`~b? ~eb jhs|~ ~esbb wrgf~rm frmcbs| nb|hkfg~b g
qgs~hlrdgs `sch~gd hf ~eb g~`m&
E`{ mgfx 3q `sch~gd| gsb ~ebsb hf gf g~`m0
3
f=3
Hj d = 7$ ~ebf md = -7$ 1$ `s )7
< ch~ d
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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3q
d = 7
< `sch~gd|
E`{ mgfx bdbl~s`f| lgf cb qdglbn hf ~eb <n|rc|ebdd0
<n
f=<
d = 3
Hj d = 3$ ~ebf md
= -3$ -7$ 1$ )7$ `s )3
2 `sch~gd| {ehle lgf e`dn g ~`~gd `j 71 b-
G~`m| [h~e M`sb ^egf @fb Bdbl~s`f
Hf ~eb exns`kbf g~`m ~eb bdbl~s`f bfbskhb| nbqbfn `fdx
~e h h d ~ c
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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`f ~eb qshflhqdb wrgf~rm frmcbs$ f&
Hj gf g~`m eg| m`sb ~egf `fb bdbl~s`f ~eb nhjjbsbf~
|rcdbzbd| egzb nhjjbsbf~ bfbskhb|& ^eb sbg|`f| j`s ~eh| gsb
l`mqdhlg~bn&
—Jhdd rq” bdbl~s`f| hf d`{b|~ bfbskx `sch~gd| % Grjcgr qshflhqdb (
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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E 7 bdbl~s`f
E 7|7
Eb 3 bdbl~s`f|
Eb 7|3
Dh < bdbl~s`f|
Dh 7|33|7
Cb > bdbl~s`f|
Cb 7|33|3
C 2 bdbl~s`f|
C 7|33|33q7
L : bdbl~s`f|
0 0
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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Qgsgmgkfb~hl
rfqghsbn bdbl~s`f|
3q
Nhgmgkfb~hl
gdd bdbl~s`f| qghsbn
3q
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8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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L : bdbl~s`f|
L 7|33|33q3
F ; bdbl~s`f|
F 7|33|33q<
@ 5 bdbl~s`f|
@ 7|33|33q>
J 8 bdbl~s`f|
J 7|33|33q2
Fb 71 bdbl~s`f|
Fb 7|33|33q:
@sch~gd Nhgksgm| E CbBdbmbf~ \xmc`d Bdbl~s`f @sch~gd Nhgksgm|
L`fjhkrsg~h`f
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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Exns`kbf E 7|7
Ebdhrm Eb 7|3
Dh~ehrm Dh 7|33|7
Cbsxddhrm Cb 7|33|3
7|
7|
7|
7|
3|
3|
3|
3|
@sch~gd Nhgksgm| - HH ? C Fb
C %2 b-( 7|3 3|3 3q7
7| 3| 3qu 3qx 3q
L %: b-( 7|3 3|3 3q3
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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L %: b-( 7|3 3|3 3q3
F %; b-( 7|3 3|3 3q<
@ %5 b-( 7|3 3|3 3q>
J %8 b-
( 7|3
3|3
3q2
Fb %71 b-( 7|3 3|3 3q:
7| 3| 3qu 3qx 3q
7| 3| 3qu 3qx 3q
7| 3| 3qu 3qx 3q
7| 3| 3qu 3qx 3q
7| 3| 3qu 3qx 3q
L`fnbf|bn Ks`rfn-\~g~b Bdbl~s`fL`fjhkrsg~h`f| hf ~eb Jhs|~ ^esbbQbsh`n|
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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Bdbl~s`f L`fjhkrsg~h`f - HHHI YGs] >| 7
Lg YGs] >| 3 @s ~eh| `snbs h| @I '
\l YGs] >| 3 <n 7 YGs] <n 7 >|
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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\l YGs] >| 3 <n 7 YGs] <n 7 >|3
^h YGs] >| 3 <n 3 YGs] <n 3 >|3
Z YGs] >|3 <n < YGs] <n < >|3
Ls YGs] >| 7 <n 2
Mf YGs] >| 3 <n 2
Jb YGs] >|3
<n:
Bh~ebs `snbs {hdd cb @I 'L` YGs] >| 3 <n ; Cr~ h~‘| f`smgddx cb|~ ~`
Fh YGs] >| 3 <n 5 qr~ ~eb `fb jhddhfk dg|~'''
Lr YGs] >| 7 <n 71
3 71
Gf`mgdhb|~` Jhddhfk
Gf`mgdhb|~` Jhddhfk
Eb
Fb
Gs
Is_fLrFhL`JbMfLsZ^h\l
^eb Qbsh`nhl ^gcdb `j ~eb Bdbmbf~|Bdbl~s`fhl \~srl~rsb
J
Ld
Cs
@
\
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F
Q
G|
L
\h
Kb
C
Gd
Kg
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Dh Cb
F
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Mk
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8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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Is
Ub
Sf
_fLr
Ln
Ek
G
kGr
Fh
Qn
Q~
L`
Se
Hs
Jb
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l
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Ls
M
[
Z
Fc
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Dg
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b
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c
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^e Qg R Fq QrGmLm Ci Lj B| JmMn F Ds
[eg~ h| ~eb bdbl~s`f l`fjhkrsg~h`f `j Mk0
Mk 73 bdbl~s`f|
7|33|33q:<|3 3 ) 3 ) : ) 3 = 73 bdbl~s`f|
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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7|33|33q:<|3 3 ) 3 ) : ) 3 = 73 bdbl~s`f|
Gccsbzhg~bn g| YFb]<|3 YFb] 7|33|33q:
[eg~ gsb ~eb q`||hcdb wrgf~rm frmcbs| j`s ~ebdg|~ %`r~bsm`|~( bdbl~s`f hf Ld0
