Ceragon - IP-10R1 ADV - Book - V1.3

CERAGON FIBEAIR

COURSE HANDBOOK

Installation, Commissioning

& System Configuration

2010

Visit our Customer Training Portal at Training.Ceragon.Com

or contact us at [email protected]

Trainee Name:

Ceragon Training Center

eLearning provides a first

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new technologies,

resulting in an estimated

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costs related to

implementation of new

applications & business

processes.eLearning is a great

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1 Ceragon Training Agenda v2.0

Ceragon Training Agenda

Product: IP-10

Course: IP10AO&M Extended Operation and Maintenance

Duration: 3 days

DAY ONE

Introduction to Radio Microwave:

Parameters affecting propagation (Fresnel Zone, Duct, Multipath) Digital Modulation Basics Radio Link Components MSE

Introduction to 802.1:

The need for smaller broadcast domains Standard Ethernet Frame VLAN Tagging P-Bits & VID Q-in-Q

Introduction to IP-10 IDU

IP-10 Front Panel Description

Introduction to RFU-C / or other ODU type

Installation:

Physical Installation of IDU + ODU IP address using CLI

Commissioning:

System name & Contact Details (Unit Info) Reading Versions External Alarms Setting IP Address and Management (In Band / OOB) Trap Destination Updating the license

Radio Link Commissioning:

Frequencies TSL & RSL & MSE ATPC Management (In band / OOB) Link ID Local & Remote frequency change

Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 1

2 Ceragon Training Agenda v2.0

Ceragon Training Agenda

DAY TWO

Adaptive Coding & Modulation (ACM)

Switch Mode Configuration:

Single Pipe Managed Mode Metro Mode

Interface Configuration:

ETH Ports (Trunk VS. Access) E1 Ports

Troubleshooting Tools & Maintenance:

Using the Current Alarms Using the Event Log Using RMON Registers and Statistics Performing Loopbacks Saving Unit Information Files Configuration File Upload / Download Software File Download

DAY THREE

1+1 Protection: Configuration Review

1+1 Protection: Practical Exercise

QoS: Configuration Review

QoS: Practical Exercises

Introduction to CFM (802.1ag)

CFM: Practical Exercises

Q-in-Q: Configuration Review

Q-in-Q: Practical Exercise


3/8/2010

1

Ceragon in a Nutshell

Products

Proprietary and Confidential

Agenda

2

Think Backhaul Networks

1. 1500R IDU

2. IP-MAX^2 IDU

3. IP-10 IDU

4. IP-10G IDU

5. Nodal Solutions

6. 3200T IDU

7. Outdoor units

8. Outdoor Enclosures


3/8/2010

2


Ceragon FibeAir Family

3

Carrier Ethernet Switch TDM Cross Connect

Native2 Radio

Ethernet + TDM

ACM Ch-STM1/OC3

Terminal

Mux

E1/T1FastEthernet

Gigabit

Ethernet

10-500Mbps, 7-56MHz

OA&M Service Management Security

RFU (6-38GHz)

XPIC

Multi

Radio

SD/FD


IDU 1500R Point to Point SDH Radio Link

4

STM RingSTM Ring


3/8/2010

3


IDU 1500R SDH RING

5

XC

PSN

XC

N x STM-1/OC-3

Aggregation Site

ADM/MSPP

Ceragon

FibeAir 1500R


IP-MAX^2 IDU: GbE Backhaul

6

IP/ETH

Provider

network

ETH


3/8/2010

4


IP-10 IDU: Enhanced Cellular Backhaul

7

IP/ETH

Provider

network

Cellular

traffic

(TDM)

N x ETH


IP-10G IDU: A Nodal Solution

8

STM

Rings

Cellular traffic

(TDM)


3/8/2010

5


3200T All Indoor: High Capacity Trunk

9

SDH


3200T Split Mount: High Capacity Trunk

10

SDH


3/8/2010

6


RFUs

FibeAir RFU-HP FibeAir RFU-HS FibeAir RFU-P FibeAir RFU-C

High power(e.g. Smaller antennas reduced cost)

Standard power


Outdoor Enclosures Solution Benefits

Full Outdoor solution:

Dust and weather proof

Compact size reduces the cost of leasing or purchasing rack space.

Ideal for Greenfield areas, at solar-powered sites, and at repeater sites adjacent to highways.

One-man installation and shorter cabling reduce installation costs.

Environment-friendly: Greener deployments, saving on power and air-conditioning costs.


3/8/2010

7

Proprietary and Confidential13

CoreSite

HubSite

Tail site

Native2 - Is a technology for carrying both TDM and Ethernet traffic Natively

over the same microwave links with dynamic bandwidth allocation.

FibeAir

IP-10

BSC/MSC

Native E1/T1

Native Ethernet

Native2 (MW links) IP/MPLS (Hybrid Fiber/MW)

FibeAir

IP-10

NG-SDH

MSPP

E1/T1 over SDH/SONET

n x T1/E1

FE/GE

GE

STM1/

OC3

STM1/

OC3

Hybrid aggregation network for migrationNative2 at the access, IP/MPLS & SDH/SONET at the aggregation

RNC

GE

MPLS

Router

SDH/SONET (Hybrid Fiber/MW)

MPLS

Router

Ethernet over IP/MPLS

NG-SDH

MSPP


Aggregating WiMAX / LTE Ready

14

Hub / Aggregation site

WiMAX / 4G / LTE

Cellular site

Business center

WiMAX

Ceragon

2G/3G base station

Wireless Carrier Ethernet

Backhaul Network

Ceragon

Core IP BackboneAccess Metro / Aggregation

WiMAXPoint to Multipoint solution for Ethernet traffic

aggregation and statistical

multiplexing for a mix of Business

and mobile offload Ceragon Point

to Point for TDM aggregation

Ceragons Point to Point backhaul supports Native Ethernet with traffic

QoS awareness

Ethernet traffic is tunneled through

E-LAN/ E-Line EVCs

TDM traffic (E1/T1) are being

aggregated using Ceragon integrated

TDM cross connect

Ethernet (GE) is sent over to an

IP/MPLS Layer

TDM (STM-1/OC-3) is sent over to

an SDH/SONET layer

Ceragon High-capacity "MPLS-

aware" Ethernet microwave radio is

used where fiber connections not

available.

TDM

E1/T1

STM-1 / OC-3

GE


3/8/2010

8


Ceragons Advantages

High Spectral-Efficiency

High System-Gain

Multi-Service Concentration capabilities

High Level of Redundancy

Adaptive Modulation

Pay-as-you-grow concept

15


High Spectral-Efficiency(i.e. 256QAM modulation)

Providing more capacity at any given frequency resources e.g. 18xE1 or 50Mbps @ 7MHz channel-bandwidth

Better utilizing valuable frequency resources e.g. using high spectral efficiency we provide 155-200Mbps @ 28MHz, using a Single wireless link!

Average microwave will require Two links causing higher CAPEX and consume additional valuable frequency

Get the same capacity

with ONE link

instead of TWO!


3/8/2010

9


TypicalMicrowave Radio

IP10Microwave Radio

Required Capacity

155-200Mbps

TWO radio links

or

56MHz channel bandwidth

ONE radio link

using

28MHz channel bandwidth

Required Capacity

70-100Mbps

28MHz

Channel Bandwidth

14MHz

Channel Bandwidth

The operator saves CAPEX

and free-up valuable frequency resources

Higher Spectral-EfficiencyWhats in it for The Operator?


Higher Spectral-Efficiency is not enough

18

should always be coupled with

Radio Type Ant. Diameter Length Modulation Capacity

Typical System Gain 1.80 m 30 Km 16QAM 32 x E1s

Typical System Gain 1.80 m 21 Km 128QAM STM-1/OC-3

Typical System Gain 3.00 m 30 Km 128QAM STM-1/OC-3

High System Gain 1.80 m 30 km 128QAM STM-1/OC-3High System Gain

Spectral Efficiency

System Gain


3/8/2010

10


Ceragons Management Overview

IP-10 FibeAir


We adjust to customers

requirements

20


3/8/2010

11

Thank You!

