CERTIFICATE IN ADVANCED ENGLISH: 100 CAE Key Word ...

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About the author

Jacqueline Melvin is a qualified English language instructor certified withCambridge RSA DELTA since 1997.

Born in Lennoxtown in the North West of Scotland she has spent most ofher adult life in various countries around the globe teaching English as aforeign language.

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IELTSMatters.com


© 2019 by Jacqueline Melvin

NOTICE OF RIGHTS

All rights reserved, including the right to reproduce, distribute, or transmitin any form or by any means without the prior written consent from theauthor.




Contents

Exercise one

Exercise two

Exercise three

Exercise four

Exercise five

Exercise six

Exercise seven

Exercise eight

Exercise nine

Exercise ten

Exercise one-answers

Exercise two-answers

Exercise three-answers

Exercise four-answers

Exercise five-answers

Exercise six-answers

Exercise seven-answers

Exercise eight-answers

Exercise nine-answers

Exercise ten-answers

Practical tips

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Introduction

Grammar accuracy is of upmost importance in the CAE. Key wordtransformation sentences are designed to test you on several aspects ofEnglish including the following.

Sentence patterns

A switch in tenses

Phrasal verbs to single verbs

Single verbs to phrasal verbs

Passive structures to active

Active structure to passive

Nouns to adjectives to verbs and vice versa

Fixed expressions

Use of connectors

Noun and verb collocations

Gerunds to infinitive

Infinitives to gerunds

Direct speech to reported

Reported speech to direct

Pronoun switch

Hypothetical language

Verbs + their corresponding prepositions

Modal auxiliary verbs, mainly of deduction

Inversion

This booklet includes over 100 word transformation sentences to helpcandidates become acquainted with what to expect.

Two marks are awarded for each sentence making it a good idea to




practise as much as possible. One mark will be given for a semi correctanswer, as long as it contains the key word and does not change themeaning of the input sentence.

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Exercise one

Rewrite the second sentence so it has the same meaning as the first. Use nofewer than three words and no more than six, including the word in bold.

1. Jack is sorry he didn’t accept the job.

REGRET

Jack …………………………………… the job.

2. Could you help me peel the potatoes?

HAND

Could you …………………………………… peel the potatoes?

3. I don’t want to go out tonight.

RATHER

I …………………………………… go out tonight.

4. It’s a waste of your time trying to get your son to tidy his room. He’s alazy so and so.

POINT

…………………………………… trying to get your son to tidy his room.He’s a lazy so and so.

5. I don’t think you are telling me the truth.

HONEST

I don’t think you are ……………………………………

6. It wasn’t until he called that I stopped worrying about him.

DID

Only …………………………………… worrying about him.

7. I don’t expect John to arrive on time.




COME

It …………………………………… if John is late.

8. I never intended to hurt you. I’m so sorry.

DREAMED

I would …………………………………… you. I’m so sorry.

9. He managed to complete the project in time for the presentation.

SUCCEEDED

He …………………………………… the project in time for thepresentation.

10. I had to cancel my holiday when my wife fell ill.

DUE

……………………………………, I couldn’t go on holiday.

Go to answers

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Exercise two


1. Are Johnny’s school reports better this term?

ANY

Is there …………………………………… Johnny’s school reports?

2. Giovanni is the only person in the office who doesn’t speak English.

EXCEPTION

Everyone in the office …………………………………… Giovanni.

3. Shall I help you?

LIKE

…………………………………… help you?

4. If you don’t study you’ll fail your exams.

BETTER

…………………………………… else you’ll fail your exams.

5. I didn’t know that Tom got married.

IDEA

I …………………………………… that Tom got married.

6. My husband doesn’t appreciate me.

GRANTED

My husband ……………………………………

7. You can borrow my car provided that you are careful with it.

LONG




I’ll lend you my car …………………………………… you are carefulwith it.

8. It wasn’t necessary for you to feed the cat. He’d already eaten.

FED

You …………………………………… the cat. He’d already eaten.

9. Sally really ought to hire a gardener. Her garden’s like a jungle.

HIGH

It’s …………………………………… a gardener. Her garden’s like ajungle.

10. Sarah doesn’t feel like going out tonight.

MOOD

Sarah is …………………………………… out tonight.