Ld 7; bdbl~s`f|
7|3
3|3
3q:
<|3
<q2
3 ) 3 ) : ) 3 ) 2 = 7; bdbl~s`f|Dg|~ bdbl~s`f gnnbn ~` <q `sch~gd
f = < d = 7 md = -7$ 1$ s )7 m| = ½ `s -½
f | 7
f | 3
f | 3 f q 7
f | 3 f q 3
f | 3 f q <
f | 3 f q >
f | 3 f q 2
f | 3
f q :
n 7
n 2
n 7 1
Ks`rfn \~g~b Bdbl~s`f L`fjhkrsg~h`f| `j ~eb Bdbmbf~|
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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n n n
>j
2j
Bdbl~s`f L`fjhkrsg~h`f| `j Mb~gd H`f|
Gdd mb~gd| d`|b bdbl~s`f| ~` j`sm lg~h`f|& Mgfx `j ~eb
mb~gd| {ehle gsb sbqsb|bf~g~hzb bdbmbf~| d`|b gdd ~ebhs
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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mb~gd| {ehle gsb sbqsb|bf~g~hzb bdbmbf~| d`|b gdd ~ebhszgdbflb bdbl~s`f| ~` egzb f`cdb kg| l`fjhkrsg~h`f|&
^sgf|h~h`f mb~gd h`f| sgsbdx g~~ghf g f`cdb kg| l`fjhkrsg~h`f&
^ebx gd{gx| d`|b ~eb `r~bs | bdbl~s`f| jhs|~& R|rgddx ~ebx
d`|b `fb `s m`sb n bdbl~s`f| g| {bdd&
Bugmqdb? Jb %e`{ mgfx rfqghsbn bdbl~s`f|0(
Fg)? YFb] Gd<)? YFb] J-? 7|33|33q: `s YFb]
@3-? 7|33|33q: `s YFb] F<-? 7|33|33q: `s YFb]
Fg) Gd<) J- @3- gfn F<- gsb gdd h|`bdbl~s`fhl {h~e Fb
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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Fg)$ Gd<)$ J $ @3 $ gfn F< gsb gdd h|`bdbl~s`fhl {h~e Fb
[eg~ fbr~sgd g~`m h| h|`bdbl~s`fhl {h~e E- 0
^sbfn| hf Ibx Qbsh`nhl G~`mhlQs`qbs~hb|
G~`mhl \hb? ^ebsb h| f` sbgd dhmh~ ~` e`{ jgs gf bdbl~s`f
lgf cb g{gx js`m ~eb frldbr| Cr~ g~`mhl |hb h| g
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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lgf cb g{gx js`m ~eb frldbr|& Cr~$ g~`mhl |hb h| gmbg|rsgcdb wrgf~h~x& Hf qsgl~hlb {b mbg|rsb ~eb nh|~gflb
cb~{bbf ~{` hnbf~hlgd$ gnoglbf~ g~`mhl frldbh gfn nhzhnb
nh|~gflb hf egdj&
Mgfx `j ~eb qs`qbs~hb| `j bdbmbf~| gsb sbdg~bn ~` ~eb |hb
`j ~ebhs g~`m|&
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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Lg~h`f h| gd{gx| |mgddbs ~egf g~`m js`m{ehle h~ h| j`smbn&
Gfh`f h| gd{gx| dgskbs ~egf g~`m js`m{ehle h~ h| j`smbn&
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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H`fhg~h`f bfbskx h| ~eb mhfhmrm bfbskx %iOm`d(sbwrhsbn ~` sbm`zb gf bdbl~s`f js`m g kg|b`r| g~`m hf h~|ks`rfn |~g~b&
H7 ) U %k( U)%k( ) H7 jhs|~ h`fhg~h`f bfbskx
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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H 7 ) U %k( U %k( )b-
H 3 ) U)%k( U3)
%k( )
b-
H < ) U3)%k( U<)%k( )
b-
H 7 jhs|~ h`fhg~h`f bfbskx
H 3 |bl`fn h`fhg~h`f bfbskx
H < ~ehsn h`fhg~h`f bfbskx
H 7 4 H 3 4H <^ebsb h| g s`rke hfzbs|b
l`ssbdg~h`f cb~{bbf H 7 gfng~`mhl sgnhr|&
Kbfbsgd ^sbfn hf Jhs|~ H`fhg~h`f Bfbskhb|Hflsbg|hfk Jhs|~ H`fhg~h`f Bfbskx
h ` f
B f b s k x
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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H f l s b g | h f k
J h s | ~ H ` f h z g ~ h
8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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L| 1 L < 1 < 1 1 < ` l
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8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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\ , `j |egsbn bdbl~s`f|
F = , `j fbbnbn bdbl~s`f|
G = , `j gzghdgcdb bdbl~s`f|7& ^ lgdlrdg~b F? Mrd~hqdb ~eb frmcbs `j g~`m|
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8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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G = : b- ) 3 b- = 5\=F-G = >
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8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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^eb j`smgd legskb| mr|~ gnn rq ~` bwrgd ~eb gl~rgd legskb `f
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8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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Sb|`fgflb |~srl~rsb| gsb l`ffbl~bn cx g
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8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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8/14/2019 CH 1045 Chemistry I Slides
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