Ch 10 Volcanoes A.Volcano- vent in the Earth’s surface that often forms a mountain when layers of...

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Ch 10 Volcanoes A. Volcano - vent in the Earth’s surface that often forms a mountain when layers of lava & volcanic ash erupt & build up

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Transcript of Ch 10 Volcanoes A.Volcano- vent in the Earth’s surface that often forms a mountain when layers of...

Page 1: Ch 10 Volcanoes A.Volcano- vent in the Earth’s surface that often forms a mountain when layers of lava & volcanic ash erupt & build up.

Ch 10 Volcanoes

A. Volcano- vent in the Earth’s surface that often forms a mountain when layers of lava & volcanic ash erupt & build up

Page 2: Ch 10 Volcanoes A.Volcano- vent in the Earth’s surface that often forms a mountain when layers of lava & volcanic ash erupt & build up.

What causes a Volcano?

Heat & pressure cause rock to melt deep within the Earth

magma is formed

magma is less dense than rock around it & rises

Page 3: Ch 10 Volcanoes A.Volcano- vent in the Earth’s surface that often forms a mountain when layers of lava & volcanic ash erupt & build up.

Parts of a Volcano

B. Vent – opening in Earth’s surface that molten rock comes out of

C. Crater – steep walled depression around a volcano’s vent

http://www.brainpop.com/science/earth/volcanoes/index.weml

Page 4: Ch 10 Volcanoes A.Volcano- vent in the Earth’s surface that often forms a mountain when layers of lava & volcanic ash erupt & build up.

D. Hot Spots

• Areas where magma from deep in Earth’s mantle has melted through the crust to form several volcanoes

Page 5: Ch 10 Volcanoes A.Volcano- vent in the Earth’s surface that often forms a mountain when layers of lava & volcanic ash erupt & build up.
Page 6: Ch 10 Volcanoes A.Volcano- vent in the Earth’s surface that often forms a mountain when layers of lava & volcanic ash erupt & build up.

Ex. The Hawaiian Island chain

• the Pacific Plate is moving over a stationary hot spot

• Kauai is the oldest

• Lo’ihi an underwater volcano will form the next island in the chain

Page 7: Ch 10 Volcanoes A.Volcano- vent in the Earth’s surface that often forms a mountain when layers of lava & volcanic ash erupt & build up.

E. Caldera

• Formed when the top of a volcano collapses into the partially emptied magma chamber

• Produces a large opening • Ex. Crater Lake in Oregon

Page 8: Ch 10 Volcanoes A.Volcano- vent in the Earth’s surface that often forms a mountain when layers of lava & volcanic ash erupt & build up.

VI . Plutons

• igneous rock (intrusion) that cools inside other rock

Page 9: Ch 10 Volcanoes A.Volcano- vent in the Earth’s surface that often forms a mountain when layers of lava & volcanic ash erupt & build up.

Types of Plutons

1. Dikes – vertical intrusion that cuts across layers, rock types do not match

2. Batholiths – largest igneous intrusions, forms when magma cools underground before reaching the surface

Page 10: Ch 10 Volcanoes A.Volcano- vent in the Earth’s surface that often forms a mountain when layers of lava & volcanic ash erupt & build up.

Types of Plutons

3. Sills – form when magma squeezes into horizontal cracks & hardens

4. Laccolith – domed sill, that has pushed up the rock above it

Stone Mt., Georgia

Page 11: Ch 10 Volcanoes A.Volcano- vent in the Earth’s surface that often forms a mountain when layers of lava & volcanic ash erupt & build up.

Types of Plutons

5. Volcanic neck – the hard solid vent of a volcano left behind after the cone erodes

Ex. Ship Rock New Mexico & Devil’s Tower

Page 12: Ch 10 Volcanoes A.Volcano- vent in the Earth’s surface that often forms a mountain when layers of lava & volcanic ash erupt & build up.

Mt. Vesuvius, Pompeii, Italy 79 AD

Page 13: Ch 10 Volcanoes A.Volcano- vent in the Earth’s surface that often forms a mountain when layers of lava & volcanic ash erupt & build up.

Mt. Vesuvius, Pompeii, Italy 79 AD


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