Go to answers

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Exercise three


1. My old computer was better than this new one.

GOOD

This new computer …………………………………… my old one.

2. John was very kind to help us with the decorating.

OF

…………………………………… John to help us with the decorating.

3. She definitely won’t agree to your proposal.

CHANCE

There …………………………………… to your proposal.

4. I drink a lot less coffee now than in the past.

MUCH

I don’t drink …………………………………… I used to.

5. The exam was a lot easier than I expected.

NOWHERE

The exam was …………………………………… I expected.

6. Amanda thinks the holiday was a disaster.

FAR

……………………………………, the holiday was a disaster.

7. Frank is not accustomed to life in the city.

USED




Frank is not …………………………………… in the city.

8. ‘Who’s Mr MacDonald?’ ‘He’s the head of the order department.’

CHARGE

Mr MacDonald is the man …………………………………… the orderdepartment.

9. I hate it when my parents argue.

STAND

I …………………………………… my parents argue.

10. My parents don’t mind if I stay out late.

DIFFERENCE

It …………………………………… my parents if I stay out late.

Go to answers

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Exercise four


1. “Don’t open the door to anyone when I’m out,” said Nancy to her son.

TOLD

Nancy …………………………………… open the door to anyone whenshe was out.

2. “I’m sorry I forgot to phone you,” said Jane to Peter.

APOLOGISED

Jane …………………………………… Peter.

3. I wasn’t anywhere near the bank when it was robbed,’ said Jerry to thepolice.

DENIED

Jerry …………………………………… anywhere in the vicinity of thebank when it was robbed.

4. “You shouldn’t eat so many carbohydrates,” said the nutritionist to MrsSmith.

ADVISED

The nutritionist …………………………………… so manycarbohydrates.

5. “I’ll kill you if you leave me,” said Pamela’s obsessive boyfriend.

THREATENED

Pamela’s boyfriend …………………………………… him.

6. “Why don’t we sit down to have a coffee?” said Mrs Brown to MrsWhite.




SUGGESTED

Mrs Brown …………………………………… a coffee.

7. “I demand to speak to the person in charge,” he said.

INSISTED

He …………………………………… to the person in charge.

8. “You’ve done an excellent job,” said my boss.

COMPLIMENTED

My boss …………………………………… an excellent job.

9. “It was you who stole the money,” she said.

ACCUSED

She …………………………………… the money.

10. “Don’t forget to take your umbrella,” said Sheila’s mum.

REMINDED

Sheila’s mum …………………………………… forget to take herumbrella.

Go to answers

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Exercise five


1. She gives the impression that she’s an extremely confident person.

ACROSS

She …………………………………… an extremely confident person.

2. There’s not much coffee left.

OF

We’ve …………………………………… coffee.

3. I still haven’t found the time to iron all those clothes but I’ll do it assoon as I finish reading this book.

ROUND

I …………………………………… those clothes the minute I finishreading this book.

4. I can’t wait to go on holiday.

FORWARD

I …………………………………… on holiday.

5. We’ve encounter many difficulties along the way.

AGAINST

We’ve …………………………………… many difficulties along the way.

6. Jill is still trying to come to terms with the death of her grandfather.

OVER

Jill …………………………………… death yet.

7. When the fire alarm went off, customers were instructed to head for the




exit.

WAY

When the fire alarm went off, the store manager instructed customers …………………………………… the exit.

8. I’ve decided not to smoke anymore.

UP

I’ve decided ……………………………………

9. ‘I’m not going to tolerate your behaviour any longer,’ said Joe’s mother.

PUT

Joe’s mother told him that she wasn’t going to…………………………………… behaviour any longer.

10. More than 200 people came to the school reunion.

SHOW

Over 200 people …………………………………… the school reunion.

Go to answers

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Exercise six


1. “As long as I live I’ll never speak to you again,” screamed Anne to herboyfriend William.

LIFE

Never …………………………………… speak to you again,” screamedAnne to William.

2. We cannot ignore the issue any longer.

NO

…………………………………… ignored.

3. It’s the first time John’s been on a plane.

BEFORE

…………………………………… John been on a plane.

4. Mary has no idea her son is a thief.

LITTLE

…………………………………… her son is a thief.

