Cessna Report
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CESSNA 172R
Project Report
On
CESSNA 172R
Submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of
degree of
Bachelors of Technology
in
AERONAUT!A" EN#NEERN#
Under the #uidance ofEr. Mandeep SinghChief Engineer
Submitted byKomal Sidana1!117!"#7
$epartment of Aerona%tical Engineering
&%r%'%l (id)apeeth *n+tit%te of Engineering , -echnolog)an%r
&%r%'%l (id)apeeth *n+tit%te of Engineering. , -echnolog). 1
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CESSNA 172R
!ertificate
Certified that thi+ project entitled /!ESSNA $%&R0 +%mitted ) Komal Sidana
(100811780637),+t%dent of Aerona%tical Engineering $epartment &%r%'%l (id)apeeth
*n+tit%te of Engineering , -echnolog) an%r in the partial f%lfillment of the re3%irement
for the a4ard of achelor+ of -echnolog) 5Aerona%tical Engineering6 $egree of P-
8alandhar i+ a record of +t%dent+ o4n +t%d) carried %nder m) +%per9i+ion , g%idance.
-hi+ report ha+ not een +%mitted to an) other %ni9er+it) or in+tit%tion for the a4ard of
an) degree.
Name of 'ro(ect #uide
$e+ignationEr) *andeep Singh
Chief Engineer
Head, Aeronautical Engineering Deptt)
&%r%'%l (id)apeeth *n+tit%te of Engineering. , -echnolog). 2
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CESSNA 172R
Ac+nowledgement
* o4e a great man) than'+ to a great man) people 4ho helped and +%pported me
d%ring the 4riting of thi+ oo'.
M) deepe+t than'+ to :ect%rer Er) *AN,EE' SN#-the &%ide of the project
for g%iding and correcting 9ario%+ doc%ment+ of mine 4ith attention and care. ;e ha+
ta'en pain to go thro%gh the project and ma'e nece++ar) correction a+ and 4hen needed.
* e for their +%pport.
* 4o%ld al+o than' m) *n+tit%tion and m) fac%lt) memer+ 4itho%t 4hom thi+
project 4o%ld ha9e een a di+tant realit).
&%r%'%l (id)apeeth *n+tit%te of Engineering. , -echnolog). #
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CESSNA 172R
Abstract
*nd%+trial training i+ one of the mo+t important component+ in the f%lfillment of an)
profe++ional co%r+e cond%cted at an) le9el and at an) college. Each one of %+ 4o%ld
al4a)+ ha9e an added ad9antage if 4e ha9e a chance to come and face tool+ and the
proce++e+ 4e are eing ta%ght in the co%r+e. -he main p%rpo+e of the learning program i+
to e
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CESSNA 172R
Table of !ontents
!ONTENTS
S.N. -itlePage No.
1. *ntrod%ction
Ao%t -he Project
2. -he Ce++na +tor)
#. $e+ign and $e9elopment
@. $ata+heet of Ce++na 172R
. Character+tic+
". &eneral
7. :imitation+
!. Emergenc) Proced%re+
B. Operational ;i+tor)
1. Accident+ And *ncident+
&%r%'%l (id)apeeth *n+tit%te of Engineering. , -echnolog).
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CESSNA 172R
NTRO,U!TON
!essna $%&R
Ce++na 172R
Role Ci9il %tilit) aircraft
National origin nited State+
*anufacturer CESSNA A*RCRA- COMPAND
&%r%'%l (id)apeeth *n+tit%te of Engineering. , -echnolog). "
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cessna172-CatalinaTakeOff.JPG -
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CESSNA 172R
T-E !ESSNA STOR.
-he hi+tor) of Ce++na a9iation egan in 8%ne 1B11 4hen Cl)de Ce++na a farmer inRago Kan+a+ %ilt a 4oodandfaric airplane and ecame the fir+t per+on to %ild andfl) a po4ered aircraft in the heartland of America et4een the Mi++i++ippi Ri9er and theRoc') Mo%ntain+.
Cl)de Ce++na +tarted hi+ aircraft 9ent%re+ in Enid O'lahoma te+ting man) of hi+ earl)de+ign+ on the +alt flat+. Fhen an'er+ in Enid al'ed at pro9iding capital he mo9ed toFichita.
