CERVICAL CANCER KNOWLEDGE & SCREENING UPTAKE AMONG WOMEN IN EMBU COUNTY,KENYA. ANNE MURUGI 1,2...
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Transcript of CERVICAL CANCER KNOWLEDGE & SCREENING UPTAKE AMONG WOMEN IN EMBU COUNTY,KENYA. ANNE MURUGI 1,2...
CERVICAL CANCER KNOWLEDGE & SCREENING UPTAKE AMONG WOMEN
IN EMBU COUNTY,KENYA.
ANNE MURUGI1,2
1.Amref Health Africa
2.University of Nairobi
1
BACKGROUND• Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide and
accounted for 8.2 million deaths in 2012. • Cervical cancer. leading cause of cancer deaths among
women in developing countries.• 529,409 new cases occurred globally, with 274,883 of the
women (52% of cases) dying.• 86% of the cases occur in developing countries• In SSA : magnitude of the problem is under-recognized and
under-prioritized.• In Kenya-second most frequent cancer among women and
the leading cause of cancer deaths in women of reproductive age.
• 2454 new cases and 1676 deaths are reported every year• Only 3.2% of women in Kenya have been screened for
cervical cancer.(WHO 2008,WHO2013)
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PROBLEM STATEMENT
• Morbidity and mortality of cervical cancer can be reduced through regular screening
• Screening is available in most facilities (VIA/VILI) and Pap smear
• Screening levels still remain low • Study findings will provide relevant information
to increasing uptake in rural areas
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OBJECTIVES
• Broad objective• To determine factors associated with cervical
cancer screening uptake among women in Embu county, Kenya
• Specific objectives1.To determine cervical cancer awareness &
knowledge among women in Embu2.To determine awareness & knowledge of cervical
cancer screening 3.To determine the uptake of cervical cancer
screening 4.To determine barriers to cervical cancer
screening uptake
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METHODOLOGY
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Study design
Cross- sectional study survey
Quantitative study Study population
Women aged 18 years and above
Inclusion Criteria
All women aged 18 and above who gave consent
Exclusion Criteria
Declined to consent
Ethical Considerations
Ethics approval
Informed consent
Confidentiality
Study site
Embu County
Data collection
Structured Questionnaire
Sampling
Multi stage cluster sampling
Sample size
269 women
Data management and analysis
Coding, data entry SPSS 17
Frequencies
Bivariate analysis
SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHICS
Characteristics Classification Frequency Percent
Age in years <25 51 19.025-34 102 37.935-44 64 23.845-54 33 12.355-64 12 4.5>64 7 2.6Total 269 100
Marital status single (never married) 58 21.6Married 177 65.8Separated 20 7.4Divorced 1 0.4Widowed 13 4.8Total 269 100
Education level Primary 123 45.7Secondary 104 38.7Technical College 30 11.2University 2 0.7None 10 3.7Total 269 100
Employment status Employed Fulltime 34 12.6Employed part time 7 2.6Unemployed 46 17.1Self-employed 163 60.6Full time home maker(house wife) 15 5.6Retired 3 1.1Others 1 0.4Total 269 100
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Knowledge of signs of cervical cancer Yes No Don't know
Vaginal bleeding between menses 31.6% 10.4% 58.0%
Persistent vaginal discharge with unpleasant smell 32.7% 10% 57.2%
Vaginal bleeding after menopause 34.6% 3.3% 62.1%
Bleeding during or after sex 29.0% 7.4% 63.6%
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CERVICAL CANCER RISK FACTORS Risk factors of cervical cancer
Disagree Not sure Agree
Infection with HPV 5.6% 70.6% 23.5%
Smoking cigarettes 14.1% 51.7% 34.2% Weakened immune system
13.1% 58.6% 28.1%
Infection with STI's 9.3% 53.2% 37.3%
Having multiple sexual partners
11.6% 50.6% 37.7%
Having many children
31.2% 58.7% 10.0%
Having a sexual partner with multiple partners
13.4% 53.9% 32.7%
Not going for regular screening
11.9% 52.8% 35.3%
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ASSOCIATIONS
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Tests of association p-value
Association between economic status and uptake of cervical cancer screening
0.027
Association between awareness of cervical cancer and age of respondent
0.031
Association between cervical cancer awareness and screening uptake
<0.001
Association between awareness of cervical cancer screening and uptake
<0.001
Association between knowledge of prevention of cervical cancer and screening uptake
<0.001
CONCLUSION• Awareness of cervical cancer screening
among the respondents was high • Knowledge of the signs and symptoms and
risk factors associated with cervical cancer was low.
• Screening uptake was very low despite the high levels of awareness of cervical cancer and cervical cancer screening.
• Awareness of cervical cancer, awareness of cervical cancer screening and knowledge of modes of prevention of cervical cancer were critical in determining cervical cancer screening uptake among the women.
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RECOMMENDATIONS
To the Government and County Governments• Awareness campaigns and education
programmes to encompass signs and symptoms, risk factors and modes of prevention of the disease.
Research institutions • Studies to explore the disparity between high
awareness and low uptake should be conducted.
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