GOOD MORNING

Dr Tony Pious

CEPHALOMETRIC LANDMARKS

CONTENTS

Introduction Requirements Hard tissue landmarks Soft tissue landmarks Horizontal planes Vertical planes

INTRODUCTION

cephalometric landmarks are readily recognizable points on a cephalometric radiograph or tracing, representing certain hard or soft tissue anatomical structures (anatomical landmarks) & (constructed landmarks).

REQUIREMENTS

Should be easily seen on the roentgenogram,

Be uniform in out line, and easily reproducible.

Should have significant relationship to the vectors of growth.

Should permit valid quantitative measurements of lines and angles projected from them.

Measurements should be amenable to statistical analyses.

HARD TISSUE LANDMARKSNasionOrbitalePorion Sella Point APoint BBasion

Anterior Nasal SpineGonionPogonion Menton Gnathion ArticulareCondylion ProsthionInfradentale

Posterior Nasal

SpinePtm Point

SOFT TISSUE LANDMARKSGlabellaNasion Soft tissuePronasale SubnasaleLabrale Superius

Stomion SuperiusSuperior Labial Sulcus

Stomion InferiusStomion Labrale InferiusInferior Labial

SulcusPogonion Soft

TissueMenton soft tissue

These lines are obtained by connecting two landmarks.

Based on their orientation the lines or planes can be classified into horizontal and vertical.

LINES AND PLANES IN CEPHALOMATRICS

HORIZONTAL PLANE• Sella-Nasion plane

(S.N)

• Frankfort Horizontal

plane

• Occlusal plane

• Palatal plane

• Mandibular plane

• Basion – Nasion plane

VERTICAL PLANE

• A – Pog line

• Facial plane

• Facial axis

• Esthetic plane (E-

plane)

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