[email protected]


Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course1


Introduction to 802.1 P/Q

Module Version v2.6


Objectives

2

Understand the need for smaller broadcast domains

Understand what is VLAN

Understand the difference between tagged and untagged frame

Understand VLAN applications




Associated IEEE Standards

3

IEEE 802.3 : Ethernet (Max. frame size = 1518 bytes)

IEEE 802.3ac : Ethernet (Max. frame size = 1522 bytes)

IEEE 802.1 d : MAC Bridge first introduced the concept of Filtering Services in a bridged local network

IEEE 802.1 q : VLAN Tagging

IEEE 802.1 p : Priority Tagging / Mapping

IEEE 802.1ag : OAM (CFM)


What is VLAN?

Advantages for using VLAN

Regular Ethernet frame

Tagged frame structure

Types of VLAN

Types of connections

802.1P implementations

2 of 19

AgendaAgenda

4




A Layer 2 Protocol which enables enhanced

traffic maneuvers :

Prioritization Filtering Provisioning Mapping (e.g. - ATM to/from ETH)

4 of 19

What is VLAN?

5

Proprietary and Confidential5 of 19

What is VLAN?

Regular ETH networks forward broadcast frames to all endpoints

6




VLAN networks forward broadcast frames only to pre-defined ports

(Profile Membership)

VLAN 1

VLAN 547

Switch ports

What is VLAN?

7


Breaking large networks into smaller parts (Formation of virtual workgroups)

Simplified Administration (no need for re-cabling when user moves)

Improving Broadcast & Multicast traffic utilization

Mapping expensive backbones (ATM) to simpler & cheaper ETH backbones

Security establishing tunnels / trunks through the network for dedicated users (traffic between VLANs is restricted).

3 of 19

Advantages of VLAN

8




Before we start explaining bit by bit, what is VLAN

and how does it work, let us review first the

structure of a regular ETH frame

9


Preamble + SFD DA SA Length / Type DATA + PAD FCS

6 Bytes 6 Bytes8 Bytes 2 Bytes 46 - 1500 Bytes4 Bytes

(32-bit

CRC)

FCS is created by the sender and recalculated by the receiver

Length / Type < 1500 - Parameter indicates number of Data Bytes

Length / Type > 1536 - Parameter indicates Protocol Type (PPPoE, PPPoA, ARP etc.)

Minimum 64 Bytes < FRAME SIZE < Maximum 1518 Bytes

Untagged Ethernet Frame

10



Proprietary and Confidential4 of 429 of 19

Additional information is inserted

Frame size increases to 1522 Bytes

4 Bytes

16 Bit

3 Bit 1 Bit 12 Bit

TPID = 0x8100 TCI

CFIP-TAG VLAN ID

TPID = Tag protocol ID

TCI = Tag Control Information

CFI = 1 bit canonical Format Indicator

Preamble + SFD DA SA Length / Type DATA + PAD FCSLength / Type

Tagged Ethernet Frame

11


VLAN ID uses 12 bits, therefore the number of maximum VLANs is

4094:

2^12 = 4096

VID 0 = reserved

VID 4096 = reserved (every vendor may use some VIDs for internal purposes such as MNG etc.)

VID 1 = default

After tagging a frame, FCS is recalculated

CFI is set to 0 for ETH frames, 1 for Token Ring to allow TR frames

over ETH backbones (some vendors may use CFI for internal purposes)

Tagging a Frame

12




Protocol type Value

Tagged Frame 0x8100

ARP 0x0806

Q-in-Q (CISCO) 0x8100

Q-in-Q (other vendors) 0x88A8

Q-in-Q (other vendors) 0x9100

Q-in-Q (other vendors) 0x9200

RARP 0x8035

IP 0x0800

IPv6 0x86DD

PPPoE 0x8863/0x8864

MPLS 0x8847/0x8848

IS-IS 0x8000

LACP 0x8809

802.1x 0x888E

TPID in tagged frames in always set to

0x8100

TPID / ETHER-Type / Protocol Type

It is important that you understand

the meaning and usage of this

parameter

Later when we discuss QoS, we

shall demonstrate how & why the

system audits this parameter

13


Membership by Port

VIDPort

11

12

443

2004

PRO easy configured

CON no user mobility

VID1

VID1

VID 44

VID200

VLAN types

14




Membership by MAC

VIDMAC

100:33:ef:38:01:23

100:01:de:22:42:ae

4400:20:8f:40:15:ef

20000:20:32:35:ea:11

PRO user mobility, no reconfiguration when PC moves

CON needs to be assigned initially, not an easy task with

thousands of endpoints

VLAN types

15


Membership by Subnet Address (a.k.a. Layer 3 VLAN)

VIDSubnet Address

110.0.0.0 / 24

120.0.0.0 / 30

4411.0.0.0 / 24

200192.168.1.0 / 24

Membership is based on the Layer 3 header

No process of IP address is done

Main disadvantage longer overall throughput

VLAN types

16




Membership by Protocol Type

VIDProtocol Type

1IP

44IPX

The VID is derived from the protocol type field

found in the Layer 2 header

13 of 19

VLAN types

17


VLAN aware Switch

Device unaware of VLANs

transmits untagged

(regular) ETH frames

Switch tags the ingress

frames with VID according

to specific Tagging

mechanism

Access Port a port which is not aware of VLANs

(Cannot tag outgoing frames or un-tag incoming frames)

A

Port Types

18




Device unaware of VLANs

transmits untagged

(regular) ETH frames

Switch tags the ingress frames with VID according to

specific Tagging mechanism

Switch un-tags frames with VID received from network

and delivers untagged frames to Access ports

Trunk Port a port which is aware of VLANs

(Can tag or un-tag incoming frames)

VLAN aware Switch

A T

Port Types

19


VLAN aware Switch

14 of 1914 of 19

Trunk Port can carry tagged frames with different VIDs.

This requires Port Membership configuration.

AT

A A

This port is not a member of the Trunk

port membership list, hence, traffic is

discarded

Port Types

20




VLAN

aware Switch

15 of 19

Q-in-Q (A.K.A. Double TaggingVLAN Encapsulation)

Enhanced security not exposing original VID

Improved flexibility of VID in the network

(Ingress VID was already assigned in the network)

CN PN

+

Port Types

21

Introduction to QoS / CoS

22




We can extend the benefits of ATM QoS into Ethernet LANs to guarantee Ethernet priorities

across the ATM backbone. A L2 switch or L3 router reads incoming 802.1p or IP ToS priority

bits, and classifies traffic accordingly.

To match the priority level with the appropriate ATM service class and other parameters, the

switch then consults a mapping table with pre-defined settings.

CBR

VBR

UBR

P-Tag 6

P-Tag 4

P-Tag 0

Mapping ATM QoS over ETH CoS (RFC 1483)

Core

Site

Hub

Site

Tail site

RNC

BSC/MSC

FibeAir

IP-10

n x T1/E1

FE/GE

GE

GE

STM1/

OC3

ATM

Router

MPLS

RouterIP-10

23

Proprietary and Confidential 16 of 19

Mapping ETH to MPLS and vice versa

Core

Site

Hub

Site

Tail site

RNC

BSC/MSC

FibeAir

IP-10

n x T1/E1

FE/GE

GE

GE

STM1/

OC3

STM1/

OC3

MPLS

Router

MPLS

RouterIP-10

IP-10s L2 switch can take part in the process of transporting

services through MPLS core

Frames/services are mapped to MPLS FECs according to:

VLAN ID mapped to MPLS EXP bits

VLAN P-Bit mapped to MPLS EXP bits

24




802.1P utilizes Traffic Classes:

A switch port allocates ingress frames to

queues (buffers) according to their P-Tag

value

The more queues the more prioritizing

levels (classes)

Downside more time, more memory

Normally 4 queues (TCs) are sufficient

In this example the port groups a few Bits

into a single queue

8 priority levels become 3 classes

25

VLAN P-Bit Remap (Traffic Classes)

Q4 High

Q3

Q2

Q1 Low

P-Bits 6-7

P-Bits 4-5

P-Bits 0-3


Ingress

P-TagsNumber of Available Traffic Classes

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

0 (default) 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1

1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2 0 0 0 1 1 2 2 2

3 0 0 0 1 1 2 3 3

4 0 1 1 2 2 3 4 4

5 0 1 1 2 2 3 4 5

6 0 1 2 3 3 4 5 6

7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Egress P-Tag

IEEE Recommendation

The following table shows

IEEE definition of traffic

classes

It shows the ingress options

for P-Tag VS. egress P-tag

The number of egress

priorities (classes) depend

on the number of assigned

queues

26

VLAN P-Bit Remap (Traffic Classes)




Acronyms

ETH Ethernet NIC Network Internet Card VID Vlan ID VLAN Virtual LAN P-TAG Priority Tag, Priority Bits CFI Canonical Format Indicator TPID Tag Protocol Identifier FCS Frame Check Sequence DA Destination Address SA Source Address QoS Quality of Service

27


Thank You !

