Certifying Energy Efficiency of Building Automation and ... · 2.3 Points assignment to A, B, C and...

eu.bac System – PART 5 – Classification System 2013-07-12

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eu.bac System

Certification Scheme

Certifying Energy Efficiency of Building Automation and Control Systems,

at first delivery and during the lifetime

Part 5: Classification System

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Contents 1 eu.bac System Certification Scheme ...................................................................... 3

1.1 Foreword ................................................................................................................................ 3 1.2 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 3 1.3 Scope ..................................................................................................................................... 3 1.4 Abbreviations.......................................................................................................................... 3

2 Classification ........................................................................................................... 4 2.1 Purpose of the Classification .................................................................................................. 4 2.2 Classification using Points ..................................................................................................... 4 2.3 Points assignment to A, B, C and D ....................................................................................... 4

3 Generally about the Check-list ................................................................................ 5 4 Detailed description ................................................................................................. 7

4.1 Point Scale related to Functions ............................................................................................ 7 4.2 Weights .................................................................................................................................. 8 4.3 Applications (groups of functions) – importance factors ........................................................ 9 4.4 Actual importance factor ...................................................................................................... 10 4.5 Importance factors depending on type of building ............................................................... 10 4.6 Sections of functions – relative importance ......................................................................... 11 4.7 Missing major functionality ................................................................................................... 12 4.8 Different functionality depending on available equipment ................................................... 13 4.9 Actual Importance of Section 7 Technical building management ........................................ 13 4.10 Different parts of a building and different types of spaces in a building .............................. 13

5 Explanation of the POINTS AND CLASS SUMMARY table ...................................14 6 eu.bac classification ...............................................................................................15

6.1 A+/A/B/C/D/E/F .................................................................................................................... 15

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1 eu.bac System Certification Scheme

1.1 Foreword

Various EU Directives and National regulations regarding energy savings and energy performance of buildings require proof of the energy efficiency. Building automation systems have a significant influence on the overall energy efficiency of buildings and therefore this eu.bac System Certification Scheme has been devised in respect of the legal requirements.

The eu.bac System Certification Scheme will assure the user a high level of performance of the systems, as defined in the EU Directives and relevant EN standards. The acknowledgement of the certification is the eu.bac System Certificate that expresses conformity with EU Directives, quality EN standards, and the eu.bac System Technical Recommendations, and provides performance efficiency, trust and market transparency to the benefit of the building owner and occupant.

1.2 Introduction

The eu.bac System Certification Scheme consists of:

Part 1: “Certification Scheme – General Rules” includes the general requirements on certification of systems for building automation. The Certification Scheme defines how to obtain and maintain certification, the functionality of the system and the details of the procedures.

Part 2: “Technical Recommendations” includes the technical recommendations for functionality of the Building Automation and Control System, to be used for audit, etc. of a building automation system.

Part 3: “Check-list” is the Inspector’s tool to conduct an inspection in a natural way, detailing the rooms, zones, and equipment spaces (air handlers, boilers, etc.) of the building. The markings in the Check-list Excel file will be the recording of the audit, as well as the basis for calculating the classification of the BACS installation according the eu.bac Classification System and the EN 15232 A, B, C, D classification.

Part 4: “Specification of KPIs” describes the Key Performance Indicators recommended by eu.bac to be implemented in the installed BACS of a building.

Part 5: “Classification System” is a detailed description of how the eu.bac System points are calculated to arrive at the overall eu.bac System rating of the BACS in a particular building using the Check-list.

Part 6: “Inspector Training and Authorisation” describes how Inspectors should be trained and what test they have to pass before being approved as eu.bac System Inspectors.

1.3 Scope

The scope of the eu.bac System Certification Scheme applies to Building Automation and Control Systems (BACS), including e.g. artificial lighting, blinds and shutters, heating controllers, individual single room controllers, building automation systems, room automation systems, and integrated building management systems.

BACS is the description of products, software, and engineering services for automatic controls, monitoring and optimisation, human intervention, and management to achieve energy efficient, economical and safe operation of building services equipment.

1.4 Abbreviations

BACS – Building Automation and Control System

eu.bac System – Certification scheme for energy efficiency in BACS

EN – European Norm

EN 15232:2012 – Energy performance of buildings – Impact of Building Automation, Controls and Building Management

EPBD – Energy Performance of Buildings Directive

eu.bac – European Building Automation & Controls Manufacturers Association

ISO – International Organization for Standardization

TR – Technical Recommendations

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2 Classification This document is directly connected and consistent with the Check-list. The purpose is to explain the way classification is implemented and which rules and calculations that apply.

