Ch 10: The Worlds of Christendom

REVIEW

Questions are NOT on the ch 10 quiz

1. In comparison to Byzantium, Latin Christendom before 1000 CE was

A) an expanding empireB) theocratic stateC) a localized society D) unified state

2. Which of the following features of the Byzantine Empire did the new civilization of Kievan Rus adopt?

A) the customs and dress of Germanic peoplesB) the political ideals of imperial control of the church C) the concept of a good life as one of no desire and no actionD) the commitment to economic equality and social justice

3. Which of the following is an example of the Byzantine’s Empires influence on Eurasia?

A) acceptance of Latin as the international language of diplomacyB) transmission of ancient Greek learning to western Europe and the Islamic worldC) control of the trade routes along the silk roads and across the SaharaD) spread of eastern orthodox Christianity to North Africa and central Asia

4. Which of the following was evidence of the expansion and growth of European civilization during the high middle ages?

A) there was a considerable increase in long-distance trade B) the Holy Roman Empire was the undisputed religious center of Christendom C) most of North Africa converted to Christianity D) The Pope emerged as an all powerful political ruler of western Europe

5. In the eleventh century, the religious culture of the Byzantine Empire had a significant impact on

A) the rulers of the Axum state in Ethiopia B) the Nestorian church in ChinaC) the Roman Catholic Church in western Europe D) Slavic speaking peoples in the Balkans and Russia

6. Which of the following describes the relationship between politics and religious in Western Europe from 500 to 1300?

A) rulers were appointed by the pope of the Catholic ChurchB) rulers provided protection for the church in return for religious legitimacy C) the ruler was the head of both the state and the church D) the Pope was the head of both the state and the church

SHORT ANSWER

In what ways did the multiple- competing states in western Europe shape European civilization?

-the multicenter political system gave rise to frequent wars

-ruler’s political authority was weak

-it enhanced the role and status of military men

-it drove the so-called gunpowder revolution

-it stimulated technological development

What differences separated the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches?-Key difference: the Roman Catholic church maintained some degree of independence from political authorities, while in Byzantium the emperor assumed something of the role of both “Caesar” as head of state, and the pope, as head of the church (caesaropapism)

-Language: Greek in Eastern Orthodox Church, Latin in Roman Catholic

-Disagreed on number of doctrinal issues: nature of the Trinity, relative importance of faith and reason, use of icons

-Priests in Byzantium allowed beards to grow long and were permitted to marry, and priests in the West shaved, and were supposed to remain celibate

What factors enabled Christian communities in Africa and Asia to survive in the face of Islamic expansion?-Most Muslim rulers allowed Christians to continue to practice their religion as long as they paid a special tax

-Persistent pockets of Christianity in the Arab empire

-Coptic Christianity(Egypt) continued under tolerant Muslim rulers until the Crusades and the Mongol threat made the Muslim state regard Christian as politically suspect

-Geography protected Christians in Ethiopia

-The Nestorian church in China was not affected by the spread of Islam

What was the long-term impact of the Crusades on Western Europe?

Part I: -the Crusades marked an expansion of the influence of western Christendom at the same time that eastern Christendom and Byzantium were declining

-the Crusades stimulated the demand for Asian luxury goods in Europe

-they allowed western Europeans to learn techniques for producing sugar on large plantations using slave labor – which will later be transported to the Americas

What was the long-term impact of the Crusades on Western Europe?

Part II: -Muslim scholarship – together with Greek learning – flowed into Europe

-the Crusades hardened the cultural barriers between Eastern Orthodoxy and Roman Catholicism, Christian anti-Semitism was enhanced

-European empire building, continued the notion that “God wills it”