[email protected]

28


1Mean Square Error


Agenda

MSE Definition

Expected value

The Error Histogram

Giving bigger differences more weight than smaller differences

Calculating MSE

MSE in digital modulation

Commissioning with MSE

MSE and ACM

2


2Proprietary and Confidential

MSE - Definition

MSE is used to quantify the difference between an estimated (expected)

value and the true value of the quantity being estimated

MSE measures the average of the squared errors:

MSE is a sort of aggregated error by which the expected value differs

from the quantity to be estimated.

The difference occurs because of randomness or because the receiver

does not account for information that could produce a more accurate

estimated RSL

3


To simplify.

Imagine a production line where a machine needs to insert one part

into the other

Both devices must perfectly match

Let us assume the width has to be 10cm wide

We took a few of parts and measured them to see how many can

fit in.

4



The Errors Histogram

(Gaussian probability distribution function)

To evaluate how accurate our machine is, we need to know how many parts

differ from the expected value

9 parts were perfectly OK

10cm 12cm 16cm6cm 7cm

width

Quantity

3

23

1

9 Expected value

5


The difference from Expected value

To evaluate the inaccuracy (how sever the situation is) we measure how

much the errors differ from expected value


width

Quantity

Error = + 6 cm

Error = - 3 cm

Error = + 2 cm

Error = 0 cm

Error = - 4 cm

6



Giving bigger differences more weight than

smaller differences

We convert all errors to absolute values and then we square them

The squared values give bigger differences more weight than smaller

differences, resulting in a more powerful statistics tool:

16cm parts are 36 units away than 2cm parts which are only 4 units away


width

Quantity

+ 6 cm = 36

-3 cm = 9

+ 2 cm = 4

Error = 0 cm

- 4 cm = 16

7


Calculating MSE

To evaluate the total errors, we sum all the squared errors and take the

average:

16 + 9 + 0 + 4 + 36 = 65, Average (MSE) = 13

The bigger the errors (differences) >> the bigger MSE becomes


width

Quantity

+ 6 cm = 36

-3 cm = 9

+ 2 cm = 4

Error = 0 cm

- 4 cm = 16

8



Calculating MSE

If all parts were perfectly produced than each error would be 0

This would result in MSE = 0

Conclusion: systems perform best when MSE is minimum

10cm

width

Quantity Error = 0 cm

9


MSE in digital modulation (Radios)

Let us use QPSK (4QAM) as an

example:

QPSK = 2 bits per symbol

2 possible states for I signal

2 possible states for Q signal

= 4 possible states for the

combined signal

The graph shows the expected

values (constellation) of the

received signal (RSL)

0001

1011

I

Q

10




The black dots represent the

expected values (constellation)

of the received signal (RSL)

The blue dots represent the

actual RSL

Similarly to the previous

example, we can say that the

bigger the errors are the

harder it becomes for the

receiver to detect & recover the

transmitted signal

0001

1011

I

Q

11



MSE would be the average

errors of e1 + e2 + e3 + e4.

When MSE is very small the

actual signal is very close to

the expected signal

0001

1011

I

Q

e1

e2

e3e4

12




When MSE is too big, the

actual signal (amplitude &

phase) is too far from the

expected signal

0001

1011

I

Q

e1

e2

e3e4

13


Commissioning with MSE in EMS

When you commission your

radio link, make sure your MSE

is small (-37dB)

Actual values may be read

-34dB to -35dB

Bigger values (-18dB) will

result in loss of signal

14



MSE and ACM

When the errors become too big,

we need a stronger error correction

mechanism (FEC)

Therefore, we reduce the number

of bits per symbol allocated for data

and assign the extra bits for

correction instead

For example

256QAM has great capacity but

poor immune to noise

64QAM has less capacity but much

better immune for noise

ACM Adaptive Code Modulation

15

16

Thank You !

[email protected]


3/8/2010

1

ACM - Adaptive Code Modulation


FibeAir IP-10s Key Feature

IP-10 utilizes a unique Adaptive Coding & Modulation (ACM)

Modulation range: QPSK - 256QAM

Modulation changes to maintain link when radio signal degrades

Mechanism automatically recovers to max. configured modulation when received signal improves

Optimized for mobile backhaul all-IP and TDM-to-IP migration

2


3/8/2010

2


Adaptive Coding and Modulation

Utilize highest possible modulation considering the changing environmental

conditions

Hitless & errorless switchover between modulation schemes

Maximize spectrum usage - Increased capacity over given bandwidth

Service differentiation with improved SLA

Increased capacity and availability

3


Adaptive Coding and Modulation

Non-real time

services

Voice & real time

servicesWeak

FEC

Strong

FEC

When we engineer our services, we may assign certain services to highest

priority

When ACM is enabled and link degrades, highest priority services are

maintained


3/8/2010

3


IP-10 Enhanced ACM Support

8 modulation/coding working points (~3db system gain for each point change)

Hit-less and Error-less modulation/coding changes based on signal quality

E1/T1 traffic has higher priority over Ethernet traffic

Each E1/T1 service is assigned a priority - enables differentiated E1/T1 dropping during severe link degradation

Integrated QoS with intelligent congestion management - ensures high priority Ethernet traffic is not affected during link fading

Zero downtime - A must for mission-critical services

Throughput per radio carrier:

10 to 50 Mbps @ 7MHz Channel

25 to 100 Mbps @ 14MHz Channel

45 to 220 Mbps @ 28 MHz Channel

90 to 500 Mbps @ 56 MHz Channel

5

MSE is analyzed to trigger

ACM modulation changes


IP-10 radio capacity - ETSI

Ethernet capacity depends on average packet size

ACM

Point

Modulation # of

E1s

Ethernet

Capacity

(Mbps)

1 QPSK 16 38 - 54

2 8 PSK 22 53 - 76

3 16 QAM 32 77 - 110

4 32 QAM 44 103 - 148

5 64 QAM 54 127 - 182

6 128 QAM 66 156 - 223

7 256 QAM 71 167 - 239

8 256 QAM 75 183 - 262

ACM

Point

Modulation # of

E1s

Ethernet

Capacity

(Mbps)

1 QPSK 32 76 - 109

2 8 PSK 48 114 - 163

3 16 QAM 64 151 - 217

4 32 QAM 75 202 - 288

5 64 QAM 75 251 - 358

6 128 QAM 75 301 - 430

7 256 QAM 75 350 - 501

8 256 QAM 75 372 - 531

7MHz

ACM

Point

Modulation # of

E1s

Ethernet

Capacity

(Mbps)

1 QPSK 23 56 - 80

2 8 PSK 34 82 - 117

3 16 QAM 51 122 - 174

4 32 QAM 65 153 - 219

5 64 QAM 75 188 - 269

6 128 QAM 75 214 - 305

7 256 QAM 75 239 - 342

8 256 QAM 75 262 - 374

ACM

Point

Modulation # of

E1s

Ethernet

Capacity

(Mbps)

1 QPSK 4 9.5 13.5

2 8 PSK 6 14 20

3 16 QAM 8 19 28

4 32 QAM 10 24 34

5 64 QAM 12 28 40

6 128 QAM 13 32 46

7 256 QAM 16 38 54

8 256 QAM 18 42 60

ACM

Point

Modulation # of

E1s

Ethernet

Capacity

(Mbps)