2.1 Purpose of the Classification

The main purpose of the classification is to establish a relationship between the class and the capability of energy efficiency for the installed BACS. This will serve as a driver to promote the use of more energy efficient functions of the BACS.

2.2 Classification using Points

Points are used to classify the BACS installation. That is to say that the more points you get, the better energy efficiency the BACS installation should be capable of providing.

Using points provides a flexible and multi-value scale that does not impose the restrictions of having a finite classification like A/B/C/D.

However, since the eu.bac System Certification is based on EN 15232:2012 and the eu.bac System Technical Recommendations, it is important to be able to relate the points back to the EN 15232 classes called A, B, C and D. How this is done is described in another section below.

Advantages with a point scale over A/B/C/D classification include:

The total amount of points may relate quite nicely to the BACS energy efficiency – the more points the better BACS energy efficiency.

Individual functions may be allocated different amounts of points depending on their relative importance for the BACS energy efficiency.

The individual point values of functions may be fine tuned over time when the impact on energy efficiency is re-evaluated.

New functions with additional points may be added over time, extending the scale.

Point ranges (e.g. 91p – 100p) may be allocated names, e.g. A+, A, B, C, D, E, F or Silver, Gold, Platinum.

These ranges may be modified over time to provide a new challenge to building owners.

Disclaimer: Although the goal with the point scale is to relate the number of points to energy efficiency, it is not claimed that two buildings with the same number of points will have equal energy consumption, nor that a building with higher number of points than another building also has lower energy use. The rating is relative – not absolute.

Notice: This document describes the use and calculation of points based on examples. The actual point values in the Check-list have priority and may be different from the ones used in the examples.

2.3 Points assignment to A, B, C and D

As described above the assignment of points directly relate to functions listed in the EN 15232:2012 standard. There is also additional functionality that may give points.

The individual functions have been assigned points as follows: D = 0, C = 1, B = 2 and A = 3.

With a complex mix of functionality within the same application a weighted point’s value is calculated. The points relate back to EN 15232 functions and are converted to A/B/C/D. This is calculated in such a way that to reach an A, the point score has to be larger than the average of points for A and B, i.e. higher than 2,5, to reach a B it has to be higher than 1,5, etc.

According to the rules of EN 15232 to achieve an A, all applications (groups of functions), e.g. 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 etc., must be A. So the worst scoring group of functions decides the final classification according to A/B/C/D.

However there are some rules included in EN 15232:2012 that allow for missing functionality and functionality that has no substantial impact (< 5%) within the kind of energy used for Heating, Cooling, Ventilation, DHW, Lighting or Blinds. These rules are taken into consideration when calculating the final assessment results.

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3 Generally about the Check-list The check-list is a Microsoft Excel document to be used by inspectors when performing an audit in a building. The latest version is available from the eu.bac web site: system.eubac.org.

The document is organized in several sheets in separate tabs:

The first SUMMARY tab is used to record basic building information and to present the summary result. It is also where the exception rule of EN 15232 (<5%) may be input.

Six tabs are used for the main recording of information from the Building Automation and Control System: Rooms, AHUs, Heating, Cooling, DHW and TBM.

The Notes tab should be used to record observations and motivations for specific selections made during the audit.

The Guidelines tab contains recommendations and advice for the auditor on filling out the information in the different other tabs.

The Energy Flow tab includes a model explaining the relationship between the technical systems and the different sections of EN 15232.

The DETAILS tab is used for calculations one level below the SUMMARY, and can be used to better understand the results.

The Type tab is listing importance factors used for evaluating different kinds of buildings: Office, Data Center, Education, Hospital, Hotel, Retail, Restaurant and Apartment building.

The Language tab contains all the wording in different languages. Currently English, German and French are fully implemented.

The last tab, Change log, lists the changes implemented in each new version.

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Each room/space, AHU, heating distribution network, heating plant, etc. should be recorded separately on one line in the respective sheets/tabs. However, if several rooms/spaces, AHUs, etc. have identical sizes, equipment and control functionality, they may be gathered in one line. It should be noted though, that too much grouping will make the follow up of KPIs (see below) more difficult.

