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Chapter 10 Name: ________________________Period: ________

Mollusks

•Characteristics:

–___________________________________

–Have soft, ______________ bodies that are protected by a

____________________

–Have a thin layer of ______________ called a _____________ that covers its

internal organs

–An organ called a ___________

•Body Structure:

–________________________

–Digestive system with ______ __________________

–_________________ are located together in _________

Have an ________________________

–Blood is _________________________

–Heart pumps blood into a ___________ that opens into the

_________________ containing the __________________

–The blood _______________________ and returns ______________________

•Obtaining oxygen

–Have ___________ (organs that _________________________)

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–The gills have _____________________________________ called

________________ and a rich supply of blood vessels

–After the gills remove oxygen from the water, the oxygen

__________________________________________ and at the same time

__________________ moves _______________ of the ______________ and into

the _________________

–Three major groups of mollusks:

–1. _____________________

–2. _____________________

–3. _____________________

Gastropods – the largest group

–Includes ________________

–Live nearly ______________ _______________________

–Have a single ____________ or _____________________

Obtaining food:

–Can be _________________ ______________________

–Use an organ called a ___________ (__________ ______________________) to

obtain food

Movement:

–Creeps along on a ___________________ foot

–Foot my ooze a carpet of __________________ which makes it

___________________ for them to ____________________

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Bivalves

**(remember bi means 2)**

-Includes oysters, clams, scallops and mussels

–Have ___________________ that are held together by _____________ and

_______________________

–Obtaining Food:

–DO NOT HAVE A ______________________

–Are _______________________________ that strain

______________________________ from the _________________

–Most are __________________________

Movement:

–DO NOT MOVE ______________________

–Adults stay in one _________________ or use their ______________ to move

_______________________

–Protection

•Sometimes _________ gets stuck between a bivalve’s ____________ and

_____________ and this sand irritates the _________________

•The mantle produces a smooth __________ _________ to cover the irritating

object

•Sometimes a ______________ around the object

Cephalopods

-Includes octopus, squids, nautilus and cuttlefish

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–Are all __________________ dwelling mollusks whose __________________ is

adapted to form __________________ around its __________________

–Only mollusk with a __________________ circulatory system

Obtaining food

•__________________

•Captures prey using muscular __________________ and then

__________________ the prey in a beak and scrapes and cuts the flesh with

its __________________

•Tentacles contain sensitive __________________

Nervous system

•Have __________________ eyes and __________________

•Have __________________ and can remember things they have learned

–Some have even figured out how to __________________ from their

tanks when living in __________________

Movement

•Swim by __________________

•They squeeze a current of __________________ out of the

__________________ cavity and through a ________________. Then like

rockets they shoot off in the __________________ direction

Arthropods

•Members of the Phylum __________________

•__________________

•Have an __________________ skeleton

•Have a __________________ body

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•Have jointed attachments called __________________

•Have __________________ symmetry

•Have an __________________ circulatory system

•Have a __________________ system with two openings

•Classified into four major groups:

–1. __________________

–2. __________________

–3. __________________

–4. __________________

•Arthropods are named after a distinctive physical characteristic:

•“Arthros” means __________________ in Greek

•“Podos” means __________________

Outer Skeleton

•Have an __________________ ( waxy waterproof outer covering that

__________________ them and prevents __________________ of water)

•__________________ exoskeleton and __________________ new ones

•This shedding process is known as “__________________”

Segmented Body

•All have __________________

•Easiest to see in ____________________________________________

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Jointed Appendages

•Give animal __________________ and enable it to ______________

•Usually highly __________________

•Have __________________ which is an appendage attached to the head that

contains sense organs

Crustaceans

•Body Structure:

–Have two or three body __________________, five or more pairs of

__________________ and two pairs of __________________

•Examples are _______________________________________

Obtaining Oxygen and Food

•Have __________________ to obtain oxygen

•Can be _________________________________________________________________

Life Cycle

•Begin as __________________ __________________

•Develop into _________________ by __________________ (a process in which an

animal’s body undergoes dramatic changes in form during its life cycle)

Arachnids

•Have two __________________, four pairs of __________________, and no

__________________

•Examples: ______________________________________

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Body Structure

•First body section is a combined _____________________________

•Hind body section is called the __________________ which contains the

________________________________ and part of the __________________ system

Spiders

•Have hollow __________________ through which they inject __________________

into their prey

•Spider venom turns the _________________ of their prey into _________________

•Examples of deadly spiders are ___________________________________________

Mites

•Examples include ____________________________________________________

•Most are __________________

Scorpions

•Have spinelike __________________ that inject venom into its prey

•Usually live in __________________ climates

Ticks

•Are __________________ that live on the outside of a host animal’s body

•Can cause ______________________________

Centipedes and Millipedes

•Have two ________________________ and many pairs of __________________

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•Centipedes have more than ____________ segments and are swift predators

that inject venom into their prey

•Millipedes are __________________ that graze on decaying leaves

Insects

•Body Structure: have three __________________, six __________________, one

pair of __________________, and usually one or two pairs of __________________

•Can identify them by counting their _________________ and ________________

Head

•__________________ (eyes and antennae) are located here

•Have:

–Two large __________________ eyes that contain many lenses which focus

__________________ to form __________________

–Also have small __________________ eyes that distinguish between light and

dark

Thorax

•The section to which __________________ are attached (an insects midsection)

Abdomen

•The __________________ organs of insects are located here

•Small holes on the outside of the abdomen lead to a system of _______________

in the insect that allows _____________to enter the insect’s __________________

DRAWING OF AN INSECT

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Obtaining food

•An insect’s __________________ are adapted for a highly specific way of getting

food

•Each insect eats slightly different from another one

Life Cycle

•Each insect species undergoes either _________________ or _________________

metamorphosis

•________________________________________________ – Has four different

stages: egg, larva, pupa and adult

•_________________________________________________ – has no distinct larval

stage

Life Cycle Stages

•Complete Metamorphosis

–Egg hatch into __________________

–Larvae are specialized for eating and growing and eventually become

__________________

–Pupa stages is when the insect is enclosed in a ___________________________

–Pupa grows into an adult __________________

Draw Complete Metamorphosis

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•Gradual Metamorphosis

–Egg hatches into a stage called a __________________

–The nymph looks like the adult insect __________________ wings

–A nymph may __________________ and then become an __________________

Draw Gradual Metamorphosis

Insect Ecology: Insects and the Food Chain

•A food chain is: a series of __________________ in which __________________

eats __________________ and obtains __________________

–Made up of producers, consumers and decomposers

•Ecology is the study of food chains and other ways that __________________

__________________ with their __________________

•Producer – an organism that ____________________________________________.

Use energy from the _________________ to make their food

–Example is a plant

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•Consumer – an organism that obtains energy by __________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

–Example is a caterpillar

•Decomposer – breaks down the __________________________________________

–Example is a Carrion beetle

Insects as Consumers of Plants

•Insects play key roles in food chains because of the different ways that they

_________________________________ and then become _____________ for other

organisms

•Many insects are consumers of _______________________ (they eat plants)

Insects as Prey

•Insects are __________________ for many organisms

–Many ________________________ eat insects to survive

Insects as Decomposers

•Insects break down the wastes and bodies of dead organisms

–For Example: In tropical food chains __________________ may break down

up to _________________________________________________________________

Insects as Food for Humans

•Did you know that insects were an important source of nutrition for prehistoric

humans?

•In some Mexican villages today, _______________________________________ are

ground up and mixed with __________________________ to make _____________

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Other insect roles

•Two ways insects interact with other living things are by:

–1. Moving __________________ among plants

•Example is __________________ as __________________

–2. Spreading __________________ causing organisms

•Example is __________________

Controlling Pests

•To try to control pests, people use __________________, traps and living things

–Chemicals that kill pests are called __________________

–__________________ controls is a natural predator or disease released into an

area to fight a harmful __________________

Echinoderms

Characteristics

•__________________

•Have an __________________skeleton

•Have a system of fluid-filled tubes called a __________________vascular system

•All live in __________________

Body Structure

•__________________is stretched over an internal skeleton (__________________)

that is made of __________________ plates

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•Adult echinoderms have __________________ symmetry

Movement

•Have a __________________vascular system which is an internal system of

fluid filled tubes

•Portions of the tubes can __________________ (squeeze together) which forces

water into __________________

•The tube feet are __________________ on the ends and when filled with water

they act like small __________________ cups

Reproduction and Life Cycle

•Are either __________________

•Eggs are __________________in the water __________________a female releases

her eggs and the males release their sperm

•The fertilized eggs develop into ____________________________________

•The larvae eventually undergo metamorphosis and become __________________

Diversity of Echinoderms

•There are four major groups of echinoderms

–1. ______________________________________________

–2. ______________________________________________

–3. ______________________________________________

–4. ______________________________________________

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Sea Stars

•Are __________________that eat __________________

•Use their tube feet to move across the bottom of the __________________ and to

__________________ their prey

Brittle Stars

•Have long and slender arms with __________________joints

•Their tube feet do not have suction cups and are used for __________________

__________________but _______________ for __________________

Sea Urchins

•Have __________________

•Moveable __________________ cover and protect their bodies so they look like a

__________________

Sea Cucumbers

•Look like __________________

•Under their leather-like skin their bodies are __________________, soft and

muscular

•Have ___________________________________ on their undersides which allows

them to __________________ slowly on the __________________floor

•Are ___________________________________________