1 QPSK 8 20 - 29

2 8 PSK 12 29 - 41

3 16 QAM 18 42 - 60

4 32 QAM 20 49 70

5 64 QAM 24 57 82

6 128 QAM 29 69 - 98

7 256 QAM 34 81 - 115

8 256 QAM 37 87 - 125

14MHz

28MHz 40MHz 56MHz

6


3/8/2010

4


IP-10 radio capacity - FCC

Ethernet capacity depends on average packet size

ACM

Point

Modulation # of

T1s

Ethernet

Capacity

(Mbps)

1 QPSK 22 39 - 55

2 8 PSK 35 62 - 89

3 16 QAM 52 93 - 133

4 32 QAM 68 120 - 171

5 64 QAM 80 142 - 202

6 128 QAM 84 164 - 235

7 256 QAM 84 185 - 264

8 256 QAM 84 204 - 292

ACM

Point

Modulation # of

T1s

Ethernet

Capacity

(Mbps)

1 QPSK 37 65 - 93

2 8 PSK 59 105 - 150

3 16 QAM 74 131 - 188

4 32 QAM 84 167 - 239

5 64 QAM 84 221 - 315

6 128 QAM 84 264 - 377

7 256 QAM 84 313 - 448

8 256 QAM 84 337 - 482

10MHz

ACM

Point

Modulation # of

T1s

Ethernet

Capacity

(Mbps)

1 QPSK 31 56 - 80

2 8 PSK 46 82 - 117

3 16 QAM 69 122 - 174

4 32 QAM 84 153 - 219

5 64 QAM 84 188 - 269

6 128 QAM 84 214 - 305

7 256 QAM 84 239 - 342

8 256 QAM 84 262 - 374

ACM

Point

Modulation # of

T1s

Ethernet

Capacity

(Mbps)

1 QPSK 7 13 18

2 8 PSK 10 19 27

3 16 QAM 16 28 40

4 32 QAM 18 32 46

5 64 QAM 24 42 61

6 128 QAM 28 50 71

7 256 QAM 30 54 78

8 256 QAM 33 60 85

ACM

Point

Modulation # of

T1s

Ethernet

Capacity

(Mbps)

1 QPSK 16 28 - 40

2 8 PSK 22 39 - 56

3 16 QAM 32 57 - 81

4 32 QAM 38 67 - 96

5 64 QAM 52 93 - 133

6 128 QAM 58 102 - 146

7 256 QAM 67 118 - 169

8 256 QAM 73 129 - 185

20MHz

30MHz 40MHz 50MHz

7


IP-10 Enhanced radio capacity for Ethernet traffic

Intelligent Ethernet header compression mechanism

(patent pending)

Improved effective Ethernet throughput by up to 45%

No affect on user traffic

Ethernet

packet size (bytes)

Capacity increase by

compression

64 45%

96 29%

128 22%

256 11%

512 5%

8


3/8/2010

5


IP-10 Native2 radio dynamic capacity allocation Example: 28MHz channel bandwidth

Example

Modulation

Example

traffic mix

32QAM 128QAM 256QAM

All Ethernet 112Mbps 170Mbps 200Mbps

20 E1s + Ethernet 20 E1s + 66Mbps 20 E1s + 123Mbps 20 E1s + 154Mbps

44 E1s + Ethernet 44 E1s + 10Mbps 44 E1s + 67Mbps 44 E1s + 98Mbps

66 E1s + Ethernet - 66 E1s + 15Mbps 66 E1s + 47Mbps

75 E1s + Ethernet - - 75 E1s + 25Mbps

9


Adaptive Coding & Modulation (ACM)Its all about handling data...

Current Microwave systems are designed with Availability Equal for all Services

99.99 %

?

nXT1/E1

Less availability can be accepted for many data services

Need for Services Classification :

Microwave systems shall treat services in different ways

10


3/8/2010

6


Fewer Hops

0 1km 2km 3km

1.28km fix rate

200Mbps at 99.999%

2.5km adaptive rate

200Mbps at 99.99% and 40Mbps at 99.999%

Assuming: 18GHz link, 28MHz channel, 1 ft antenna, Rain zone K (42mm/hr)

0 1km 2km 3km0 1km 2km 3km

1.28km fix rate

200Mbps at 99.999%

2.5km adaptive rate

200Mbps at 99.99% and 40Mbps at 99.999%

Assuming: 18GHz link, 28MHz channel, 1 ft antenna, Rain zone K (42mm/hr)

Optional solution for several planning constrains

Example - Reducing Hops count until reaching fiber site

11


Decreased tower loads: Wind, Space, Weight

Without Adaptive Modulation: requires 4 ft antennas

Modulation Throughput (Mbps) Availability (%)

Unavailability of

modulation

Outage 5 minutes and 15 seconds

256QAM (2) 400 99.999 4min, 28sec

Modulation Throughput (Mbps) Availability (%)

Unavailability of

modulation

Outage 5 minutes and 15 seconds

QPSK 80 99.999 5min, 3sec

8PSK 120 99.998 9min, 3sec

16QAM 160 99.997 11min, 4sec

32QAM 210 99.996 16min, 42sec

64QAM 260 99.995 24min, 35sec

128QAM 320 99.992 37min, 35sec

256QAM (1) 360 99.989 55min, 33sec

256QAM (2) 400 99.985 1hr,18min, 13sec

Assumed rain zone K, 23 [GHz] band

4.5km/2.8 miles path, 56MHz channel, 400Mbps, 256QAM, 99.999% availability

With Adaptive Modulation: requires 1 ft antennas

Source: Ceragon Networks


3/8/2010

7


Typical 4E1 radio

QPSK

7MHz channel

99.999% availability

4xE1

7MHz channel

Upgrade to 4E1 + 40Mbps Ethernet

5 TIMES THE CAPACITY

SAME ANTENNAS

Same 7MHz channel

QPSK 256QAM with ACM

99.999% availability for the E1s

Low cost, scalable, pay as you grow

4xE1 + 40Mbps

Ethernet

7MHz channel

ACM Benefit in TDM to IP migration scenario

SMOOTH Migration

13

14

Thank You !

[email protected]


3/9/2010

1

Introduction to IP-10


Agenda

IP-10 Carrier Ethernet features overview

IP-10 integrated QoS support overview

IP-10 based Wireless Carrier Ethernet rings

Ethernet Service OAM (802.1ag)

IP-10 management support overview


3/9/2010

2

IP-10 Integrated Carrier Ethernet switch

2 main modes for Ethernet switching:

Metro switch Carrier Ethernet switching is enabled

Smart pipe Carrier Ethernet switching is disabled

Only a single Ethernet interface is enabled for user traffic

The unit operates as a point-to-point Ethernet MW radio

IP-10

Radio

interface

IP-10

Radio

interface

Smart pipe modeMetro switch mode

Ethernet

User

Interfaces

Ethernet

User

Interface

Carrier Ethernet

Switch

Extensive Carrier Ethernet feature-set

eliminates the need for external switches


What is Carrier Ethernet?

The MEF has defined Carrier Ethernet as:

A ubiquitous, standardized, carrier-class

Service and Network defined by five

attributes that distinguish it from familiar

LAN based Ethernet


3/9/2010

3


Carrier Ethernet Standard service types

E-Line service used to create:

Ethernet Private Lines

Virtual Private Lines

Ethernet Internet Access

E-LAN service used to create:

Multipoint L2 VPNs

Transparent LAN Service

Foundation for IPTV and Multicast networks etc.

E-Line Service type

E-LAN Service type

Point-to-Point EVC

Carrier Ethernet Network

UNI: User Network Interface, CE: Customer Equipment

CE

UNI UNI

CE

Multipoint-to-Multipoint EVC

Carrier Ethernet Network

CE

UNI

MEF certified Carrier Ethernet products

CE

UNI


IP-10 Carrier Ethernet platform (MEF Certified)

IP-10 is fully MEF-9 & MEF-14 certified

for all Carrier Ethernet service types

(E-Line and E-LAN)

The MEF Certification Program

An important part of the MEFs mission to accelerate the deployment of

Carrier Ethernet in the Access, MAN & WAN

Certification for Carrier Ethernet equipment supplied to service providers

Current certification program comprises

MEF-9 - Service certification

MEF-14 - Traffic management and service performance

Approved Certification Lab - Approved independent lab: Iometrix Inc.


