Central(Nervous(System( - Science 4 Warriors...

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Central Nervous System Chapter 8

Transcript of Central(Nervous(System( - Science 4 Warriors...

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Central  Nervous  System  

Chapter  8  

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Central  Nervous  System  

•  Includes  the  brain  and  spinal  

•  Protected  by  the  skull,  vertebrae,  and  meninges  

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Brain  Stem  

•  Controls  some  important  automa>c  body  func>ons  such  as  heartbeat,  breathing,  blood  pressure,  and  diges>on  

•  Cardiac,  respiratory,  vasomotor  centers  

a. Medulla  Oblongata  –  lowest  part  of  the  brainstem    

b. Pons  and  Midbrain  –  help  func>on  as  two-­‐way  conduc>on  paths  

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Brain  Stem  

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Diencephalon    

•  Hypothalamus  –  Below  the  thalamus      –  Exerts  a  major  control  over  virtually  all  internal  organs    

–  Also  an  endocrine  gland  –  works  w/  the  pituitary  gland  

•  Thalamus    –  Helps  produce  sensa>ons  –  sense  organs    

–  Helps  associate  sensa>ons  with  emo>ons    

–  Arousal  and  aler>ng  mechanism  

Between  the  midbrain  and  cerebrum    

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Cerebellum  

•  Produc>on  of  normal  movements    •  Helps  with  balance,  no  precise  movements    

•  Helps  sustain  posture.    

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Cerebrum  

•  Largest  part  of  the  brain  •  Ridges  are  called  convolu>ons  or  gyri  •  Grooves  are  called  sulci  –  the  deepest  sulci  are  fissures  

•  Func>ons  include  consciousness,  thinking,  memory,  sensa>ons,  emo>ons,  and  movement  

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Cerebrum  

•  Corpus  callosum  –  connects  the  right  and  leS  halves  of  the  brain  

•  The  surface  of  the  cerebrum  is  made  up  of  gray  ma/er  (cell  bodies  and  dendrites)  –  it  is  called  the  cerebral  cortex  

•  The  interior  of  the  cerebrum  is  made  up  of  white  ma/er  (axons  with  myelin)  

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Cerebrum  

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Spinal  Cord  

•  17-­‐18  inches  long    •  Outside  white  maXer    

•  Inside  gray  maXer  

•  Provides  a  two  way  conduc>on  path  to  and  from  the  brain  

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Spinal  Cord  •  Ascending  and  Descending  tracts  

•  Called  the  “reflex  center”  

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Spinal  Cord  

•  If  an  injury  cuts  the  cord  completely  impulses  can  no  longer  travel  to  and  from  the  brain.    

•  Produces  a  loss  of  sensa>on  called  anesthesia  and  a  loss  of  ability  to  make  voluntary  movements  -­‐  paralysis  

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Coverings  and  Fluid  Spaces  of  the  Brain  and  Spinal  Cord  

•  Meninges    –  tough,  fluid  containing  membrane  that  surrounds  the  brain  and  spinal  cord    

–   dura  mater  (outer),  pia  mater  (inner),  and  arachnoid  mater  (in  between)  

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Coverings  and  Fluid  Spaces  of  the  Brain  and  Spinal  Cord  

•  Cerebrospinal  fluid    – fills  spaces  in  the  brain  called  ventricles    –  this  is  a  circula>ng  fluid  that  comes  from  the  blood    

– also  fills  in  the  subarachnoid  spaces  in  the  brain  and  spinal  cord.  

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The  Central  Nervous  System