CESB 493 Development of Conceptual Design June 2014 PDF
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Transcript of CESB 493 Development of Conceptual Design June 2014 PDF
CESB 493“INTEGRATED CIVIL
ENGINEERING DESIGN PROJECT” DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL
ENGINEERING
Developing a Conceptual Design for IDP
13th Nov 2013
3
Seymour Papert
You can’t teach people everything they need to know.
The best you can do is position them where they can find what they need to know when they need to know it.
Chinese Proverb
CAPSTONE
DESIGN
CLASS
LECTURES
CAPSTONE
DESIGN
CLASS
LECTURES
LIMITATION
EAC Panel requires that we conduct a capstone design project as a compulsory course/subject and not as an elective.
Hence, decision was made to make CESB 493 Integrated Civil Engineering Design Project as a compulsory course/subject effective Sem II 2008-2009.
New 127CH Capstone Design is Core Subject
AUTHENTIC REAL PROBLEMS IS BASED ON OPEN ENDED PROBLEMS WITH MULTIPLE CONSTRAINS AND SOLUTIONS
5
CASE STUDY REAL LIFE PROBLEM OPEN ENDED SOLUTION
UNIVERSITY SET-UP
PROBLEM BASED LEARNING UNIVERSITY SET-UP
CAPSTONE DESIGN
INDUSTRIAL PROBLEM OPEN ENDED SOLUTION
INDUSTRIAL SET-UP WORK BASED LEARNING
TYPE PROBLEM / SOLUTION
ENVIRONMENT
INDUSTRIAL PROBLEM OPEN ENDED SOLUTION
INDUSTRIAL SIMULATION
HYPOTHETICAL PROBLEM WELL DEFINE SOLUTION
MODEL OF PROBLEM ORGANISED PROJECT WORK
6
Industrial Consultancy Projects
Problem Analysis
Preliminary and Final Design Report
Authorities Special Lectures Industrial Talks
Company Profile & Bussiness Plan
Authorities Guidelines Code of Practice
Literature Review
Client Consultant Meeting
Tender Documents •Conditions of Contract •Bill of Quantities •Specifications •Drawings •Design Calculations
CAPSTONE DESIGN PROCESS
OUTPUT
PROCESS
INPUT
•Schedule of Task •Monitoring of Progress
•Evaluation by Industrial Panel
MISSING LINK BETWEEN FUNDAMENTALS
& DESIGN PROCESS
THEORY & FUNDAMENTALS OF ENGINEERING KNOWLEDGE
MISSING LINK?
1 2 DETAIL DESIGN PROCESS
• SPREADSHEET
• SOFTWARE
• CAD-CAM
3
RELATIONSHIP OF CONCEPTUAL DESIGN IN THE
DESIGN PROCESS
THEORY & FUNDAMENTALS OF ENGINEERING KNOWLEDGE
CONCEPTUAL DESIGN
Demands Criteria
• Technical
• Cost
• Time
• Sustainability & Env
• Societal, Legal &Culture
• Public Health & Safety
1 2
DETAIL DESIGN PROCESS
• SPREADSHEET
• SOFTWARE
• CAD
3
MISSING LINK
RELATIONSHIP OF CONCEPTUAL DESIGN
IN THE DESIGN PROCESS
THEORY & FUNDAMENTALS OF ENGINEERING KNOWLEDGE
CONCEPTUAL DESIGN
6 Key Parameters
• Technical
• Cost
• Time
• Sustainability & Env
• Societal, Legal &Culture
• Public Health & Safety
1
2
PRELIMINARY DESIGN
• UBBL
• Guidelines
• Standard & Code
DETAIL DESIGN PROCESS
• SPREADSHEET
• SOFTWARE
• CAD
OPTIMAL SOLUTIONS EVALUATION & JUSTIFICATION
3
4
5
DEVELOPING A CONCEPTUAL MODEL
AUTHENTIC
INDUSTRIAL BASED PROBLEMS GIVEN
MEETING PROJECT OBJECTIVES BASED ON PROJECT/CLIENT REQUIREMENTS
1
2
GATHERING AND COLLECTING RELEVANT DATA/BACKGROUND INFORMATION
3
DEVELOPING CONCEPTUAL DESIGN WITH ALTERNATIVES
PRELIMINARY DESIGN
GENERATING AND ANALYZING ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS BY SYNTHESIZING & APPLYING APPROPRIATE CIVIL ENGINEERING KNOWLEDGE
MODELLING AND DESIGN PROCESS
CHOOSING THE OPTIMAL SOLUTION BASED ON
1. Technical
2. Cost
3. Time
4. Sustainability & Env
5. Societal, Legal &Culture
6. Public Health & Safety
JUSTIFICATION AND ITS FINAL SOLUTIONS
4
6
5
7
8
‘More time is spent for conceptual design, better and more appropriate solutions would be found.
