Chapter 10Section 1

Slavery and Western Expansion Wilmot Proviso

Any territory the US gained from Mexico would be slave free Passed in House but never got to the Senate Opposed by the Southern States

Popular Sovereignty Each new territory would decide for themselves if they were slave or free

Secession Taking states out of the Union South began talking about it if California would enter as a free state This would make the balance of power in the Senate unequal

Compromise of 1850 Was to ease tensions between the North and South over slavery

California enters as Free StatePopular Sovereignty determines slavery in Utah and New

Mexico territoriesTexas and New Mexico boarder was resolved, New Mexico

gets more land and Texas gets 10 million dollarsSlave Trade abolished in D.C., but not slave trade in USFederal Enforcement of Fugitive Slave Act

Section 2Effects of Fugitive Slave Act

Law unfairly sent free African Americans to the SouthLed to corruption in federal govt.Led to Northern Hostility toward the South

Underground RR Well organized system that helped slaves escape to the North Leaders were called conductors Harriet Tubman

Section 2Transcontinental Railroad

Railroad that would connect the eastern and western United StatesLed to a debate of where the RR would start and what direction it

would go

Kansas Nebraska ActWanted settlement in Kansas and Nebraska TerritoriesSLAVE OR FREE?divided Kansas into Slavery and Nebraska as a free state

Bleeding Kansas Slave setters and anti-slave settlers were setting in Kansas Boarder Ruffians-Pro slave men from Mizzou who stormed into KS and voted

illegally setting up a pro slave legislature Free state settlers set up their own government ---KS has two governments at this

time Lawrence Kansas was attacked by Boarder Ruffians who ransacked the town Led to a nickname of Bleeding Kansas due to the territorial civil war between pro

and anti slave groups Over 200 people died and millions of dollars of property had been destroyed

The Caning of Charles Sumner Sumner was an anti-slave Senator from Massachusetts gave a speech

accusing the Southern Senators and Andrew Butler of South Carolina of forcing Kansas into the ranks of slavery

Preston Brooks, a cousin of Butler beat Sumner savagely on the floor of the Senate

Many southerners viewed Brooks as a hero

The event strengthened the Northern anti-slave movement

Section 3Political Parties of the Era

Whig—opposed Democratic PartyDemocrat—Dominated by Southern SenatorsLiberty—abolitionistsFree-Soil—made of Anti-slavery Whigs and DemocratsRepublicans—Strong opponents of slavery, still a party

todayKnow Nothings—anti Catholic and Anti immigration

Dred Scott DecisionDred Scott was a slave who lived for a time in a free territory

Sued for his freedom

Decided that African Americans were not citizens and could not sue

Said that the govt could not limit slavery in the territories

Led to further distance between the North and South

Lincoln vs DouglasHeld a series of debates for Illinois Senate race

Lincoln opposed slavery and Douglas wanted Popular Sovereignty

Douglas won the election but Lincoln gained new support nationally in the Republican Party

John BrownAn extreme abolitionist

Moved to Kansas to help in the free settlers against slavery

Became a hero in the north

Led the insurrection in Virginia against slaveholders by raiding Harpers Ferry

Was captured and hanged

Section 4Election of 1860

Lincoln won without any southern state supportDemocratic vote was split between North and South, making

the candidates split votes vs LincolnSet the wheels in motion for the secession of the southern

states

Causes EffectsSlavery

Kansas Nebraska Act Violence

Dred Scott Ruling

John Brown’s raid

Southern States Secession

Confederates attacked Ft. Sumter in South Carolina

Slavery outlawed in the U.S.

Southern States rebuilt their economy

African Americans gain citizenship and the right to vote

First Civil Rights laws were passed