Cerebral Palsy An Overview of Sports, Treatment, and Causes.
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Transcript of Cerebral Palsy An Overview of Sports, Treatment, and Causes.
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Cerebral Palsy
An Overview of Sports, Treatment, and Causes
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Organizations and Facilities
South Fraser Child Development Center – http://www.sfcdc.bc.ca
Vancouver Adaptive Snow Sports (VASS)– http://www.vass.ca
Sportability: CP Sports of BC– http://www.cpsports.com/
The Cerebral Palsy Association of BC– http://bccerebralpalsy.com/
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Resources Cont.
CP Sports of England and Whales- http://www.cpsports.org
Canadian Cerebral Palsy Sports Association- http://www.ccpsa.com
Glenrose Adolescent Services- http://www.adolescentservices.net/cpalsy.htm
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Cerebral Palsy
What Disabilities do you associate with Cerebral Palsy?
What images come to mind when you hear the words Cerebral Palsy?
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Causes
Prenatal– Radiation exposure– Anoxia
Perinatal– Premature Birth– Immature Ossification– Narrow Birth Canal
Postnatal– Epilepsy– Brain Hemorrhage
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CP Incidents
More frequent in males than females
6 in every 1000 births (1960 US stat.)
2 in every 500 Canadian births
Decreasing due to improved birth procedures
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Classification
Monoplegia– Affecting one limb– Typically an arm
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Classification Cont.
Hemiplegia– One side of the body
affected– Arm usually more involved
than the leg
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Classification Cont.
Triplegia– Three limbs involved– Usually both arms and
one leg
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Classification Cont.
Quadriplegia– All four limbs are involved
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Classification Cont.
Spastic- approx. 50% of cases Athetosis Rigidity Ataxia Tremor
Cerebral Palsy can also affect speech and hearing to varying degrees, from mild to severe
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Sport Classification System
8 classes with 2 subcategories Category 1- competing from a sitting position Category 2- competing from a standing position Classified based on functional ability
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Class One Athletes
Usually unable to propel manual wheelchair Has difficulty in grasp and release motions Uses trunk motions to move head and arms Usually has difficulty altering sitting position
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Class Two Athletes
Capable of spreading fingers and thumb slowly Moves wheelchair by hand or foot May stand/walk but is unstable Difficulty with consistent isolated shoulder
movements Limb movement to control the trunk
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Class Three Athletes
Has poor balance when sitting unsupported Supported standing or walking (ie: crutch) Limited shoulder ROM Ability to propel a wheelchair Will raise hips and straighten knees with
vigorous arm movements
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Class Four Athletes
Has good sitting balance and body movement Arms and hands are generally unaffected Capable of powerful wheelchair push May walk with aids but uses
wheelchair/throwing frame for sport
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Class Five Athletes
Has balance while standing Noticeable hip and shoulder rotation while
walking May have inwardly bent knees and flat feet
**Note: If athlete’s balance is poor with standing they may elect to compete as a class 4 athlete in a wheelchair
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Class Six Athletes
Ambulant athlete with all four limbs affected Has an overall lack of control when moving Able to walk unaided but with difficulty in
balancing Rolling head movement during running Difficulty in hopping and skipping Unable to keep a clapping rhythm
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Class Seven Athletes
Ambulant athlete with arm and leg on one side affected
Unable to hop on affected leg Often tilts head during exertion Normal throwing action but with an
exaggerated motion Affected arm swings across body while running
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Class Eight Athletes
Minimal Disability Disability must be evident without going to
medical proof More obvious disability during exertion Slight coordination problems Good balance
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Sporting Opportunities
Skiing (VASS) Soccer Athletics Boccia Swimming Sledge Hockey Dance Gymnastics Powerlifting
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Adaptive Activity: Skiing
Modified Walker
Ski Bras
Assistance Pole
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Adaptive Activity: Soccer
7-A-Side soccer Smaller field and nets Wheelchair adaptation
– A mount is placed onto the front of the chair so that the force of moving the chair is able to propel the ball forward
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Adaptive Activity: Athletics
Track events– Standing– Wheelchair
Field Events– Javelin– Club Throw– Discus
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Adaptive Activity: Boccia
Great for persons with poor balance
Easy to play from sitting position
Requires little physical strength
Participants are placed into 3 groups based on balance and strength
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Adaptive Activities: Sledge Hockey
Sleds with blades attached to bottom
2 sticks in each hand with picks on end
Challenges– Upper body strength– Upper body balance
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Adaptive Activity: Dance
Rhythmic Activities– Use tambourines, ribbons,
scarves, etc. to express movements
Folk Dance– Reduce music speed– Move to every other beat– Reduce step number
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Adaptive Activity: Gymnastics
Rolling– Log roll down a wedge
Balance– Balance on different body
parts on the floor or mat
Climbing Frame– In wheelchair underneath
horizontal ladder
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Adaptive Activity: Powerlifting
Bench press only Available to CP3-8
athletes only Open event, all disability
levels compete together 2 straps allowed to
secure the legs at any point
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Rehabilitation and Medical Treatments
Swimming– Warm water can decrease the debilitating effects of
Spastic muscle contractions– Cool water may help performance of Athetoid CP
Botulinum Toxin Type A (Botox®)– Improved Gait Pattern– Reduction in Spasticity– Improvements seen after 2 weeks, 3 month duration– Suitable for children over the age of 2 yrs
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Rehabilitation and Treatment Cont.
Surgery– Orthopedic surgery on affected muscles– Neurosurgery: found to be less satisfactory
Other Drugs-uncommonly used today– Valium – Dantrium
Physical and Occupational Therapy– Use of orthopaedic splints-most useful treatment– Stretching
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Rehabilitation and Treatment Cont.
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBO)– Improves motor control– Decreases muscle spasticity– Improves balance
Speech Therapists
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Scenario #1
You are a summer soccer recreation leader and have Derek, a child with Hemiplegic CP, participating in your group. He is capable of moving his right leg very well and can maneuver his wheelchair quite well with his good right arm. What modifications to the game would you make in order to help Derek participate fully in your camp?
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Scenario #2
You are a PE teacher in an elementary school. Kristy is in the grade 7 class and has Spastic Paraplegic CP that affects her legs. She has little strength in her upper body but loves to be outside. The next unit you are teaching is Athletics. Which events would be best suited to Kristy and what concerns would you need to address in order for her to have fun and safely participate in the class?
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Scenario #3
You are a volunteer at a Boys and Girls club. Many of the kids have showed interest in dance and you decide to start a Wednesday afternoon group. Kyle, a 10 yr old lower limb Paraplegic CP child, has shown great interest in your activity. What are some of the modifications to traditional dances could you do in order for Kyle to be as expressive as possible in your class?