The possibility to save money in the long perspective and creating additional value with little extra cost can be clearly found.
‘Engineering problems are under-defined; there are many solutions, good, bad and indifferent. The art is to arrive at a good
solution. This is a creative activity, involving imagination, intuition and deliberate choice.’
~Ove Arup
.
Effect of time spent on conceptual design (Dekker 2000)
Conceptual design is probably the most inspiring part of
engineers’ tasks but at the same time the most demanding of all.
Indeed, the more experienced the bridge engineer is, the more easily he or she can see the solution in his or her head and does not need to start from scratch.
The contradiction becomes obvious as conceptual design has to be the most creative part of the design. On one hand, engineers do not need to invent the wheel every time they approach a problem. On the other hand, if they already predefine the answer in their mind, they are already neglecting most of the other alternatives, which reduces the possibilities for new inventions and improvement of solutions.
Conceptual design
Preliminary design
Detailed design
Tendering & Award.
Site Possession
Construction
Handover
Defect Liability Period.
Design Construction Cycle
’Five-step’ approach for conceptual design
In this section the methodology by Niemeyer (2003) is explained shortly. The
methodology in the next slide which presents an overview of the whole process of
conceptual design – from need definition to proposal of the best solution.
It was developed by combining the methodologies of Kroll et al. (2001) and of
Engström (2002).
The methodology of Kroll et al (2001) is more theoretical and is useful for
understanding of problem solving theory and creation of innovative solutions,
while Engström proposed a practical approach to solve the problem and his methodology is suitable when used as a toolbox.
Five-step methodology proposed by Niemeyer (2003)
Location of building
layout and its
platform levels, cost
estimate, what
infrastructure
services needed and
the structural
systems, materials
with its construction
methodology
Technical
aspects such
as codes,
legal issues,
site
constraints,
authorities
requirements
etc
Identifying the
most important
points to the
client, generation
of ideas and
solutions is made.
Proposed solutions
with sketches,
preliminary
calculations and
explanations is worked
out. Configuration is a
divergent process
Proposed solutions in step
4 are evaluated and
ranked according to key
parameters. Evaluation is
a convergent process.
Divergent and Convergent
Thinking for Solving
Problems
Five-step methodology proposed by Niemeyer (2003)
1. ‘Need definition’ – the actual start of the project.
The basic needs with regard to where the building layout and its platform level will
be situated, cost estimate, what infrastructure services needed and the structural
systems with its construction methodology required. This part makes all the parties
familiar with the task and the main goals.
It is very important to identify the actual needs without thinking about solutions. Need
identification independent of solution space can lead to an innovative design. After
identification of the needs, they have to be analysed, which helps to set the limitations
of the project. If the needs are correctly identified then the risk of changing the whole
design later during the design phase has been reduced or eliminated. One procedure
to identify the real needs is to list all questions and issues systematically.
2. ‘Design requirements’ – at this stage the requirements are further clarified and all
technical aspects such as codes, legal issues, site constraints and others are
discussed.
This step gives a summary of the minimum needed functions and constraints.
Design requirements do not mean checking the performance and properties of the
product, since this can lead towards predefined solutions, which again can be a hurdle
for innovative design. Since design requirements guide the design process, the
quality of the product is directly influenced by them.
Five-step methodology proposed by Niemeyer (2003)
3. ‘Key parameter identification’ – simplification of the task and
transformation of it into a more abstract problem.
By identifying the most important points to the client, generation of
ideas and solutions is made. These solutions should try to satisfy the key
parameters as much as possible. Simplification is done by depriving the
less important factors or removing those factors, which are not important
in the beginning or during the conceptual design phase but can be relevant
in the later stages.
Secondly, trying to solve the most critical problems first is the way to be
able to continue developing the concept further.
4. ‘Configuration’ – more detailed information about the proposed
solutions with sketches, preliminary calculations and explanations is
worked out.
For the evaluation of the physical configuration it is important to
define some parameters like dimensions and material choice. Since this
is a repeated process, several options will arise. Moreover, opposite to
parameter identification, configuration is quite a divergent process.
