Cereals, organic materials and soil (COMS) · PDF filePig Dairy Digestate Inorganic Control...
Transcript of Cereals, organic materials and soil (COMS) · PDF filePig Dairy Digestate Inorganic Control...
![Page 1: Cereals, organic materials and soil (COMS) · PDF filePig Dairy Digestate Inorganic Control 160 N ... Sig. 0.008 s.e. mean 0.710 ... Limits to amounts (from NI NAP 2015-18):](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022030413/5a9e99ab7f8b9a89178b9102/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Cereals, organic materials and soil
(COMS) project
Ethel White, AFBI Crossnacreevy,
John Bailey, Donnacha Doody and
Archie Murchie, AFBI Newforge
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Soil – its complexity
Physics
Biology
Chemistry
Nutrient supply
pH
Compaction
Drainage
?
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Soil formation
c.500 years to produce 1 cm soil
Bacteria and fungi need feeding
BUT we remove everything
Applying organic manures = investment,
i.e. return is realised in the long term
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Soil – a bank?!£££ ££££££
t - i - m - e
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Application of the organic materials using the SlurryKat plot slurry application system
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Organic manures
Soil fauna and
microbiome
Nutrient
availability
Infiltration and
workability
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Results from the COMS project• Grain yields were similar from all sources of
nutrients – whether organic or inorganic
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Pig Dairy Digestate Inorganic Control
160 N118 P2O5164 K2O
87 N40 P2O5241 K2O
88 N73 P2O5210 K2O
50 N0 P2O50 K2O
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Crossnacreevy 2014: grain yield of spring barley (t/ha at 85%DM)
Treatment x Additional N
s.e. mean: 0.22 t/ha
P = 0.072
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• Legacy effects of organic materials (or inorganic
nutrients) were not evident
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Broiler litter Hen manure Pig slurry Urea Inorganicfertiliser
Nil OM + Nil FertNTreatment applied in 2013 (urea applied to all treatments in 2014 and 2015)
Hillsborough 2013-15: grain yield (t/ha at 86%DM)
2013 Winter wheat:s.e. mean 0.39P<0.001
2014 Winter barley:s.e. mean 0.17P = 0.068
2015 Spring wheat:s.e.mean 0.22 P = NS
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• Differences in the amounts of nutrients applied did
not affect yield but did affect nutrient offtake
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Available N Available P Available K Mg S
Crossnacreevy 2014: nutrients applied (kg/ha)
Pig Cattle Digestate Inorganic
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N P K S Mg
Control Pig Cattle Digestate Inorganic
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COMS Downpatrick 2013: nutrient offtake (kg/ha)
Nil OM + Nil Fert N Broiler litter + 0 Broiler litter + 120 kg/ha N
• Application of an inorganic topdressing along with
the organic material enhanced offtake of nutrients
other than those supplied
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COMS Crossnacreevy Earthworm biomass (g)
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Pig Cattle Digestate Inorganic Control
October 2014 Sig. 0.008 s.e. mean 0.710
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COMS Crossnacreevy Earthworm biomass (g)
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Pig Cattle Digestate Inorganic Control
October 2014
November 2015
Sig. 0.008 s.e. mean 0.710
Sig. 0.046 s.e. mean 0.796
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Some conclusions from COMS project
• Grain yields were similar from all sources of nutrients –
whether organic or inorganic
• Legacy effects of organic materials (or inorganic nutrients)
were not evident
• Nutrients applied affected nutrient offtake
• Nutrient offtake enhanced by inorganic top dressing
• Provision of e.g. minor nutrients (Mg and S) and trace
elements in the organic materials replenishes those removed
by the crop from the soil
• Earthworms respond to organic materials but the biggest
impact on their presence and activity is cultivation
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Guidance about using organic manuresLimits to amounts (from NI NAP 2015-18):
• Livestock manure N loading: 170 kg N /ha farm limit
• Follow N-Max for cereals
• If P content is >0.25 kg total P per kg total N, then organic materials can
only be applied where the crop requires P
Sample the manure
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Available N Available P Available K Mg S
(As in NI NAP 2015-18) (As in RB 209)
Downpatrick 2013 (based on NI NAP 2015-18)
Downpatrick 2014 (based on Newforge analysis)
COMS Downpatrick: Nutrients applied 2013 & 2014
(kg/ha)
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Guidance about using organic manuresLimits to amounts (from NI NAP 2015-18):
• Livestock manure N loading: 170 kg N /ha farm limit
• Follow N-Max for cereals
• If P content is >0.25 kg total P per kg total N, then organic materials can
only be applied where the crop requires P
Sample the manure
Apply nutrients from all sources to meet crop requirement, and
particularly do not exceed N & P
Sample the soil
Apply organic materials at a time and using a method that
maximises the availability of the nutrients
Adjust fertiliser applications to take account of organic manure
applications
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Organic manures
Soil microbiome and
fauna
Nutrient
availability
Infiltration and
workability
?
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Conclusions
• Take-home messages:
– Use both organic materials and fertiliser
– Follow Nitrates Action Programme guidance
– Over-years benefits from nutrient content not found
– Applying organic manures is a good investment