3/9/2010

4

IP-10 - Carrier Ethernet functionality

Standardized Services

ScalabilityQuality of Service

ReliabilityService

Management

MEF-9 & MEF-14

certified for all

service types (EPL,

EVPL and E-LAN)

Up to 500Mbps per

radio carrier

Integrated

non-blocking switch

with 4K VLANs

802.1ad provider

bridges (QinQ)

Scalable nodal

solution

Scalable networks

(1000s of NEs)

Advanced CoS

classification

Advanced traffic

policing/rate-limiting

CoS based packet

queuing/buffering

Flexible scheduling

schemes

Traffic shaping

Highly reliable &

integrated design

Fully redundant 1+1

HSB & nodal

configurations

Hitless ACM

(QPSK 256QAM)

for enhanced radio

link availability

Wireless Ethernet

Ring (RSTP based)

802.3ad link

aggregation

Fast link state

propagation

3/9/2010

5

Wireless Ethernet OA&M (Operational Administration & Maintenance) Interoperability

ACM (Adaptive coding & modulation) in a wireless Ethernet radio link

Provision EVCs (Ethernet Virtual Circuit) and several types of Ethernet service while providing UNI (User Network Interface)

Pseudo-wire service and clock recovery

Nodal solution for aggregating and statistical multiplexing at hub/Aggregation site

Embedded switching capabilities whicheliminate the need for an external switch

At this event Ceragon

particularly focused on the

following Interoperability

tests:


3/9/2010

6


IP-10 integrated QoS support - overview

4 CoS/priority queues per switch port

Advanced CoS/priority classification basedon L2/L3 header fields:

Source Port

VLAN 802.1p

VLAN ID

IPv4 DSCP/TOS, IPv6 TC

Highest priority to BPDUs

Advanced ingress traffic rate-limitingper CoS/priority

Flexible scheduling scheme per port Strict priority (SP)

Weighted Round Robin (WRR)

Hybrid any combination of SP & WRR

Shaping per port

W1 - Highest priority

W2

W3

W4 lowest priority

Scheduling

departures

Classify

Arrivals

Priority Queues

Support differentiated Ethernet services

with SLA assurance

IP-10 based Wireless Carrier Ethernet rings

Ring site

#3

Fiber site

RNC

FibeAir

IP-10

FibeAir

IP-10

FibeAir

IP-10

Ring site

#2

FibeAir

IP-10

Tail site #1

FibeAir IP-10

Tail site #2

FibeAir IP-10

Tail site #3

FibeAir IP-10

Ring site

#1

Packet or TDM

based fiber

aggregation

network

or leased lines

Wireless

Carrier Ethernet

Ring


3/9/2010

7

IP-10 based Wireless Carrier Ethernet ringWith redundant site connection to fiber aggregation network (dual-homing)

Ring site

#3

Fiber site #2

RNC

FibeAir

IP-10

FibeAir

IP-10

Ring site

#2

FibeAir

IP-10

Tail site #1

FibeAir IP-10

Tail site #2

FibeAir IP-10

Tail site #3

FibeAir IP-10

Ring site

#1

Fiber site

FibeAir

IP-10

Fiber site #1

FibeAir

IP-10

Packet or TDM

based fiber

aggregation

network

or leased lines

Wireless

Carrier Ethernet

Ring


Wireless Carrier Ethernet Ring Example configuration (1+0 ring)

(up to 500Mbps)

N x GE/FE

Integrated Ethernet

Switching

N x GE/FE

N x GE/FE

N x GE/FE

Wireless

Carrier Ethernet

Ring


3/9/2010

8


Wireless Carrier Ethernet Ring Example aggregation site

Integrated Ethernet

Switching

Ring site

FibeAir

IP-10

N x GE/FE

Wireless

Carrier Ethernet

Ring

Wireless

Carrier Ethernet

Ring

Ethernet services End-to-end multi-layer OA&M

Support service provisioning, OA&M and SLA assurance

Tail site Agg. site

Carrier Ethernet service

Fiber site

Packet or TDM

based fiber

aggregation

network

or leased linesFibeAir IP-10

1+0

FibeAir IP-10FibeAir IP-10

1+1

Radio link Radio linkGE/FEInterface

GE/FE

Interface

Native EVC (802.1ag CFM)

Full set of OA&M functionality is provided at multiple layers:

Alarms and events

Maintenance signals (LOS, AIS, RDI, etc.)

Performance monitoring

Maintenance commands (Loop-backs, APS commands, etc.)


3/9/2010

9


IEEE 802.1ag CFM (Connectivity Fault Management)

18

IP-10 Management Overview

CeraMap

NorthboundNMS

NMS Platform

PolyView

CeraMap

IP-10 WebEMS

IP-10 WebEMS

HTTPHTTP

SNMP

CLI

Integrated web based element manager

HTTP based

Full set of EMS functionality - configuration,

performance monitoring, remote diagnostics,

alarm reports, etc.

SNMP interface to Ceragons PolyView NMS

Extensive CLI interface via local terminal or Telnet

HTTPCraft


3/9/2010

10

Extensive radio capacity/utilization statistics

Statistics are collected for 15-minutes, and 24-hours intervals

Statistics history is maintained

Capacity/ACM statistics

Maximum modulation in interval

Minimum modulation in interval

# of seconds in interval in which active modulation was below a user-configured threshold

Utilization statistics

Maximal radio link utilization in interval

Average radio link utilization in interval

# of seconds in interval in which radio link utilization was above a user-configured threshold


Ethernet in-band management

IP-10 can optionally be managed through the traffic carrying radio and Ethernet interfaces

The in-band management support is based on a dedicated management VLAN

The management VLAN ID is user configurable

Eliminates the need for dedicated management interfaces and network


3/9/2010

11

Thank You !

[email protected]


3/9/2010

1


RFU-C & Mediation Devices

The Most Comprehensive Portfolio

2

Multi-Service

Carrier Ethernet

FibeAir Family

TDM

RFUs6-38 GHz

EMS & NMS

3200T

IP-10 640P

1500R/1500P 3200T

RFU-C

RFU-HP

RFU-P, RFU-SP

PolyView (NMS)

CeraView (EMS)

IP-MAX2

IP-10 IP-MAX2


3/9/2010

2


IDU RFU Compatibility

RFU-C

RFU-SP

IP-10

IP-MAX/IP-MAX2

RFU-HP

640P

1500R

1500P

RFU-P, RFU-SP

3


IDU IDU Compatibility Across Link

IP-10

1500R1500R

IP-10

1500R

IP-10IP-MAX/IP-MAX2

1500P

Must Match IDU Type Across a Link

1500R chassis Cannot House 1500P IDC and IDMs

1500P chassis Cannot House 1500R IDC and IDMs

4


3/9/2010

3


RFU-C direct mount configurations

1+0 direct

5


RFU-C direct mount configurations

1+1 direct

6


3/9/2010

4


RFU-C remote mount configurations

1+0 remote

7


RFU-C remote mount configurations

1+1 remote

8


3/9/2010

5


RFU-C antenna adaptors

Adaptors for RFU-P direct antenna mount

Adaptors for NSN Flexi Hopper direct antenna mount

Adaptors for Ericsson R1A 23GHz direct antenna mount

Remote adaptors and configurations

9


RFU-C to NSN antenna

10


3/9/2010

6


RFU-C to Ericsson antenna (R1A 23GHz)

11


Thank You [email protected]

12




FibeAir IP-10

Installation


Agenda

Unpacking

Required Tools

Installing the IDU in a rack

Grounding

Lightning Protection

Connecting to a Power Supply

IDU Front Panel

Connecting RFU coax cable

Interface Specification

Protection Patch Panel

Logging in, assigning IP address




Unpacking

A single FibeAir system (1+0) is shipped in 5 crates

Upon delivery, make sure that the following items are

included:

Two indoor units and accessories

Two outdoor units

One CD with a management user guide

Unpack the contents and check for damaged or missing parts.

If any part is damaged or missing, contact your local

distributor.