5. ‘Evaluation’ –the proposed solutions in step 4 are evaluated and
ranked according to different parameters.
• One of the most crucial steps is the ‘Key parameter identification’.
The solutions that remain as promising must be further evaluated and
compared. In order to do that the engineer must know which
parameters and qualities of a specific buildings and its infrastructure
are of greater importance for the client.
Dekker (2000) Proposed 4 Different Ways
1. Ranking matrix – all the parameters are compared to each other.
For each comparison the parameter is given one of three possible values:
+ More important
– Less important
0 Equally important
After this all the values are summed and the parameters ranked. This method gives logical
outcome by comparing parameters to each other instead of randomly distributing a number of
points between them. However, it requires more time and effort.
Ranking matrix, from Dekker (2000)
Key Parameter Identification 1 2 3 4 5 6 Sum Ranking
1. Technical 0 + + + + + 5 1/2
2. Cost + 0 + + + + 5 1/2
3. Time + + 0 + - + 4 3/4
4. Sustainability & Env + + + 0 - + 3 3/4
5. Societal, Legal & Culture + + - - 0 - 2 6
6. Public Health & Safety + + + - - 0 3 5
2. Discursive Ranking
• the different parameters are given a ranking on various scales (1 to 10, 1 to 100)
depending on the designer. The choice follows the needed accuracy or
preferences. The most important parameter receives the highest amount of
points and vice versa. If two objectives are considered equally important, they
should receive an equal score.
Discursive Ranking from Dekker (2000) Distribution of values using fixed number/scale
Scale Key Parameters Identifications
1
2 Societal, Legal & Culture
3 Public Health & Safety
4
5 Sustainability & Env
6
7 Time
8 Technical
9
10 Cost
Dekker (2000) proposed four different ways to achieve this:)
3. Distribution of Values Using Fixed Number of Points
• This approach distributes a limited amount of points among the parameters.
• It is up to the designer to decide how much importance is put on different
parameters, while considering the project specific demands.
Distribution of values using a fixed
number of points, from Dekker (2000). Here 100 points are distributed between
parameters A, B, C, D, E and F
Key Parameters Identifications 100%
A. Technical 25
B. Cost 30
C. Time 15
D. Sustainability & Env 15
E. Societal, Legal & Culture 7
F. Public Health & Safety 8
100
Dekker (2000) proposed 4 different ways
4. Objective Tree
• The most analytical approach, which provides more consistency.
• Here different levels of parameters are present and only small groups of
parameters are compared to each other. The relative weight of a parameter is related
to the relative weight of the group of parameters to which it belongs.
Objective tree, from Dekker (2000) General view of the objective tree
Choice of Methods
• The choice of method depends on the decision of the designers and is not influencing
substantially the final results. More important is to take into account that different
parameters have different importance for a certain project.
• For some cases quicker methods such as distribution of values using fixed number of
points or discursive ranking are suitable, while when detailed analysis – objective tree
and ranking matrix give better results.
According to Dekker (2000), the following factors may affect the choice of evaluation method:
• Available time for evaluation
• Required accuracy of the comparison
• Information available
• Complexity of the problem
• Preferences of the designer or the team of designers
Finally, it is very important to do an evaluation of the results subjectively and analyze the
winning alternative. The highest score does not necessarily mean the best option.
Overview of Demands for Building Projects
Every structure has to meet a wide range of demands. Six main areas were outlined by Engström
(2002) for buildings in general They are systemized below.
Life-cycle design philosophies have taken hold
resulting in nearly zero net waste and great
savings in energy consumed for waste disposal.
Virtually everything is recycled and re-used
Overview of Demands for Building Projects
Every structure has to meet a wide range of demands. Modified 9 main key areas were
outlined They are systemized below.
Societal, Legal & Culture Disabled user, UBBL, Sensitivity
M&E Services Loading , vibration, M&E floor envelope, opening in beams, floor, trenches etc
Technical Resistance • Loads • Actions Serviceability • Deflections, vibrations etc Guidelines Authorities Codes Clearance, protections
Safety & Public Health Erection Methods, Mosquito Control
3 6
5
9
8
4
2
1
3
7
CRITERIA INFRA / STRUCTURAL
Technical FeasibilityPO2a PO2b
Cost PO2a PO2b
Time PO2a PO2b
Societal Legal & Cultural PO6a
Public Health & Safety PO6b
Sustainability & Environment PO7
1.Project Management +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/-
2.Geotechnical +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/-
3.Water/Sewer/Environment +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/-
4. Highway and Drainage +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/-
5. STRUCTURES • Choice of
Materials +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/-
• Structural Systems
+/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/-
• Construction Methods
+/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/-
Conceptual Design based on Ranking Matrix
PM & INFRA
Cost, time, technically feasible, environmental and sustainability to be substantiate with data.
Low/Medium/High
Layout Option 1 & Layout Option 2
Technical Feasibility PO2a PO2b
Cost PO2a PO2b
Time PO2a PO2b
Societal Legal & Cultural PO6a
Public Health & Safety PO6b
Sustaina-bility & Env PO7
Project Manager
L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H
Geotechnical L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H
Water/Sewer/Env
L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H
Road & Drainage
L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H
Conceptual Design based on Ranking Matrix
Structures
Cost, time, technically feasible environmental and sustainability to be substantiate with data.
Low/Medium/High
Options based on the followings:
Technical Feasibility PO2a PO2b
Cost PO2a PO2b
Time PO2a PO2b
Societal Legal & Cultural PO6a
Public Health & Safety PO6b
Sustaina-bility & Env PO7
• Material L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H
• Construction Methods
L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H
• Structural Systems
L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H
Bukit Jalil Site : Location
Bukit Jalil Site Analysis– get details from Topographical Map, Geology Map, SI Reports, Site Visits and Meeting & Letters to relevant Authorities
SWAMP HILL
HILL
Contour in ft
1
2
FEDERAL TERRITORY
Contour in m
Conceptual Toolbox on Infrastructure Demands – To propose 2 Layouts
Economical Cost Efficiency • Construction Cost • Maintenance Cost Time Efficiency • Construction Time • Prefabrication time
Water Supply • Available Pressure
Head • Syabas Guideline • MWA Manual • Water demand • Network design concept • Tapping point • Max and residual
pressure • Elevated Water Tank ?
Geotechnical Earthwork Platform • Authorities guideline • Balance cut and fill • Lot boundary • Soil Profile • Rock level • Soft ground • Unsuitable Material
Slope • Ground water table • SI Design parameter
Factor of safety
Foundation • Loading • SI Design parameter • Shallow • Deep • Settlement • Bearing • Soil improvement
Project Management • Gantt Chart/ Microsoft Project • Preliminary Costing • Bill of Quantities • Specifications • Condition of Contract • Project Conceptual Development
Highway • Arahan Teknik/REALM • Access Road • Gradient • Cut and balance earthwork • Lane & Kerb requirement • Traffic & Pavement requirement
Drainage • Qpre vs Qpost • On site detention • Flood level • Discharge point • Drainage on slope • Drainage culvert
Safety & Public Health • Site safety • Erection Methods • Health Control • Workers Accommodation • Site Sanitation
Societal, Legal & Culture • Disabled user, • Law suit • Culture sensitivity
Environmental • Sustainability • Produced waste • Effect on habitat and
nature • Efficient use of
resources & materials • Temporary works • Environmental management
plan
Conceptual Toolbox on Infrastructure Demands Related to
Earthwork Platform – Based on 2 Layouts
Project Manager Economical Cost Efficiency • Construction Cost • Maintenance Cost Time Efficiency • Construction Time • Prefabrication time Water Supply
• Supply level/ Available Pressure Head
• Materials used • Water demand • Network design concept • Tapping point • Max and residual pressure • Sunction and storage tank • Pumping requirements • Type of valves used • Elevated Water Tank ? • River crossing ?
Geotechnical Earthwork Platform • Authorities guideline • Balance cut and fill • Lot boundary • Soil Profile • Rock level • Soft ground • Unsuitable Material
Slope • Ground water table • SI Design parameter
Factor of safety
Highway • Access Road • Gradient Requirements • Traffic Safety • Balance Cut and Fill with
general E/Works • Traffic flow and circulation • Lane design
Drainage • Qpre vs Qpost • On site detention • Lined or unlined channel • Types of material/drains • Flood level • Discharge point • Drainage on slope berm, cut off, cascade, energy dissipators, toe drain, catch pit etc • Drainage culvert Size,class,shape,construction types etc • Silt trap
Safety & Public Health (All) • Site safety • Erection Methods • Health Control • Workers Accommodation • Site Sanitation
Societal, Legal & Culture • User friendly • Litigation Law suit • Culture sensitivity
Environmental & Sustainability (All) • Produced waste • Effect on habitat and
nature • Efficient use of
resources & materials • Temporary works • Environmental management
plan
Conceptual Toolbox for Structural Demands
Economical Cost Efficiency • Construction Cost • Maintenance Cost Time Efficiency • Construction Time • Prefabrication time
STRUCTURE DEMANDS • Code of Practice
Choice of Materials • Steel • Concrete • Composite • Timber
Structural System Gravity System • Slab Systems • Beams Systems • Column /Wall System Lateral Load System • Bracing • Frame action • Shear Wall
Production & Construction Methods • Cast in situ • Prefabricated systems
Project Management • Gantt Chart/ Microsoft Project • Preliminary Costing • Bill of Quantities • Specifications • Condition of Contract • Project Conceptual Development
Safety & Public Health • Site safety • Erection Methods • Health Control • Workers Accommodation • Site Sanitation
Societal, Legal & Culture • Disabled user, • Law suit • Culture sensitivity
Environmental & Sustainability • Produced waste • Effect on habitat and
nature • Efficient use of
resources & materials • Temporary works • EMP • Formwork Requirements?
