CeramicsKulinich Ekaterina, Ph.D, Chair of Silicate Technology and

Nanotechnology

Сeramics -

is an inorganic, non-metallic solid material prepared by the action of heat and next cooling. Ceramic materials have a crystalline or partly crystalline structure

Ceramic materials are brittle, hard, strong in compression, weak in shearing and tension

Ceramics in general stable in very high temperatures (from 1,000°C to 1,600°C).

Traditional ceramic raw materials include: -clay minerals (kaolinite)-aluminiumoxide (feldspare)-silica (sand)

The word "ceramic" comes from the Greek word κεραμικός (keramikos) meaning pottery

- domestic- industrial- building- technical- art objects

Types of ceramic products (4 groups:)

Structural ceramics (bricks, pipes, floor and roof tiles

Refractories ceramics (kiln linings, fire radiants, steel and glass making crucibles)

Whitewares (tableware, wall tiles, pottery products, and sanitary ware)

Technical Ceramics (Space Shuttle program, ballistic protection, nuclear fuel pellets, bio-medical implants, blades, and bombs)

Whiteware ceramics Bone china

calcined cattle bone (bone ash)

Characteristics:high whiteness, translucency and strength

Production of bone china usually involves a two stages:

firing of bisque (items without a glaze) at the temperature 1280 °C

glaze (glost) fired at a lower temperature (below 1080 °C)

Earthenware

25% clay, 28% kaolin, 32% quartz, 15% feldspar

Porcelain is a ceramic material made by heating raw materials, generally including clay in the form of kaolin, in a kiln by the temperatures from1,200 °C to 1,400 °C.

Classification of technical ceramics

Oxides ceramics: alumina, zirconia

Non-oxides ceramics: Carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides

Composites: сombinations of oxides and non-oxides.

Other applications of ceramics

knives

Ball bearings Ceramic balls can be used to replace steel

in ball bearings

ceramic engine (which can run at a temperature of

over 3300°C)

Bio-ceramics-dental implants -synthetic bones- coatings - bone fillers

Main objects

Definition of ceramics History of ceramics Types of ceramics Using of ceramics

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