5. No sooner had I opened the door, than my wife started arguing.

WHEN

Hardly …………………………………… my wife started arguing.

6. It’s not often that you meet people as kind as Jack and his wife.

SELDOM

…………………………………… people as kind as Jack and his wife.

7. No matter what, you must never tell anyone my secret.




CIRCUMSTANCES

…………………………………… tell anyone my secret

8. I never thought my brother could be so heartless.

OCCUR

Not for a moment …………………………………… my brother could beso heartless.

9. You must never give personal details to strangers on the internet.

ACCOUNT

…………………………………… give personal details to strangers on theinternet.

10. The food was excellent and the wine was good too.

ONLY

Not …………………………………… the food was excellent too.

Go to answers

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Exercise seven


1. It’s impossible that you saw Jane yesterday. She left for London lastweek.

HAVE

Jane’s in London so …………………………………… her yesterday.

2. Perhaps it was the postman ringing the bell.

MIGHT

…………………………………… the postman ringing the bell.

3. It’s more than likely that Jenny has missed the bus.

BOUND

Jenny’s …………………………………… missed the bus.

4. I regret not having studied medicine. I’d be a doctor now instead of acheckout girl.

WISH

I …………………………………… studied medicine. I’d be a doctor nowinstead of a checkout girl.

5. If you would like any further information, please contact us on thefollowing number.

HESITATE

Please …………………………………… us on the following numbershould you require further information.

6. In case there’s a fire, please head for the fire exit.

EVENT




In …………………………………… a fire, please make your way to thefire exit.

7. It’s a pity you didn’t tell me you were in London yesterday. I wouldhave met you.

TOLD

…………………………………… you were going to be in Londonyesterday, I would have met you.

8. Sandra’s says she’s certain that’s her bag because of the broken zip.

SO

“That bag’s got a broken zip ……………………………………,” saidSandra.

9. My father taught me how to swim fifteen years ago.

ABLE

I …………………………………… for fifteen years.

10. I finally got a permanent contract after doing temp work for five years.

BEEN

When at last I got my permanent contract, I…………………………………… temp work for five years.

Go to answers

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Exercise eight


1. It was foolish of me to eat all that chocolate. I feel sick.

SHOULD

I …………………………………… all that chocolate.

2. I couldn’t see where I was going because of the thick fog.

DUE

…………………………………… foggy, I couldn’t see where I wasgoing.

3. He said he’d phone but he must have forgotten.

TO

He …………………………………… phone but he must have forgotten.

4. The chances of winning the lottery are incredibly low

VIRTUALLY

It’s …………………………………… the lottery.

5. They will be here soon.

BEFORE

…………………………………… they arrive.

6. She did everything she could to make it to the wedding.

EFFORT

She …………………………………… to make it to the wedding.

7. My neighbours argue just about every day.

HARDLY




…………………………………… my neighbours arguing.

8. I don’t think David meant to hurt you.

INTENTION

I don’t think David …………………………………… you.

9. “Never before have I tasted such good food,” said dad.

FAR

Dad said that the food was …………………………………… he’d evertasted.

10. “There is no possibility they’ll hire me for the job. I’m underqualified,” said Jenny.

STAND

Jenny said she …………………………………… the job.

Go to answers

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Exercise nine


1. My husband works as a manager in a telecommunications company.

POSITION

My husband has …………………………………… in atelecommunications company.

2. Unemployment has reached an all time high.

THE

Unemployment is …………………………………… been.

3. Reports for the first quarter show that sales have decreased.

IN

There …………………………………… sales in the first quarter.

4. The twins look identical to me. I can’t tell them apart.

DIFFERENCE

I …………………………………… between the twins.

5. It’s not like mum to leave the kitchen in such a mess.

HABIT

Mum is …………………………………… the kitchen in such a mess.

6. Can you explain why you weren’t at school yesterday?

GIVE

Can you …………………………………… you didn’t come to schoolyesterday?”

7. Although my sister had little experience in the field, she still got the job.




DESPITE

…………………………………… experience in the field, my sister stillgot the job.

8. I haven’t heard from my brother since last year.

TOUCH

My brother …………………………………… me since last year.