Required Tools

The following tools are required to install the IDU:

Philips screwdriver (for mounting the IDU to the rack and grounding screw)

Flathead small screwdriver (for PSU connector and to unlock the IDC/IDMs from the chassis)

Sharp cutting knife (for wire stripping)

Crimping tool for ground cable lug crimping (optional: if alternative grounding cable is used)




Installing the IDU in a rack

The FibeAir IP-10 IDU is installed

in a standard ETSI 19" rack:

secure the IDU with four screws

(supplied)

IDU dimensions:

D: 187.80 mm

W: 435 mm

H: 42.60 mm


Grounding

Connect the grounding

cable between the IDU and

the rack using a single

screw with two washers

Only copper wire should be

used (at least 6 AWG).

FibeAir provides a ground

for each IDU, via a one-hole

mounted lug onto a single-

point stud (installed using a UL-

listed ring tongue terminal, and

two star washers for anti-

Rotation).




Lightning Protection

Lightning protection kit is installed upon request between IDU and ODU

It prevents transients of a greater magnitude than the following:

Open Circuit: 1.2-50us 600V

Short Circuit: 8-20us 300A



When selecting a power source, the following must be considered:

DC power can be from -40.5 VDC to -72 VDC.

Recommended: Availability of a UPS and power generator

The power supply must have grounding points on the AC and DC sides

The user power supply GND must be connected to the positive pole in the

IDU power supply.





-48 vdc 0

(-) (+)

PSU

(GND)


IP-10 Front Panel

CLI (DB9)

Baud: 115200

Data bits: 8

Parity: None

Stop bits: 1

Flow Control: None

16 x E1 / T1

(Optional)

RFU N-Type

Interface

1 GbE

SFP




IP-10 Front Panel

EOW

(Engineering

Order Wire)

External

Alarms

(DB9)

User Channel

V11,RS232

(RJ45)

Up to 19.2Kbps

1 GbE Copper

10/100/1000

RJ45

FE Copper

10/100 RJ45

Or

Protection

Channel

FE Copper

10/100 RJ45

Or

Wayside

Channel

FE Copper

10/100 RJ45

Or

Out-Of-Band

MNG

Fans

The FE interfaces can be configured as either FE, protection, wayside, or MNG


Connecting RFU coax cable

The Coax Cable that connects between the IDU and the RFU should

be terminated with N-type male connectors

Important! Make sure that the inner pin of the connector does not

exceed the edge of the connector.

The cable should have a maximum attenuation of 30 dB at 350 MHz.





Gigabit Ethernet (Optical)

1000Base-SX (Multi Mode)

Wavelength: 850 nm

Receptacle: MSA compliant SFP

Connector: LC

Max Segment Length: 220 m (1351 ft), 500 m (1650 ft)

Cable Type: For Max. Segment = 220 m: 62.5 m MMF

For Max. Segment = 500 m: 50 m MMF



Gigabit Ethernet (Optical)

1000Base-LX (Single Mode)

Wavelength: 1350 nm


Connector: LC

Max Segment Length: 550 m (1805 ft), 5000 m (16404 ft)

Cable Type: For Max. Segment = 550 m: 62.5 m MMF

For Max. Segment = 5000 m: 10 m SMF





Gigabit Ethernet / Fast Ethernet (Electrical)

1000BaseT (Twisted Pair Cable)


Connector: RJ-45

Max Segment Length: Up to 100 m (328 ft) per IEEE802.3

Cable Type: Compatible with shielded and unshielded twisted

pair category 5 cables



Optional 16xE1/T1

Connector: MDR 69 pin, twisted pair

Interface Type: E1/T1

Number of ports: 16 per unit (optional)

Timing mode: Retimed

Framing: Unframed (full transparency)

Coding E1: HDB3

Coding T1: AMI/B8ZS

Range: 5 m

Line Impedance: 120 /100 balanced,75 unbalanced (OPT)

Compatible Standards: ITU-T G.703, G.736, G.775, G.823, G.824,

G.828, ITU-T I.432, ETSI ETS 300 147, ETS

300 417, ANSI T1.105, T1.102-1993, T1.231,

Bellcore GR-253-core, TR-NWT-000499





ETH Interfaces (Wayside, MNG, Protection)

Connector: Shielded RJ-45

Used with: UTP Cat 5

Protocols supported: Ethernet (10/100BaseT), half or full duplex

Timing mode: Retimed

Range: 100 m

Impedance: 100



Order Wire Channel Interface

Termination Type: Headset stereo plug, 2.5 mm

Frequency band (KHz): 0.3-3.4

Input impedance (ohms): ~2000

Output impedance (ohms): 32

(64Kbps)





CVSD - Continuously variable slope delta modulation

User Channel Interface

The interface can be used for one of the following:

Asynchronous RS-232

Asynchronous V-11

Up to 9.6 Kbps


Connect the headset to AGC monitor BNC/TNC connector on ODU

Connect Digital Volt Meter (DVM) to the AGC BNC connector

Align the antenna until voltage reading is achieved (1.2 to 1.7Vdc)

Repeat antenna alignment at each end until the minimum dc voltage is achieved

1.30vdc = -30dBm

1.45vdc = -45dBm

1.60vdc = -60dBm

etc

Antenna Alignment (1)




Compare achieved RX level to

calculated RX level

Keep aligning until the achieved

level is up to 4 dB away from the

calculated received signal level

If voltage reading is more than 4

dB away or higher than 1.7vdc,

re-align antenna to remote site

Antenna Alignment (2)


Please refer to the FibeAir Commissioning and Acceptance Procedure document

for detailed information

Link is up (LED is green)

All LEDs are green (unless there is no input signal on the Line)

RSL is up to +/- 4dB from un-faded (calculated) RSL at both ends of the

link

Radio BER 10E-11 or better

No Errors on BER test of line STM1 interfaces

Proper function of management software

Commissioning and Acceptance




LEDS

23

LINK: GREEN radio link is operational

ORANGE - minor BER alarm on radio

RED Loss of signal, major BER alarm on radio

IDU: GREEN IDU functions ok

ORANGE - fan failure

RED Alarm on IDU (all severities)

RFU: GREEN RFU functions ok

ORANGE Loss of communication (IDU-RFU)

RED ODU Failure


LEDS

24

PROT: GREEN protection is configured and connected

ORANGE Forced switch, Protection lock

RED physical errors (no cable, cable failure)

OFF Protection is disabled, or not supported on device

RMT: GREEN remote unit OK (no alarms)

ORANGE minor alarm on remote unit

RED major alarm on remote unit





Verify that physical installation is successfully completed:

IDU mounting in rack

Power + GND

IF Cable between IDU and ODU

Connect a PC to the Terminal connector and launch a serial application

(Hyper Terminal, PuTTY, TeraTerm etc)

Log on using (admin/admin) for user name and password.

Now, you should be able to see the IP-10 CLI Prompt:

IP-10:/>>>>Note that the > sign

indicates your

location in the CLI

tree



CLI basic commands:

IP-10:/ >?

IP-10:/ > exit

IP-10:/ > cdIP-10:/ > cd ..

Type ? (question mark) to list helpful commands

Type exit to terminate the session

Type cd to navigate in the entity tree

Type cd .. to return to root of entity tree

Use the arrow keys to navigate through recent

commands

Use the TAB key to auto-complete a syntax





To read current MNG IP, type the following:

IP-10:/>>>>cd management/networking/ip-address/

IP-10:/ management/networking/ip-address>>>>

IP-10:/ management/networking/ip-address>get ip-addressNote that the prompt has changed. Now, type get ip-address:

IP-10:/ management/networking/ip-address>get ip-address192.168.1.1IP-10:/ management/networking/ip-address>

Upon completion, the current IP will be displayed, followed by the new

prompt:



Now, let us set a new IP for the MNG (we assume your new IP is

192.168.1.144).