The information gathering sheets have space available for basic information about the room/space, AHU, etc., and all the different functionality options for each application mentioned in EN 15232:2012. The eu.bac Technical Recommendations (TR) describes these in more detail to help the selection of the right choice and advises how to check that the functionality is available in the building installation. In addition there are extended functionality options to record. These are also described in the TR.

For each application to be recorded in the check-list there is also Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) defined. If available from the operational BACS these will be used in periodic inspections to follow up on the performance of the application function recorded as available.

There are also four buttons available in the SUMMARY sheet:

One is to run a macro to import data from a check-list of the previous version. You will be asked to provide the path to the file and then all data from that file is imported into the new version.

One is to print an audit report which consists of the SUMMARY sheet and the Notes sheet on the default printer.

One is to send the audit report to eu.bac in an email. The check-list file is saved and included as an attachment to an email which is to be sent to [email protected].

One is to run a macro to unhide or hide the KPI columns, depending on the current state. Hiding KPI columns will simplify for the inspectors when making initial audits, and is the default state when opening an empty check-list downloaded from the eu.bac web site.

How to use the check-list in more detail to conduct an audit is taught in the technical training classes that are conducted by eu.bac and some of the participating vendor companies.

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4 Detailed description

4.1 Point Scale related to Functions

The basic idea is to have each function giving a specific number of points. As the EN 15232 table 2 is designed, functions are grouped in applications, and basically one of the functions is selected to indicate the functionality of the BACS, see example below.

Please note that 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 above are used as the end notation of a function, i.e. “No automatic control” is 1.1.0 and “Central automatic control” is 1.1.1, etc.

According to EN 15232 to classify the Heating Emission Control application, one of the functions 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 is selected, and gives a D, C, B or A.

Each function has also been assigned a number of points by eu.bac. The points are selected to be assigned from the non-residential classification, see 2.3 above, i.e. 0 - 3.

In the check-list the corresponding group is displayed as below. For each space one line is used to record the functionality implemented in that space in the actual building under assessment.

Empty Check-list

Check-list with one distribution network

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Not all application have four options classified from D to A. Here is another example:

Here you find function 3.3.2 being assigned 3 points because it is a class A function.

Empty Check-list

Check-list with one cooling plant

4.2 Weights

Normally a building consists of many rooms/spaces, several AHUs, heating plants etc. These may have different equipment installed and have different functionality.

In the check-list each space, AHU, heating distribution network, heating plant, etc. is described in one line. To be able to make an accurate classification different weights are applied to them.

For rooms/spaces the room area (m2 usable floor area) and estimated run time (% in operation of the

total available time in a year) are used as weights.

As can be seen, the 2 points from Small office will contribute 1,379, and the 3 points from Medium office will contribute 0,931. Together, the score will be 2,310, which will be considered class B (between 1,5 and 2,5 points) for 1.1 Heating emission control.

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For AHUs a weight factor (a number) and estimated run time (% in operation of the total available time in a year) are used as weights. The weight factor can be any number giving the relative size of the AHU, e.g. maximum number of m

3 per second.

For heating distribution networks, heating plants, cooling distribution networks, cooling plants and domestic hot water (DHW) only a weight factor (a number) is used. Again the weight factor can be any number giving the relative size.

For technical building management (TBM), the area covered by the respective BACS is used as weight.

4.3 Applications (groups of functions) – importance factors

One application or group of functions has to relate to another application in terms of how many points should be given to each of them. E.g. in the Lighting Control section there are two different applications with groups of functions:

Each application group should be treated separately, giving points to the different functions only considering their relative importance within the group. To value the importance of the groups to each other within the lighting control section Importance factors are used. They range from 0 to 10.

Thus the relative importance of each of the application groups is established, assigning them a multiplication factor to create an overall summary assessment that is relevant to the section in question of a typical building.

Example:

In the lighting control area the different application groups have been assigned a relative importance of 10 for 5.1 Occupancy control and an importance of 3 for 5.2 Daylight control.

The total number of points possible in the different sections is achieved if all the application groups score the maximum value (3). In this lighting control example the result is 19 but the maximum could add up to 39. The result of the section is normalized by dividing the total achieved score by the total number of points possible, multiplied by 100. In this example it gives a normalized score for the lighting section of 48,72.

The yellow POINTS and Potential columns give the resulting points out of the total for the building, and the potential additional points that could have been achieved with better control strategies and sometimes additional control equipment or sensors.

While the Result column for a specific section will be independent of the other sections, the POINTS and Potential columns are highly dependent on the results from the other sections.