TO BE REVIEWED AT LATER STAGE • Service Life Design • Architectural Requirements • M&E Services • Value Engineering • Design Audit
Students are expected to spend about 9 hours a week on this course.
Week 2 to submit company profile and a business plan.
Submission of Conceptual & Preliminary report will be in week 7
Submission of the final written report and detailed design will be due in Week 14.
The Final Project Presentations will be organized in Week 13.
CONCEPTUAL TASK FOR INFRA & STRUCTURES
1.0 FIVE STEP METHODOLOGY
2.0 RANKING CRITERIA USED
3.0 CONCEPTUAL TOOLBOX BASED ON 6 KEY
PARAMETERS • Technical
Cost
Time
Sustainability and environment.
Societal, legal, culture,
Public health and safety
4.0 Preliminary Costing
5.0 Preliminary Calculation
6.0 Schematic Drawings
Assessment of the Preliminary Report & Conceptual Design will be based on the following:
A brief scene setting introduction to the context of the design
project. A clear statement of the project objectives and design
parameters Collection of information about the constraints and the
requirements to be embodied in the design solution To develop conceptual design of the capstone projects in
terms of cost, time, technical feasibility, environmental, sustainability , societal, legal, culture, public health and safety
requirements within the site constraints for the purpose of developing the most optimum solutions for the given civil engineering design project. This is the most critical elements for the conceptual capstone design project.
Proposing design solution based on the matrix ranking for the best infrastructure layout solutions, minimum cut and balance earthwork with the optimum foundation, structural optimization for the structural systems, material types and construction methods. Key plan, shapes, initial sizes etc of all design components with preliminary design calculations.
A project schedule in Gantt Chart form to provide an estimated timeline of the project deliverables and important milestones
Conceptual requirements on project initial cost estimate for Client’s budget requirements
Conceptual & Detailed Design: Each student shall develop and produced a
conceptual design based on cost, time, technical feasibility, sustainability societal, culture, public health and safety requirements and detailed final design report with complete Tender Documents for construction purposes and construction cost estimates for the integrated design project.
Students are required to conduct their own weekly technical meeting – with recorded minutes of meeting and maintain a design project blog/facebook/Whatapps, which will serve as a diary of activities and accomplishments involving the student which may help the instructors to monitor the overall progress.
T
he w
eig
hti
ng o
f th
ese e
valu
ati
ve
measure
s f
or
dete
rmin
ing f
inal g
rad
e
dis
trib
uti
ons w
ill b
e:
Entrepreneurship skills (PO12b) - Company Profile & Business Plan
(due in week 2) 5%
Conceptual Design Report Conceptual Design with cost estimate due in week 7 (PO2a&2b) 20%
Detailed Design Report &
Tender Documents
Detailed Design inclusive of Tender Documents & BQ
(due in week 14) (PO2a & PO2b) 35%
40%
Tender Drawings (due in week 14) ( PO2a and PO2b) 5%
Project Presentation,
Teamwork & Life Long
Learning (Rubrics
Assessment)
Societal , Legal & Cultural Week 7 & 14 ( PO6a) 2.5%
35%
Public Health & Safety Week 7 & 14 (PO6b) 2.5%
Environmental & Sustainability (PO7)
Week 7 – Preliminary (5%) Week 14 – Final (5%) 10%
Complex Oral & Writing Communication (PO9c) 5%
Life Long Learning (PO11) 2.5%
Project Management (PO12a) 2.5%
Teamwork 5%
TOTAL 100%