Type set ip-address 192.168.1.144

IP-10:/ management/networking/ip-address>set ip-address 192.168.1.144

You may lose remote management connection to the unit if this value is changed incorrectly.Are you sure? (yes/no):

Upon completion, you will be prompt:

Type yes and continue to next step:




More CLI commands

Editing Users -

IP-10:/> cd management/mng-services/users

IP-10:/management/mng-services/users>

Adding JOHN as a user:

IP-10:/management/mng-services/users> add-user JOHN


More CLI commands

Adding JOHN as ADMIN user:

Deleting JOHN (or other user)

IP-10:/management/mng-services/users> add-user JOHN admin

IP-10:/management/mng-services/users> delete-user JOHN




User groups

CLI access groups:

Viewer read-only access

Operator read-write access but cannot add/remove other users

Admin read-write access including add/remove other users

Tech (highest) read-write access including add/remove other users as

well as access to a bridge-specific CLI shell


More CLI commands

To go back to factory defaults -

IP-10:/> cd management/mng-services/cfg-service

IP-10:/management/mng-services/cfg-service>set-to-default

In the new directory type the following:




Logging in to the EMS

Connect your working

station to the IDU with

ETH CAT.5 cable:

Verify that your WS IP

is in the same subnet

Make sure Link is up

PING the IDU

Launch a WEB

browser with a URL set

as the IDUs IP

User name: admin

Password: admin


Logging in to the EMS

The homepage of the web-browser EMS should display the

main view of the IP-10:

Now, we are ready to start configuring the system



35

Thank You !

[email protected]


3/8/2010

1


FibeAir IP-10

EMS Performance Monitoring


Agenda

2

EMS General Information

Faults:

Current Alarms

Event Log

PM & Counters:

Remote Monitoring

TDM Trails

TDM interfaces

Radio (RSL, TSL, MRMC and MSE)

Radio TDM

Radio ETH


3/8/2010

2


EMS - General

3

Easy, user friendly GUI

No need to install an application WEB Based software

No need to upgrade your EMS application embedded in the IDU SW

No need for strong working station simple PC is sufficient

(For maintenance issues FTP Server is required)

Easy access simply type the IP address of the IDU on your web page

Supports all IDU versions and configurations


Faults - CAS

The CAS window shows collapsed list of alarms

By expanding a line we can see additional information:

Probable cause

Corrective Actions


3/8/2010

3


Faults Event Log

The Event Log shows max. 200 lines of events

When Event #201 occurs, Event #1 is erased and #201 is logged as #200.


PM Clearing previous data

To erase all IDU PM data, click the CLEAR button -


3/8/2010

4


PM RMON

The system supports Ethernet statistics counters (RMON) display. The counters

are designed to support:

RFC 2819 RMON MIB. RFC 2665 Ethernet-like MIB.

RFC 2233 MIB II.

RFC 1493 Bridge MIB.


PM RMON Special Registers

RMON register / Counter Description

Undersize frames received Frames shorter than 64 bytes

Oversize frames received Frames longer than 1632 bytes

Jabber frames receivedTotal frames received with a length of more than 1632 bytes,

but with an invalid FCS

Fragments frames receivedTotal frames received with a length of less than 64

bytes, and an invalid FCS

Rx error frames received Total frames received with Phy-error

FCS frames receivedTotal frames received with CRC error, not countered in

"Fragments", "Jabber" or "Rx error" counters

In Discard FramesCounts good frames that cannot be forwarded due to

lack of buffer memory

In Filtered FramesCounts good frames that were filtered due to egress

switch VLAN policy rules

Pause frames received Number of flow-control pause frames received


3/8/2010

5


PM E1 / DS-1 (Radio PM)

This PM data relates to the TDM Line Interfaces.


PM E1 / DS-1 (Radio PM)

Here we can analyze TDM PM through the radio link


3/8/2010

6


PM Radio

Signal Level RSL & TSL analysis

Allows setting RSL & TSL thresholds

EMS will notify when signal exceeds THSLD

>> Easier maintenance

Aggregated radio traffic analysis

MRMC PM related to ACM:

Scripts

Bit rate

Radio VCs

MSE analysis


PM Radio Signal Level - Example

- 40dBm = Nominal RSL for an operational Link

Level 1: 25 sec

Level 2: 15 sec

900 sec = 15min Interval


3/8/2010

7


PM Radio Signal Level - Example

-40

-50

-68

-99 T [sec]

RSL

10 5 10

Using graphical display of the THSLD analysis allows us easier

examination of the RSL & TSL state throughout certain period of time


PM Radio - Aggregate

Aggregated radio traffic analysis


3/8/2010

8


PM Radio - MRMC

The information displayed in this page is derived from the license and script

assigned to the radio.

When ACM is enabled and active, as link quality degrades or improves, the

information is updated accordingly.


PM Radio - MSE

The information displayed in this page is derived from the license and script

assigned to the radio. When link quality degrades or improves, the MSE reading

is updated accordingly. Differences of 3dB trigger ACM modulation changing.

Threshold can be configured as well for easier maintenance.


3/8/2010

9


PM Ethernet

ETH Traffic + Threshold settings:

Frame Error Rate

Frame error rate (%) measured on radio-Ethernet

interface

Throughput data bits measured on radio-

Ethernet interface

Capacity - overall Ethernet bits rate, data &

overhead, measured on radio-Ethernet interface

Utilization - (Actual Ethernet throughput, relative

to the potential Ethernet throughput of the radio,

excluding TDM channels).

Utilization (%) is displayed as one of five bins:

0-20%, 20-40%, 40-60%, 60-80%, 80-100%


PM Ethernet

Ethernet throughput & Capacity PMs are measured by accumulating

the number of Ethernet octets every second, as they are counted by the

RMON counters


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19

Thank You !

[email protected]


3/8/2010

1

FibeAir IP-10

EMS General Configuration


Agenda

2

In this module we shall explain

the following features as they

appear on the EMS navigation

Menu


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2


Unit Parameters Step # 1

3

Configure specific

information that may

assist you later

Such info will help you

locate your site easier

and faster



4

VDC reading


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5

Celsius (metric) or

Fahrenheit (Imperial)



6

By default the time &

date are derived from

the operating system

clock

User may set new

values

These settings are also

used for NTP

connection (later

explained)


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7

IDU Serial number is

important when you

submit your request

for a License upgrade

When you complete

configuring all

settings, click Apply.


Versions

8

This page shows the complete

package of IDU and ODU software

components


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5


Versions

9

Lets explore this example:

The IDU running SW is displayed in the aidu line and currently it is 3.0.92

A new SW was downloaded sometime in the past (3.0.97)

The IDU was not upgraded yet


Versions RFU files

The IDU holds all the SW files for all the

components (IDU + ODU)

You can see here the different files per

ODU type

10


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External Alarms Collapsed Input Alarm Config.

11

Dry Contact Alarms (DB-9):

5 Inputs

1 Output


External Alarms Expended Input Alarm Config.

12


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External Alarms Configuring the Output Alarm

13

Group of alarms will trigger the external alarm Output.

Communication Alarms related to traffic: Radio / Ethernet line / TDM line

Quality of Service We do not have specific alarms of QoS

Processing Alarms related to SW: Configuration / Resets / corrupted files

Equipment Alarms related to: HW / FAN / RFU mute / Power Supply / Inventory.

Environmental Alarms of extreme temperature.

All Groups.

Test mode manual switch.


Management Network Properties

14

Here you can set the

Network Properties of

the IDU

This is the switch MAC address

If your link is up you

should be able to see

the other ends IP


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Management Local Properties (Out of band)

15

The IDU has 3 ports for local management: Port 7, Port 6 and Port 5.

You may enable none or up to 3 ports:

Number of ports =3 Port 7, Port 6, Port 5

Number of ports =2 Port 7, Port 6

Number of ports =1 Port 7

Number of ports =0 NO LOCAL MANAGEMENT !!!


Management In Band Properties

16

In Band Management requires unique VLAN ID

This helps separating MNG traffic from other services

In Band MNG packets are transferred via the radio link

When the link is down, management is down as well.


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Management Port Properties

17

These parameters

allow you setting the

management capacity

and port properties


Trap Configuration (OSS / NMS / Northbound)

18

To manage the IDU with OSS /

NMS, you will need to configure

the IP address of the OSS Server

You may configure up to 4 Servers

(Trap Destinations)


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Licensing Default License

19

Demo license can be

enabled on-site, it expires

after 60 days

(operational time)

Licenses are generated per

IDU S/N upon request

(capacity / ACM / switch

mode)

License upgrade requires

system reset.