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4.4 Actual importance factor

In the lighting control example above the actual importance factors (Actual Imp.) were the same as the importance factors. However, in some cases the actual may be lower than the initial.

As an example, if there is no daylight control implemented in the building it will not be considered and the actual importance factor will be 0.

This will result in a change of normalized score from 48,72 to 33,33.

4.5 Importance factors depending on type of building

There is an opportunity to weight the groups differently for different kinds of buildings, which is achieved by declaring the building to be of a specific type.

The following types of buildings have been defined:

Office

Data Center

Education

Hospital

Hotel

Retail

Restaurant

Apartment building

The type of building will then be used to assign importance factors for all the different application groups in the different sections.

Example:

Please note that initial importance factors may be different in the released current version of the Check-list. The intention is to fine tune the factors depending on feed-back from the field making audits of a larger number of buildings.

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4.6 Sections of functions – relative importance

The major sections of the BACS as listed in EN 15232:2012 are:

Heating control

Domestic hot water control

Cooling control

Ventilation and air conditioning control

Lighting control

Blind control

Technical building management

Additionally eu.bac has defined Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), some extended functionality and the use of certified products as being important for good energy performance too.

The points from these sections are to be summarized, which again is done using weights – importance factors.

These initial importance factors are of two kinds:

Some are numbers in the range 0 – 10 and will give a fixed weight (actual importance) depending on what equipment is available

Some are percentages that will be used to calculate a weight (actual importance) that is always the same % of the total actual importance

As a consequence the first kind of importance factors will have larger relative impact if functions (equipment) in other sections are not available, while the second kind always will have the same relative importance.

Example:

In the example above the final score of the classification is 83 points.

It should be noted that EN 15232 gives an opportunity to discard sections that have no substantial impact (< 5%) within the kind of energy use for Heating, DHW, Cooling, Ventilation, Lighting and Blinds.

In the example above domestic hot water supply control has been assessed to be very small and that is indicated with a 1 in the appropriate cell. As a consequence the Actual Importance is 0 and domestic hot water supply control is not included in the total number of points when calculating the final score.

It could also be noticed that the Actual Importance of blind control is also 0. This is because the building has no blinds, which is indicated in the assessment of the rooms in the check-list. There is more about handling of missing functionality in the section below.

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4.7 Missing major functionality

Some basic functionality inevitably will increase energy use, such as 3 Cooling control. Consequently not having cooling installed should not be penalized.

This can be accommodated for by not including the cooling functions in the total for those parts of the building that have no cooling.

Example:

In the example above the same building (previously scoring 83 points) without cooling would score 82 points, i.e. somewhat lower than with cooling: This is because the cooling control was scoring higher than the previous average (= efficient).

Some other functionality falls in the same category: There are buildings that do not have blinds installed because they are not needed in that climate zone. Some buildings have only natural ventilation. These should also not be penalized.

However, other functions that are not included should be penalized, such as lighting control (it is assumed that lights always are installed), and technical building management.

Some more detailed functionality also should not be penalized in the calculations, such as only having one generator for cooling.

Please note that 3.2 and 3.8 are not relevant for this example building – consequently, although the arithmetic sum of the Importance factors is 53, because there are only single generators in all cooling plants, the sum of Actual Importance factors is 41. With a maximum score of 3 in all relevant sections this gives a potential maximum result of 123 (i.e. 3*41). This is equivalent to a NORMALIZED TOTAL of 100.

In the table from the DETAILS tab above you can see the resulting score from the cooling area. The Result column gives the individual section scores adding up to 120, which is normalized to 97,56 (i.e.120/123*100), the NORMALIZED TOTAL. This value is transferred to the Norm. Score column in the SUMMARY tab.

The section scores are also given in the Points column that add up to 18,86 which is the rounded 19 shown in the SUMMARY tab. The potential column shows the additional points that could be given in the different sections if improved functionality was implemented. Please note that additional equipment also could lead to an improved overall score. The potential is calculated with the same basic assumptions as before. In the example above an additional generator with advanced sequencing could lead to an improved overall cooling score.

The last column gives the EN 15232 classification of the functionality based on the scores of the different sections.

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4.8 Different functionality depending on available equipment

When there is equipment available for a specific application the functionality will be recorded. However, sometimes the equipment may not be available for all rooms or plants.