*n 1B2@ Ce++na partnered 4ith :lo)d C. Stearman and Falter ;. eech to form the-ra9el Air Man%fact%ring Co. *nc. and +er9ed a+ it+ pre+ident. *n 8an%ar) 1B27 he left-ra9el Air to form hi+ o4n %+ine++ the Ce++na Aircraft Compan). -he fir+t of hi+ ne4monoplane de+ign+ the GPhantomG fle4 on A%g%+t 1# 1B27. ollo4ing that thecompan) created a +erie+ of +%cce++f%l fo%r and +i
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CESSNA 172R
$%ring thi+ period Ce++naH+ nephe4 $4ane Fallace had een 4or'ing for Falter eechdoing engineering anal)+e+ on iplane+. Fallace 4ho+e lo9e of fl)ing had een 'indleda+ a teenager +oloed in a 4ell4orn -ra9el Air in March 1B#2 and later earned hi+ pri9atepilot licen+e. Altho%gh he contin%ed to 4or' diligentl) for eech $4ane had a dreamI he4a+ contemplating plan+ to reopen the Ce++na Aircraft Compan). ;i+ gamle 4a+ that the
p%lic 4o%ld %) an %pgraded 9er+ion of Ce++naH+ 1B2! Model AF cain monoplane.
*n 8an%ar) 1B#@ $4ane Fallace 4ith hi+ rother $4ight a talented attorne) 4re+tedcontrol of their %ncleH+ derelict compan) from the oard of director+. Fith $4ane at thehelm the Ce++na Aircraft Compan) 4a+ reorn and the proce++ of %ilding it into agloal +%cce++ 4a+ eg%n.
*n 1B@! Ce++na introd%ced the 17 a fo%rplace tail 4heel airplane po4ered ) a 1@hor+epo4er Continental engine. -he airplane an o9io%+ %pgrade from the compan)H+pre9io%+ 1@ model 4a+ a pop%lar impro9ement. *n No9emer 1B the tric)clederi9ati9e of the 17 fir+t fle4. *t entered +er9ice in 1B" and 4a+ an o9ernight +%cce++.
O9er 1@ 4ere %ilt in it+ ina%g%ral )ear. -hi+ ne4 airplane later to e 'no4n a+ theSky hawk 4o%ld ecome the mo+t 4idel) prod%ced light aircraft in hi+tor). Ce++naH+ad9erti+ing ha+ oa+ted that it+ aircraft ha9e trained more pilot+ than tho+e of an) othercompan).
*n 1B! Ce++na 4a+ o%ght ) &eneral $)namic+ Corporation and in 1B!" prod%ction ofpi+tonengine aircraft 4a+ di+contin%ed. O9er # 172+ had een man%fact%red %p%ntil that point. -he compan) cited prod%ct liailit) a+ the ca%+e for their demi+e. -hecorporationH+ CEO R%++ Me)er +aid that prod%ction 4o%ld re+%me if a more fa9oraleprod%ct liailit) en9ironment 4ere to de9elop. *n 1BB2 -e
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CESSNA 172R
,ES#N AN, ,E/E"O'E*ENT
Mea+%red ) it+ longe9it) and pop%larit) the Ce++na 172 i+ the mo+t +%cce++f%l aircraftin hi+tor). Ce++na deli9ered the fir+t prod%ction model+ in 1B". A+ of 212 Ce++na andit+ partner+ had %ilt aro%nd ". -he Scha4'+ main competitor+ ha9e een theeech craft M%+'eteerand &r%mman AA +erie+5neither in prod%ction6 the PiperChero'ee and more recentl) the$iamond $A@.
-he Ce++na 172 +tarted life a+ a tric)cle landing gear 9ariant of the tail draggerCe++na
17 4ith a a+ic le9el of +tandard e3%ipment. *n 8an%ar) 1B Ce++na fle4 an impro9ed9ariant of the Ce++na 17 a Continental O#Apo4ered Ce++na 17C 4ith a largerele9ator and more ang%lar 9ertical tail. Altho%gh the 9ariant 4a+ te+ted and certifiedCe++na decided to modif) it 4ith a tric)cle landing gear and the modified Ce++na 17Cfle4 again on 12 8%ne 1B. -o red%ce the time and co+t of certification the t)pe 4a+added to the Ce++na 17 t)pe certificate a+ the Model 172. :ater the 172 4a+ gi9en it+o4n t)pe certificate #A12. -he 172 ecame an o9ernight +ale+ +%cce++ and o9er 1@4ere %ilt in 1B" it+ fir+t f%ll )ear of prod%ction.
