CERAMICS (Le Haillan, France), a subsidiary of Paris ... · High-alumina ceramics provide high...
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A M EROSPACE INERALS Siobhan Lismore-Scott, Editor, [email protected] Tanu Kurien, Advertising Sales Director, , [email protected] Susan Zou, Regional Sales Manager, [email protected] High-alumina ceramics provide high strength, hardness and resistance to impact, corrosion, abrasion and temperature and have excellent electrical isolation. Other important raw materials include zirconia, yttrium and rare earth oxides, silicon carbide, silicon nitride and boron carbide. The spotlight on ceramics means that companies are looking into ceramic material parts that increase efciency and reduce emissions This includes the use of ceramics in highly efcient gas turbine engines, hybrid electric propulsion, lightweight hypersonic propulsion, rocket propulsion in-space and use in propulsion. Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) comprise a ceramic matrix reinforced by a refractory bre, made of a material such as silicon carbide (SiC). CMCs don't need to be air-cooled, freeing up ow to boost the engine's propulsion and efciency. HERAKLES (Le Haillan, France), a subsidiary of Paris, France-based Safran, SiC-based exhaust cone is the rst CMC part to y on a jetliner in commercial service. NASA Efforts to mature CMC applications include a SiC/SiC combustor liner, SiC/SiC HP turbine vane, and an Ox/Ox exhaust nozzle through its Environmentally Responsible Aviation (ERA) project. BOEING Successfully ground- and ight-tested its Ox/Ox exhaust nozzle. AEC Exploring the ability to combine CMC and 3D woven composite technology. TECHNICAL COMPANIES LOOKING AT USING CMC IN PLACE OF METAL: AEROSPACE WAGES HAVE RISEN X3 AS QUICKLY AS AVERAGE WAGES FOR ALL OTHER INDUSTRIES THE AEROSPACE INDUSTRY £24BN CONTRIBUTES TO THE ECONOMY EVERY YEAR AEROSPACE INDUSTRY ON THE RISE The advances have been made possible by the inclusion of new materials linked to small, concentrated markets such as INDUSTRIAL MINERALS. Carbon bre composites are affected by secrecy and limited number of players in the supply chain. Aluminium is affected by the supply concentration of alloy materials such as silicon and scandium. The move towards more all-electric aircraft means greater demand for which will be used for an increasing number of motors. A 3D printer creates 3D products by the laying down of successive layers of material using digital technology, a process also known as "additive manufacturing. Researchers in the US have recently come up with a method of 3D printing ceramic microlattices, which have fewer aws than ceramics made using conventional sintering processes, and could be used in or space shuttles other and aerial vehicles jet engines. 2014 gures OF LARGE COMPANIES ARE 75% ADOPTING D PRINTING 3 3D PRINTING INDUSTRY Wohlers Report 2016 2015 TO IN $5.165BN AND RELATED SERVICES GREW 25.9 % (CAGR) 3D PRINTING THE AEROSPACE INDUSTRY RELATED SERVICES IN 2014 SPENT AN ESTIMATED 3D ON PRINTING AND $380M $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ The airline sector in Asian countries, which used to be government owned and controlled, has now opened up, allowing independent companies to establish themselves. GROWTH IN THE AEROSPACE SECTOR IS BEING DRIVEN BY ASIA TITANIUM SPONGE 160,000-170,000 CONSUMED EVERY YEAR TONNES $1.5-2BN ESTIMATED TO VALUE The aerospace industry accounts for around 80- 87% of this, and excluding the military industry, consumes 50,000 to 60,000 tpa sponge. Growth in the industry, is occurring at an annual rate of 5-6%. (Group DF) ALUMINIUM used in aircraft, missiles, spacecraft. Extracted from BAUXITE CAUSTIC SODA is used to extract alumina from bauxite At the SMELTER: Kiln uses refractory materials such as GRAPHITE (for the anode) MAGNESIA, MULLITE, ANDALUSITE, CHROMITE LITHIUM used as an alloy with ALUMINIUM in aircraft manufacture QUARTZ used in signal testing ZIRCONIUM used in missiles and aircraft, aero engines and parts, turbines and turbine generator set units and nuclear fuel assemblies ZIRCONIA (ZrO2) is obtained by processing ZIRCON (ZrSiO4) or BADDELEYITE (natural zirconia) SILICON CARBIDE(SiC) used in radio equipment GRAPHITE used to make carbon bres TITANIUM DIOXIDE(TiO2) used in coatings ILMENITE and RUTILE are used to make TiO2 TITANIUM SPONGE Produced from titanium tetrachloride (TiCI4) via the chloride process, reducing the ILMENITE, or from RUTILE SLAG MINERALS IN AEROSPACE THROAT INSERTS AND GUIDE VANES Carbon composites are used in aeroplane brakes where light weight, low wear rate, temperature and resistance critical are . USED FOR PROPELLANT ROCKET EXHAUST NOZZLES GRAPHITE consultancy. At 95% confidence, Industrial Minerals has a redership between 3,601 and 5,100 readers. *The readership figure based upon a survey conducted in Apr 2015, has been independently audited by IPSOS MORI, the international media **IM reader survey conducted in April 2015 (Google analytics Sept 2015 - Jan 2016) A CHANGING INDUSTRY The performance of aircraft engines has advanced over the past 70 years source Mike Rollinger RARE EARTH MAGNETS CERAMICS DYSPROSIUM NEODYMIUM PRASEODYMIUM LANTHANUM MOLYBDENUM EUROPIUM RARE used in magnets used in magnets lasers, capacitators used in bre optics used in batteries used in missiles, spacecraft and aeroplane engines used in nuclear control rods and lasers EARTHS
Transcript of CERAMICS (Le Haillan, France), a subsidiary of Paris ... · High-alumina ceramics provide high...
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High-aluminaceramicsprovidehigh
strength,hardnessandresistanceto
impact,corrosion,abrasionand
temperatureandhaveexcellent
electricalisolation.Otherimportant
rawmaterialsincludezirconia,yttrium
andrareearthoxides,siliconcarbide,
siliconnitrideandboroncarbide.
Thespotlightonceramicsmeansthat
companiesarelookingintoceramic
materialpartsthatincreaseef!ciency
andreduceemissions
Thisincludestheuseofceramicsin
highlyef!cientgasturbine
engines,hybridelectric
propulsion,lightweight
hypersonicpropulsion,rocket
propulsion
in-space
andusein
propulsion.
Ceramicmatrixcomposites(CMCs)
compriseaceramicmatrixreinforcedby
arefractory!bre,madeofamaterial
suchassiliconcarbide(SiC).
CMCsdon'tneedtobeair-cooled,
freeingup"owtoboosttheengine's
propulsionandef!ciency.
HERA
KLES
(LeHaillan,France),asubsidiaryof
Paris,France-basedSafran,SiC-based
exhaustconeisthe!rstCMCpartto"y
onajetlinerincommercialservice.
NASA
Efforts to mature CMC applications
include a SiC/SiC combustor liner,
SiC/SiC HP turbine vane, and an Ox/Ox
exhaust nozzle through its
Environmentally Responsible Aviation
(ERA) project.
BOEI
NGSuccessfully ground- and
"ight-tested
its Ox/Ox exhaust nozzle.
AEC
Exploring the ability to combine CMC
and 3D woven composite technology.
TECH
NICA
L
COMPANIESLOOKING
ATUSINGCMCIN
PLACEOFMETAL:
AERO
SPAC
E WAG
ES H
AVE R
ISEN
X3AS
QUI
CKLY
AS
AVER
AGE W
AGES
FOR
ALL O
THER
INDU
STRI
ES
THE A
EROS
PACE
INDU
STRY
£24B
NCO
NTRI
BUTE
S TO
THE
ECON
OMY
EVER
Y YE
AR
AERO
SPAC
E IND
USTR
YON
THE
RIS
E
Theadvanceshavebeenmadepossiblebythe
inclusionofnewmaterialslinkedtosmall,
concentratedmarketssuchasINDUSTRIAL
MINERALS.
Carbon!brecompositesareaffectedby
secrecyandlimitednumberofplayersin
thesupplychain.
Aluminiumisaffectedbythesupply
concentrationofalloymaterialssuchas
siliconandscandium.
Themovetowardsmoreall-electricaircraft
meansgreaterdemandfor
whichwillbeusedforanincreasingnumber
ofmotors.
A 3D printer creates 3D products by the
laying down of successive layers of
material using digital technology, a
process also known as "additive
manufacturing.#
Researchers in the US have recently come
up with a method of3D printing
ceramic microlattices, which have
fewer
"aws than ceramics made using
conventional sintering processes, and
could be used in
or
space shuttles
other
and
aerial vehicles
jet
engines.