9. I wanted to improve my English so I enrolled on an English languagecourse.

WHY

The …………………………………… an English language course, wasbecause I wanted to improve my English.

10. If we don’t phone mum, she’ll be worried.

OTHERWISE

We …………………………………… she’ll be worried.

Go to answers

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Exercise ten


1. The mayor is opening the new library on Friday.

OPENED

The new library …………………………………… the mayor on Friday.

2. You use a camera to take photos.

FOR

A camera …………………………………… photos.

3. Is that car Jim’s?

OWN

…………………………………… that car?

4. We thoroughly enjoyed ourselves at the party last night.

GREAT

We …………………………………… at the party last night.

5. You can go out tonight provided that you are back by midnight.

AS

You can go out tonight …………………………………… you are back bymidnight.

6. She always passes her exams even if she doesn’t study.

REGARDLESS

She always passes her exams …………………………………… shestudies.

7. You are so gullible. Ghosts do not exist.




SUCH

You are so gullible. There’s …………………………………… ghosts.

8. I cannot deny how disappointed I was when I didn’t get an A pass in myexams.

DENYING

There’s …………………………………… when I didn’t get an A pass inmy exams.

9. It was a bad idea not to get the car serviced before setting off on such along journey.

HAD

I …………………………………… the car serviced before setting off onsuch a long journey.

10. Let’s call her. She may have forgotten about the meeting.

CASE

Let’s call her …………………………………… about the meeting.

Go to answers

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Exercise one-answers

1. Jack is sorry he didn’t accept the job.Jack regrets not accepting/not having accepted the job.2. Could you help me peel the potatoes?Could you lend me a hand to peel the potatoes?3. I don’t want to go out tonight.I would rather not go out tonight.4. It’s a waste of your time trying to get your son to tidy his room. He’s alazy so and so.There’s no point in trying to get your son to tidy his room. He’s a lazy soand so.5. I don’t think you are telling me the truth.I don’t think you are being honest with me.6. It wasn’t until he called that I stopped worrying about him.Only when he called did I stop worrying about him.7. I don’t expect John to arrive on time.It will come as no surprise if John is late.8. I never intended to hurt you. I’m so sorry.I would never have dreamed of hurting you. I’m so sorry.9. He managed to complete the project in time for the presentation.He succeeded in completing the project in time for the presentation.10. I had to cancel my holiday when my wife fell ill.Due to my wife’s illness, I couldn’t go on holiday.Go back to exercise one




Exercise two-answers

1. Are Johnny’s school reports better this term?Is there any improvement in Johnny’s school reports?2. Giovanni is the only person in the office who doesn’t speak English.Everyone in the office speaks English with the exception of Giovanni.3. Shall I help you?Would you like me to help you?4. If you don’t study you’ll fail your exams.You had better study or else you’ll fail your exams.5. I didn’t know that Tom got married.I had no idea that Tom got married.6. My husband doesn’t appreciate me.My husband takes me for granted.7. You can borrow my car provided you are careful with it.I’ll lend you my car as long as you are careful with it.8. It wasn’t necessary for you to feed the cat. He’d already eaten.You needn’t have fed the cat. He’d already eaten.9. Sally really ought to hire a gardener. Her garden’s like a jungle.It’s high time Sally hired a gardener. Her garden’s like a jungle.10. Sarah doesn’t feel like going out tonight.Sarah is not in the mood to go out tonight.Go back to exercise two

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Exercise three-answers

1. My old computer was better than this new one.This new computer is not as good as my old one.2. John was very kind to help us with the decorating.It was very kind of John to help us with the decorating.3. She definitely won’t agree to your proposal.There is no chance of her agreeing to your proposal.4. I drink a lot less coffee now than in the past.I don’t drink as much coffee as I used to.5. The exam was a lot easier than I had expected.The exam was nowhere as difficult as I had expected.6. Amanda thinks the holiday was a disaster.As far as Amanda’s concerned, the holiday was a disaster.7. Frank is not accustomed to life in the city.Frank is not used to living in the city.8. ‘Who’s Mr MacDonald?’ ‘He’s the head of the order department.’Mr MacDonald is the man in charge of the order department.9. I hate it when my parents argue.I can’t stand it when my parents argue.10. My parents don’t mind if I stay out late.It makes no difference to my parents if I stay out late.Go back to exercise three