The calculation of 'actual importance' ignores areas where functionality does not exist. The consequence is that in an area (e.g. a corridor or archive) that for instance has no heating, no cooling or no ventilation, or a combination of these, that area will not be 'included' in the calculations for that (those) functions only. All other defined functions will be counted/calculated - e.g. lighting in a corridor.

The result may be illustrated by an example: If half of the building has no cooling, but the other half has A class cooling, the building will score the maximum number of points for cooling.

4.9 Actual Importance of Section 7 Technical building management

The calculation of the actual importance of section 7 for Technical building management is special. The area declared as the total area supervised by BACS/TBM in the TBM tab (also copied to the DECLARED BUILDING AREA section of the SUMMARY tab) is compared to the total area of all rooms/spaces that have been declared in the Rooms tab (also copied to the DECLARED BUILDING AREA section of the SUMMARY tab). The calculation is Actual Imp. = (Supervised area by TBM) / (Total room area) * Importance.

4.10 Different parts of a building and different types of spaces in a building

A building may be divided up in as many parts as is practical. This may be due to:

Different parts of the building are of different age.

Different parts of the building are for different purposes, e.g. combination of offices and storage areas.

Different parts have different kind of equipment installed.

Principally, the different parts should be harmonized based on their respective use of energy.

First of all the building has to be classified as a specific type:

The major energy use should decide the type of the building in cases where the building is used for different purposes.

For practical reasons the impact on different spaces, distribution networks, plants, etc., are based on area, run time and weight factors.

Area is interpreted as floor area – different room heights are not considered.

The detailed way to calculate the floor area is not important as long as the method is used consistently throughout the building

Run-time is given as a per cent value of running hours over total hours, typically calculated for a full calendar year.

o Run-time of 06:00 – 18:00 all days of the week gives a value of 50%

o Run-time of 08:00 – 17:00 during 5 working days per week gives a value of 27%

o Compensated for holidays, vacations, etc. the latter example could give values in the order of 23%

Weight factors are given as a relative value to compare different size equipment, e.g. air handlers.

o Two air handlers, one twice the size of the other could be weighted 2 and 1 respectively.

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5 Explanation of the POINTS AND CLASS SUMMARY table This is a summarized description of the different rows and columns in the POINTS AND CLASS SUMMARY table in the SUMMARY tab.

The purpose of the table is to summarize all information from other tables and present the final outcome of the audit in terms of eu.bac points (0-100) and classification eu.bac System (F – A+).

The following example table fill be used:

The Section column refers to the 7 sections of EN 15232 and the 3 eu.bac specific ones as described in eu.bac System Certification Scheme Part 2: Technical Recommendations.

The Description column gives a short description of the context of the different sections.

The Importance column presents the relative importance of each section. This will depend on the type of building selected in the upper part of the SUMMARY tab and is transferred from the top table in the Type tab. A description of the details is given in chapter 4.

The Actual Imp. (Actual Importance) column presents the actual importance factors that will be used in the calculation of the Result. They are always in the range 0-10. Again, a description of the details is given in chapter 4.

The sum of all Actual Imp. values is presented in the row below as NORMALIZED TOTAL (0-100).

The Norm. Score (Normalized Score) presents the NORMALIZED TOTAL (0-100) from each section as calculated in the DETAILS tab.

The Result column presents the number of points achieved in each section. The calculation for each section value is: Result = Actual Imp. * Norm. Score / NORMALIZED TOTAL (0-100). In the example above that is for Section 1: 10,00 * 87,10 / 51,72 = 17.

Finally the eu.bac System (F-A+) classification is presented, which is calculated using the table given in chapter 6 below.

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6 eu.bac classification Points are included in the final eu.bac classification while the EN 15232 classification A, B, C and D is available in the DETAILS tab. The points give a better differentiation than A, B, C and D only.

Nevertheless it has been decided to adopt another scheme for easier visualization of final result according to the standard of eu.bac.

6.1 A+/A/B/C/D/E/F

The A+/A/B/C/D/E/F scheme is commonly used in Europe for white goods and many other things. It is well established and known by the public. It has been agreed by the eu.bac members to use this scale for all eu.bac related product certifications as well as the eu.bac System certification.

Allocation of points to the letters is done according to the following table:

Level Points

A+ 85-100

A 75-84

B 65-74

C 55-64

D 45-54

E 35-44

F 0-34

The audit result may be presented like this:

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Certifying Energy Efficiency of Building Automation and ... · 2.3 Points assignment to A, B, C and...

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