2014!gures
OF LA
RGE C
OMPA
NIES
ARE
75%
ADOP
TING
D PR
INTI
NG3
3DPR
INTI
NG IN
DUST
RY
Wohlers Report 2016
2015
TOIN
$5.16
5BN
AND
RELA
TED
SERV
ICES
GRE
W25
.9% (C
AGR)
3DPR
INTI
NG
THE A
EROS
PACE
INDU
STRY
RELA
TED
SERV
ICES
IN20
14
SPEN
T AN
ESTI
MAT
ED3D
ONPR
INTI
NG A
ND$3
80M
$$$$
$$$$
$$$$
$$$
$$$$
$$$$
$$$$
$$$
$$$$
$$$$
$$$$
$$$
TheairlinesectorinAsian
countries,whichusedtobe
governmentownedandcontrolled,hasnow
openedup,allowingindependentcompanies
toestablishthemselves.
GROW
TH IN
THE
AERO
SPAC
E SEC
TOR
IS B
EING
DRI
VEN
BY
ASIA
TITA
NIUM
SPO
NGE
160,
000-
170,
000
CONS
UMED
EVER
Y YE
ARTO
NNES
$1.5
-2BN
ESTI
MAT
EDTO
VAL
UETheaerospaceindustry
accountsforaround80-
87%ofthis,and
excludingthemilitary
industry,consumes50,000
to60,000tpasponge.
Growthintheindustry,
isoccurringatanannual
rateof5-6%.
(GroupDF)
ALUM
INIU
Musedinaircraft,missiles,
spacecraft.
ExtractedfromBAUXITE
CAUSTICSODAisusedtoextract
aluminafrombauxite
AttheSMELTER:Kilnusesrefractory
materialssuchasGRAPHITE(forthe
anode)MAGNESIA,MULLITE,ANDALUSITE,
CHROMITE
LITH
IUM
usedasanalloywithALUMINIUMin
aircraftmanufacture
QUAR
TZusedinsignaltesting
ZIRC
ONIU
Musedinmissilesandaircraft,aero
enginesandparts,turbinesand
turbinegeneratorsetunitsand
nuclearfuelassemblies
ZIRCONIA(ZrO2)isobtainedby
processingZIRCON(ZrSiO4)or
BADDELEYITE(naturalzirconia)
SILI
CON
CARB
IDE(SiC)
usedinradioequipment
GRAP
HITE
usedtomakecarbon!bres
TITA
NIUM
DIOX
IDE(TiO2)
usedincoatings
ILMENITEandRUTILEareusedtomake
TiO2
TITA
NIUM
SPON
GEProducedfromtitaniumtetrachloride
(TiCI4)viathechlorideprocess,
reducingtheILMENITE,orfromRUTILE
SLAG
MIN
ERAL
S IN
AER
OSPA
CE
THRO
AT IN
SERT
SAN
D GU
IDE V
ANES
Carbon composites are used in aeroplane
brakes wherelight weight, low
wear rate,
temperature
and
resistance
critical
are
.
USED
FOR
PROP
ELLA
NTRO
CKET
EXHA
UST
NOZZ
LES
GRAPHITE
consu
ltancy
.A
t 95%
confid
ence
, In
dust
rial M
inera
ls h
as
a r
eders
hip
betw
een 3
,601 a
nd 5
,100 r
eaders
.*T
he r
eaders
hip
figure
base
d u
pon a
surv
ey
conduct
ed in
Apr
2015, has
been independently
audited b
y IP
SO
S M
OR
I, the inte
rnational m
edia
**IM
reader
surv
ey
conduct
ed in
April 2015
analy
tics
Sept 2015 -
Jan 2
016)
A CH
ANGI
NG IN
DUST
RYTheperformanceofaircraftengines
hasadvancedoverthepast70years
sourc
e M
ike R
olli
nger
RAREEARTHMAGNETS
CERA
MIC
S
DYSP
ROSI
UMNE
ODYM
IUM
PRAS
EODY
MIU
MLA
NTHA
NUM
MOL
YBDE
NUM
EURO
PIUM
RARE
usedinmagnets
usedinmagnets
lasers,capacitators
usedin
!breoptics
usedinbatteries
usedinmissiles,
spacecraftand
aeroplaneengines
usedinnuclearcontrol
rodsandlasers
EART
HS