Licensing Demo License Enabled

20

Demo License allows you full

evaluation of the IDU

functionality, features and

capacities


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11


NTP Client Properties

21

Enable / Disable

Type NTP Server IP address

Expect IDU to lock on NTP Servers clock

Expected Status:

1. If locked, it returns the IP address of the server it is locked on.

2. Local if the NTP client is locked to the local elements real-time clock

3. NA - if not synchronized with any clock (valid only when Admin is set to

Disable).

The feature supports Time Offset and Daylight Saving Time.

Time Offset and Daylight Saving Time can be configured via WEB (Unit

Information page) or via CLI: /management/mng-services/time-service>


NTP Properties

22


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NTP Properties

23

When using NTP with external protection 1+1, both Active and Standby

units should be locked independently on the NTP server, and report

independently their Sync status.

Time & Date are not copied from the Active unit to the Standby unit

(CQ19584)

When using NTP in a shelf configuration, all units in the shelf (including

standby main units) are automatically synchronized to the active main units

clock.


IP Table

24

Here you can manually set your neighbors network properties


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13


SNMP

25

V1

V3

No security

Authentication

Authentication privacy

SHA

MD5

No Authentication

26

Thank You !

[email protected]


3/8/2010

1

FibeAir IP-10

EMS Switch Configuration


Agenda

2

1. Switch mode review

2. Guidelines

3. Single Pipe Configuration

4. Managed Mode Configuration

5. Managed Mode Common Applications


3/8/2010

2


Switch Modes

3

1. Single (Smart) Pipe (default mode, does not require license)

This application allows only single GbE interface as traffic interface (Optical

GbE-SFP or Electrical GbE - 10/100/1000).

Any traffic coming from any GbE interface will be sent directly to the radio and

vice versa.

This application allows QoS configuration.

Other FE (10/100) interfaces can be configured to be "functional" interfaces

(WSC, Protection, Management), otherwise they are shut down.


Switch Modes

4

2. Managed Mode (license depended)

This application is 802.1Q VLAN aware bridge, allowing L2 switching based

on VLANs. This application also allows QoS configuration.

All Ethernet ports are allowed for traffic. Each traffic port can be configured to

be "access" port or "trunk" port:

Type VLANs Allowed Ingress FramesAllowed Egress

Frames

AccessSpecific VLAN should be

assigned to access the port

Only Untagged frames

(or Tagged with VID=0

"Priority Tagged )

Untagged frames

TrunkA range of VLANs should be

assigned to access the PortOnly Tagged frames

Tagged frames


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Switch Modes

5

3. Metro Mode (license depended)

This application is 802.1Q VLAN aware bridge, allowing Q-in-Q (A.K.A.

VLAN Stacking). This mode allows the configuration of a PE port and CE port.

Type VLANsAllowed Ingress

Frames

Allowed Egress

Frames

Customer-

Network

Specific S-VLAN should be

assigned to "Customer-

Network" port

Untagged frames, or

frames with C-tag

(ether-type=0x8100).

Untagged or C-tag

(ether-type= 0x8100)

frames.

Provider-

Network

A range of S-VLANs, or

"all" S-VLANs should be

assigned to "Provider-

Network" port

Configurable S-tag.

(ether-type)

0x88a8

0x8100

0x9100

0x9200

Configurable S-tag.

(ether-type)

0x88a8

0x8100

0x9100

0x9200


Guidelines

6

Changing switch modes requires a reset

Resets do not change the IP-10 settings (radio, configuration, etc.)

VLANs need to be created in the switch DB before assigned

to a port


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4


Single Pipe

Configuration

7


Single Pipe Configuration

8

IP-10 Switch

Port 1: GbE (Optical or Electrical)

Port 2: FE (RJ45)Port 8 (Radio)

VID 51

Untagged

VID 4 VID 45

VID 100


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Configuration Single Pipe

9

This is the default setting


Configuration Single Pipe

10

Only one ingress port

can be used:

Port 1 (Opt. or Elec.)

Port 2 (RJ45)

When one is enabled

the other is disabled

No need to configure

VID membership


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Managed Mode

Configuration

11


Configuration Managed Mode

12

Port #2 as Trunk (VID 200)

Radios as Trunk by

default Port #2 as Trunk

(VID 200, VID 300)Port #3 as Trunk

(VID 300)

IDU-B

IDU-A

Lets use this diagram as an example -


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13

Make sure both IDUs are aware of

the required VIDs

You need to create the VIDs before

you assign them to a certain port

(Set # & Apply)



14

Next steps:

1. Go to Interfaces page

2. Enable the required port (Ingress ports)

3. Configure the port type as Trunk or Access

4. Assign allowed VLAN IDs (port membership)

5. Radio port is automatically configured as Trunk, all VLANs are

allowed by default


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15

12

3

4



Common Applications

16

PC

IP-10

Access Port Radio = Trunk Port

PC

192.168.1.100

192.168.1.200

Transmits and

receives

Untagged

frames

Transmits and

receives

Untagged

frames

Tagging / untangling


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Common Applications

17

IP-10

Trunk Port

Radio = Trunk Port

Traffic

Generator

Trunk Port

Multiple L2

streams, each

identified with

unique VID

18

Thank You !

[email protected]


3/9/2010

1


FibeAir IP-10

Trunk VS. Access


Agenda

2

1. VLAN TAG Attributes

2. Access Port

3. Trunk Port

4. Extracting frames out of a trunk

5. General Guidelines

6. EMS Trunk Configuration


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2


VLAN TAG Attributes

3

1. In L2 ETH switching, L2 traffic can be engineered using the VLAN TAG

attributes

2. L2 traffic is controlled by defining port membership: Access or Trunk

3. Together, port membership + L2 traffic engineering convert

connectionless to connection-oriented network

4. In such networks, services are better deployed and maintained

5. VLAN TAG attributes include:

VLAN ID (12 bits)

Priority Bits (3 bits)

5. Additional attributes may be used to engineer traffic:

MAC DA

Port number


Access Port

4

Access Port is a port which is aware of a single VLAN only

Ingress traffic is expected to be Untagged, e.g. no VLAN

information exists within the received Ethernet frame

All frames that are received through this port are tagged with

default VLAN (VID + P bits)

All frames that exit through this port towards customer devices are

untagged (VLAN is removed)

Users can configure the L2 switch to assign different tagging

scenarios to different ports


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3


Access Port

5

Let us examine the Tagging / Untagging process of a L2 switch

DA SA Type Payload FCS

L2 ETH SW


Access Port Tagging ingress frames

6

Let us examine the Tagging / Untagging process of Port #1



VLAN TAG

Tagging

Port #1Port #8

Access Port:Untagged frame

Tagged frame


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4


Access Port Utagging frames towards customer interfacing ports

7

When Tagged frame from Network is forwarded to Access port, the

VLAN Tag is removed



VLAN TAG

Untagging

Port #1Port #8

Access Port: Untagged frame

Tagged frame


Access Port Tagging multiple ports

8

The switch can individually tag multiple Access ports with same VID or

unique VID




VLAN TAG = 10

Tagging

Port #1Port #8

Port #2

Access Ports: Untagged frames

DA SA Type Payload FCSVLAN TAG = 33


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5


Trunk Port multiple VIDs awareness

9

To be able to transmit & receive multiple VLANs, the common port has to

be configured as a Trunk Port




VLAN TAG = 10

Trunk Port

Port #1Port #8

Port #2

Access ports: Untagged frames



Trunk Port multiple VIDs awareness

10

Any port can be configured as Trunk

In this example, port #2 is facing customer device to forward all the

network VLANs (TX&RX)


Port #8

Port #2

Untagged frames




Trunk Port


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Trunk & Access Extracting frames out of a Trunk

11

A certain VLAN can be extracted out of a Trunk via Access port assigned

with specific VLAN membership (Default VID)


Port #8: Trunk

Port #2:

Trunk

Untagged

Ceragon - IP-10R1 ADV - Book - V1.3

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Transcript of Ceragon - IP-10R1 ADV - Book - V1.3