Exercise four-answers

1. “Don’t open the door to anyone when I’m out,” said Nancy to her son.Nancy told her son not to open the door to anyone when she was out.2. “I’m sorry I forgot to phone you,” said Jane to Peter.Jane apologised for not having phoned Peter. It is also possible to say‘apologised for not phoning’ but the perfective aspects signals completionand at times is the better choice.3. I wasn’t anywhere near the bank when it was robbed,’ said Jerry to thepolice.Jerry denied having been anywhere in the vicinity of the bank when it wasrobbed. It is also possible to say ‘denied being’ but the perfective aspectssignals completion and at times is the better choice.4. “You shouldn’t eat so many carbohydrates,” said the nutritionist to MrsSmith.The nutritionist advised Mrs Smith not to eat so many carbohydrates.5. “I’ll kill you if you leave me,” said Pamela’s obsessive boyfriend.Pamela’s boyfriend threatened to kill her if she left him.6. “Why don’t we sit down to have a coffee?” said Mrs Brown to MrsWhite.Mrs Brown suggested they sat down to have a coffee. It’s also possible tosay, ‘suggested sitting down’ but here there is focus on the subject ‘we’,which is information which is better to be included. The use of a subjectimmediately after ‘suggest’ impedes the use of the gerund.7. “I demand to speak to the person in charge,” he said.He insisted on speaking to the person in charge.8. “You’ve done an excellent job,” said my boss.My boss complimented me on doing an excellent job.9. “It was you who stole the money,” she said.She accused me of stealing the money.

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10. “Don’t forget to take your umbrella,” said Sheila’s mum.Sheila’s mum reminded her not to forget to take her umbrella.Go back to exercise four




Exercise five-answers

1. She gives the impression that she’s an extremely confident person.She comes across as an extremely confident person.2. There’s not much coffee left.We’ve almost/nearly run out of coffee.3. I still haven’t found the time to iron all those clothes but I’ll do it assoon as I finish reading this book.I will get round to ironing those clothes the minute I finish reading thisbook.4. I can’t wait to go on holiday.I am looking forward to going on holiday.5. We’ve encounter many difficulties along the way.We’ve come up against many difficulties along the way.6. Jill is still trying to come to terms with the death of her grandfather.Jill hasn’t got over her grandfather’s death yet.7. When the fire alarm went off, customers were instructed to head for theexit.When the fire alarm went off, the store manager instructed customers tomake their way to the exit.8. I’ve decided not to smoke anymore.I’ve decided to give up smoking.9. ‘I’m not going to tolerate your behaviour any longer,’ said Joe’smother.Joe’s mother told him that she wasn’t going to put up with his behaviourany longer.10. More than 200 people came to the school reunion.Over 200 people showed up for the school reunion.Go back to exercise five

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Exercise six-answers

1. “As long as I live I’ll never speak to you again,” screamed Anne to herboyfriend William.Never in my life will I speak to you again,” screamed Anne to William.2. We cannot ignore the issue any longer.No longer can the issue be ignored.3. It’s the first time John’s been on a plane.Never before has John been on a plane.4. Mary has no idea her son is a thief.Little does she know her son is a thief.5. No sooner had I opened the door, than my wife started arguing.Hardly had I opened the door when my wife started arguing.6. It’s not often that you meet people as kind as Jack and his wife.Seldom do you meet people as kind as Jack and his wife.7. No matter what, you must never tell anyone my secret.Under no circumstances must you ever tell anyone my secret8. I never thought my brother could be so heartless.Not for a moment did it occur to me that my brother could be so heartless.9. You must never give personal details to strangers on the internet.On no account must you ever give personal details to strangers on theinternet.10. The food was excellent and the wine was good too.Not only was the wine good but the food was excellent too.Go back to exercise six