Earl) 172+ 4ere +imilar in appearance to the 17+ 4ith the +ame +traight aft f%+elage and
tall gear leg+ altho%gh the 172 had a +traight 9ertical tail 4hile the 17 had a ro%nded fin
and r%dder. :ater 172 9er+ion+ incorporated re9i+ed landing gear and the +4eptac' tail
4hich i+ +till in %+e toda). -he final ae+thetic de9elopment in the mid1B"+ 4a+ a
lo4ered rear dec' allo4ing an aft 4indo4. Ce++na ad9erti+ed thi+ added rear 9i+iilit) a+
GOmni(i+ion.G Ce++na ha+ not changed the airframe config%ration +ince then e
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CESSNA 172R
Prod%ction halted in the mid1B!+ %t re+%med in 1BB" 4ith the 1" hp 512 'F6
Ce++na 172R S') ha4'.
,ata Sheet0 !essna $%&R
1eightsAircraft N%mer Empt) Feight Empt) Moment +ef%l :oad
2#!2R 1"!.2 l+. "B.@ 7"@.! l+.
*a2imum 1eights Normal tilit)
Ramp Feight 2@7 l+. 217
:+
-a'eoff Feight 2@ l+. 21 l+
:anding Feight 2@ l+. 21 l+
aggage Feight 12 l+. empt)
Area 1 12 l+. empt)Area 2 l+. empt)
'owerplant
&%r%'%l (id)apeeth *n+tit%te of Engineering. , -echnolog). 1
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CESSNA 172R
EngineI -e
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CESSNA 172R
e t%rned off prior to +tarting the engine to pre9ent harmf%l tran+ient 9oltage+ fromdamaging the a9ionic+ e3%ipment. -he ammeter +ho4+ a di+charge or a charge on theatter) and +ho%ld remain at or near the ?ero indication after a rief charging period.
'itot0Static System
S)+tem de+criptionI -he +)+tem i+ +tandard 4ith a heated pitot head %nder the left 4ingand t4o +tatic port+ on either +ide of the no+e co4ling. -he alternate +tatic +o%rce i+located on the panel ao9e the throttle and +%pplie+ +tatic pre++%re from in+ide thecoc'pit.
BEST #",E S'EE, 45 6AS
Stall in landing config%ration (+o ## K*AS
Stall in cr%i+e config%ration (+1 @@ K*ASRotation +peed (r K*ASe+t angle of clim +peed (< " K*ASe+t rate of clim +peed () 7" K*AS
Mane%9ering +peed (a 2@ l+. BB K*AS 21 l+. B2 K*AS 1" l+ !2 K*AS
lap+ e
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CESSNA 172R
Specifications 7$%&R8
Ce++na 172R in+tr%ment panel
#eneral characteristics
!rew9 one !apacity9 three pa++enger+
"ength9 27 ft 2 in 5!.2! m6
1ingspan9 #" ft 1 in 511. m6
-eight9 ! ft 11 in 52.72 m6
1ing area9 17@ +3 ft 51".2 m26
Aspect ratio9 7.#2
&%r%'%l (id)apeeth *n+tit%te of Engineering. , -echnolog). 1#
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_instrumentshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GLFC9.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GLFC9.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_instruments -
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CESSNA 172R
Airfoil9 modified NACA 2@12
Empty weight9 1"B1 l 57"7 'g6
#ross weight9 2@ l 51111 'g6
3uel capacity9 " S gallon+ 5212 litre+6
'owerplant9 1 :)coming *O#":2Afo%r c)linder hori?ontall) oppo+ed
aircraft engine 1" hp 512 'F6 'ropellers9 2laded metal
'erformance
!ruise speed9 122 'n 51@ mph 22" 'mh6
Stall speed9 @7 'n 5@ mph !7 'mh6 5po4er off flap+ do4n6
Ne:er e2ceed speed9 1"# 'n 51!! mph #2 'mh6 5*AS6
Range9 "B" nmi 5!1 mi 12!B 'm6 4ith @ min%te re+er9e Q
Po4er at 12 ft Ser:ice ceiling9 1# ft 5@1 m6
Rate of climb9 721 ftmin 5#."" m+6 1ing loading9 [email protected] l+3 ft 5"!." 'gm26
#ENERA"9
EN#NE
N%mer of Engine+I 1.Engine Man%fact%rerI -e
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CESSNA 172R
SE O NAPPRO(E$ E:S MAD RES:- *N $AMA&E -O -;E EN&*NEAN$ E: SDS-EM COMPONEN-S RES:-*N& *N POSS*:E EN&*NEA*:RE.
Appro9ed %el &rade+ 5and Color+6I
1:: &rade A9iation %el 5l%e6.1 &rade A9iation %el 5&reen6.
3uel !apacity9
-otal Capacit)I ". .S. gallon+.-otal +aleI #. .S. gallon+.-otal Capacit) Each -an'I 2!. .S. gallon+.-otal +ale Each -an'I 2". .S. gallon+.
To ensure ma2imum fuel capacity and minimi;e cross feeding when refueling