CH 1 First Humans
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Transcript of CH 1 First Humans
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PrehistoryPrehistoryThe time before
the written word.
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How do we How do we find our past?find our past?
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How do we How do we find our past?find our past?
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Methods of Dating
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Stratigraphy,Tree Rings,Road Cuts
Dating
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Radio-Carbon DatingRadio-Carbon Datingdetermines an object’s age by measuring the amount of C-14
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AMS (Accelerator Mass Spectrometry) AMS (Accelerator Mass Spectrometry)
• Another name for Radio-Carbon Dating• Used for samples that are far tinier than that
needed for standard radiocarbon dating • In AMS dating, researchers use an
accelerator-based mass spectrometer to count all the C14 atoms, rather than just those atoms which are decaying.
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Blood MoleculesBlood MoleculesMay survive Millions of years and yield DNA information
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Thermo luminescence dating Thermo luminescence dating determines an object’s age by measuring the light given off by electrons trapped in the surrounding soil
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Early HominidsEarly Hominids
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Hominids:Hominids: Having Human Characteristics
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The study of past societies through an analysis of the items people left behind them
ArchaeologyArchaeology
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ArtifactsArtifacts tools, pottery, paintings, weapons, buildings & household items left behind by early people
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Oldest Hominid Remains Found in…Oldest Hominid Remains Found in…
Olduvai GorgeEast Africa
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AustralopithecusAustralopithecusDiscovered by Donald Johanson
3-4 million years old
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Australopithecus
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What Lucy Looked Like…What Lucy Looked Like…
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AustralopithecusAustralopithecus First uprighthominid
““southern apes”southern apes”
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Mary Leakey
Louis LeakeyPAGE 18
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Their son Richard Leakey discovers an Australopithicus skull
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Australopithicusfootprints
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Leakey Legacy
“Theories on prehistory and early man constantly change as new evidence comes to light.”
-Richard Leakey
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Newsweek July 22, 2002
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A remnant or impression of an organism from a past geologic age that has been preserved in the earth’s crust
FossilsFossils
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Homo erectusHomo erectus“upright human being”, a species that emerged around 1.5 million years ago; 2nd stage of early human development
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Homo erectus, Homo erectus, cont.cont.
Learned to use fire Learned to use fire to keep warm in to keep warm in colder areascolder areas
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Homo sapiensHomo sapiens “wise human being”a species that emerged around 250,000 years ago; 3rd stage in human development
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Homo sapiens sapiensHomo sapiens sapiens “wise, wise human being”
a species that appeared in Africa between 150,000 & 200,000 years ago
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Homo sapiens Homo sapiens sapienssapiens they were the first anatomically modern humans WE BELONG TO THIS
GROUP TODAY.
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Who was Neaderthal?
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from the Greek for “Old Stone” the early period of human history, from approximately 2.5 million to 10,000 B.C., humans used simple stone tools
Paleolithic AgePaleolithic Age
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Lifestyle
Hunter-gathering
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Drawbacks to Hunting & GatheringDrawbacks to Hunting & Gathering
1. Food sources dry up2. No storage3. Isolation4. Short lifespan
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Major advancesMajor advances
•Mastery of fire•Language
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Technology
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Lascaux CaveLascaux Cave
Art
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ROCK ART PROJECTROCK ART PROJECT•Rough Draft Project due in class Monday
•Quiz on Vocab Wed/Thu•Test on Chapter 1 Next Fri•Pass out Project Info
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ROCK ART PROJECTROCK ART PROJECT• Assignment: Test Grade. You will
produce a cave drawing with symbols and icons. It will also include a basic sentence telling a person that might find this in the future who you are. You will also make your own alphabet. Write out the letters of our current English alphabet and then create a new symbol for each letter.
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End of 1st Section of Notes
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The Ice Age
Most recent: 100,000-8,000 BC
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Section 2:Neolithic Neolithic Revolution Revolution & Rise of & Rise of CivilizationsCivilizations
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New technology
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Pottery
Improvedtools (metalworking)
New New TechnologyTechnology
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Marked a new level of human control over their environment
Use of MetalsUse of Metals
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Rise of Villages
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High Point of Neolithic High Point of Neolithic AgeAge
•Catal Huyuk, located in modern-day Turkey, high point from 6700 to 5700 B.C.
•Mud brick houses
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Earliest Earliest WritingWriting
Cuneiforms
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Food surpluses made it possible for people to do things other than farming
•ArtisansArtisans – a skilled craftsperson who makes products such as weapons & jewelry
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•scribesscribes
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End of the Neolithic Age
•Copper, then Bronze tools led to the Bronze Age
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•Between 4000 & 3000 B.C.
•The use of metals marked a new level of human control over the environment & its resources
End of the Neolithic Age
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Bronze Sword
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Neolithic AgeNeolithic Age•Development of Cities•Mastered the art of farming•More complex societies•Created armies & built walled cities
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6 characteristics of 6 characteristics of CivilizationsCivilizations
•1. Cities•2. Government•3. Religion•4. Social structure•5. Art•6. Writing
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THE END
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Essay QuestionsEssay Questions
1. Describe some of the dramatic changes that took place during the Neolithic Revolution and the consequences.
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Essay QuestionsEssay Questions
2. Explain how the roles of men and women changed from the Paleolithic Age to the Neolithic Age.