Exercise seven-answers

1. It’s impossible that you saw Jane yesterday. She left for London lastweek.Jane’s in London so you can’t have seen her yesterday.2. Perhaps it was the postman ringing the bell.It might have been the postman ringing the bell.3. It’s more than likely that Jenny has missed the bus.Jenny’s bound to have missed the bus.4. I regret not having studied medicine. I’d be a doctor now instead of acheckout girl.I wish I had studied medicine. I’d be a doctor now instead of a checkoutgirl.5. If you would like any further information, please contact us on thefollowing number.Please do not hesitate to call us on the following number should yourequire further information.6. In case there’s a fire, please head for the fire exit.In the event of a fire, please make your way to the fire exit.7. It’s a pity you didn’t tell me you were in London yesterday. I would havemet you.If you had told me you were going to be in London yesterday, I would havemet you.8. Sandra’s says she’s certain that’s her bag because of the broken zip. “That bag’s got a broken zip so it must be mine,” said Sandra.9. My father taught me how to swim fifteen years ago.I have been able to swim for fifteen years.10. I finally got a permanent contract after doing temp work for five years.When at last I got my permanent contract, I had been doing temp work forfive years.

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Go back to exercise seven




Exercise eight-answers

1. It was foolish of me to eat all that chocolate. I feel sick.I shouldn’t have eaten all that chocolate.2. I couldn’t see where I was going because of the thick fog.Due to it being so foggy, I couldn’t see where I was going.3. He said he’d phone but he must have forgotten.He was supposed to/was meant to phone but he must have forgotten.4. The chances of winning the lottery are incredibly lowIt’s virtually impossible to win the lottery.5. They will be here soon.It won’t be long before they arrive.6. She did everything she could to make it to the wedding.She made every effort to make it to the wedding.7. My neighbours argue just about every day.Hardly a day goes by without my neighbours arguing.8. I don’t think David meant to hurt you.I don’t think David had any intention of hurting you.9. “Never before have I tasted such good food,” said dad.Dad said that the food was far better than anything he’d ever tasted.10. “There is no possibility they’ll hire me for the job. I’m under-qualified,” said Jenny.Jenny said she didn’t stand a chance of getting the job.Go back to exercise eight

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Exercise nine-answers

1. My husband works as a manager in a telecommunications company.My husband has a managerial position in a telecommunications company.2. Unemployment has reached an all time high.Unemployment is the highest it’s ever been.3. Reports for the first quarter show that sales have decreased.There has been a decrease in sales in the first quarter.4. The twins look identical to me. I can’t tell them apart.I can see no difference between/I can’t see any difference between thetwins.5. It’s not like mum to leave the kitchen in such a mess.Mum is not in the habit of leaving the kitchen in such a mess.6. Can you explain why you weren’t at school yesterday?Can you give an explanation as to why you didn’t come to schoolyesterday?”7. Although my sister had little experience in the field, she still got the job.Despite not having much experience in the field, my sister still got the job.8. I haven’t heard from my brother since last year.My brother hasn’t been in touch with me since last year.9. I wanted to improve my English so I enrolled on an English languagecourse.The reason why I enrolled on an English language course, was because Iwanted to improve my English.10. If we don’t phone mum, she’ll be worried.We had better phone mum otherwise she’ll be worried. (We can also say’you should phone’ but ‘had better’ gives a tone of something more urgent)Go back to exercise nine




Exercise ten-answers

1. The mayor is opening the new library on Friday.The new library is being opened by the mayor on Friday.2. You use a camera to take photos.A camera is used for taking photos.3. Is that car Jim’s?Does Jim own that car?4. We thoroughly enjoyed ourselves at the party last night.We had a great time at the party last night.5. You can go out tonight provided that you are back by midnight.You can go out tonight as long as you are back by midnight.6. She always passes her exams even if she doesn’t study.She always passes her exams regardless of whether or not she studies.7. You are so gullible. Ghosts do not exist.You are so gullible. There’s no such thing as ghosts.8. I cannot deny how disappointed I was when I didn’t get an A pass in myexams.There’s no denying my disappointment when I didn’t get an A pass in myexams.9. It was a bad idea not to get the car serviced before setting off on such along journey.I wish I had got the car serviced before setting off on such a long journey.10. Let’s call her. She may have forgotten about the meeting.Let’s call her in case she has forgotten about the meeting.Go back to exercise ten

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Practical tips

You can make things easier for yourself by crossing out the informationthat is repeated in both sentences – thereby focusing your attention onwhich part of the sentence needs to be transformed.

Example one

He performed excellently on stage.

GAVE

He ………………………… on stage.

He gave an excellent performance on stage.

The verb performed becomes the noun performance while the adverbexcellently transforms to the adjective excellent. The verb give collocateswith the noun performance, so be aware of these types of changes whendoing this part of the test.

Example two

Due to the sports centre increasing its prices, I can no longer afford torenew my membership.

UP

If the sports centre ……………….. its prices, I would be able to afford torenew my membership.

If the sports centre hadn’t put up its prices, I would be able to afford torenew my membership.

The above transformation sentence is testing to see if you can use a mixedconditional, that is, the third condition (a past condition) with a presentresult (the second conditional). It is also testing your ability to transformsingle verbs to phrasal verbs.

Example three

Remember to start by crossing out the information that is repeated in both




sentences.

We can bring the meeting forward to this afternoon if nobody objects.

UNLESS

We can bring the meeting forward to this afternoon ………………..objections.

We can bring the meeting forward to this afternoon unless anybody hasany objections.

The above transformation sentence requires you to be able to transform thesentence from the verb (to object) to a verb + noun phrase (haveobjections), which is testing your use of collocations, and changing if tounless and nobody to anybody.

He demanded to speak to the manager.

ON

He ……………….. to the manager.

He insisted on speaking to the manager.

The above transformation sentence is testing your ability on verbs andtheir corresponding preposition as well as your ability to change the verbfrom the infinitive to the gerund. In the above example, as advancedEnglish language students should be already aware of, any verb that comesimmediately after a preposition takes the gerund.

Inversion crops up quite often in the CAE.

Inversion is used when we would like to add emphasis and/or drama.Inversion, as the word itself suggests, inverts the subject with the verb,although this does not make the utterance a question.

Examples of inversion

We often use the adverbs of frequency seldom, rarely and never withinversion.

I seldom go to the doctor’s. ---> Seldom do I go to the doctor’s.

I rarely watch TV. ---> Rarely do I watch TV.

I never go to the cinema. ---> Never do I go to the cinema.

IELTSMatters.com

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Never, hardly and scarcely are used in negative sentences.

I had never tasted such good pizza until I went to Italy. ---> Never had Itasted such good pizza until I went to Italy.

I had hardly spoken when she so rudely interrupted me. --> Hardly had Ispoken when she so rudely interrupted me.

Inversion in sentences beginning with at no time

The prisoner must never be allowed parole. --> At no time must theprisoner be allowed parole.

Inversion in sentences beginning with never again

After the plane nearly crashed I will never fly again. --> Never again will Ifly after the plane nearly crashed.

Inversion in sentences beginning with never before, never in my life

I’ve never felt so insulted in all my life. ---> Never before/never in my lifehave I felt so insulted.

Inversion in sentences beginning with no longer

I don’t eat meat anymore. ---> No longer do I eat meat.

Inversion with no sooner

As soon as I washed the car it started to rain/I had just washed the carwhen it started to rain. ---> No sooner had I washed the car, than it startedto rain.

Inversion in sentences beginning with not for a moment

It never occurred to me that John was Sally’s brother. ---> Not for amoment did it occur to me that John was Sally’s brother.

Inversion with on no account

It is extremely important not to be late for the meeting tomorrow. ---> Onno account should/must you be late for the meeting tomorrow.

Inversion in sentences beginning with only

The couple decided to go their separate ways only after all attempts to savetheir marriage had failed. ---> Only when all attempts to save theirmarriage had failed did the couple decide to go their separate ways.




I will consider leaving my job in the factory only when I find a job thatpays a higher salary. ---> Only when I find a job that pays me a highersalary will I consider leaving my job in the factory.

Inversion in sentences beginning with under no circumstances

You must never send your team to work in severe weather conditions. --->Under no circumstances must you send your team to work in severeweather conditions.

Inversion in a third conditional sentence

If I had gone to the bank, I would have withdrawn some cash. -->Had Igone to the bank, I would have withdrawn some cash.

If I had known Mark would be at the party I would have gone: -->Had Iknown Mark would be at the party, I would have gone.

I won’t sign the contract until you remove this clause. ---> Not until youremove this clause will I sign the contract.

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IELTSMatters.com



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