Central(Nervous(System( - Science 4 Warriors...
Transcript of Central(Nervous(System( - Science 4 Warriors...
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Central Nervous System
Chapter 8
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Central Nervous System
• Includes the brain and spinal
• Protected by the skull, vertebrae, and meninges
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Brain Stem
• Controls some important automa>c body func>ons such as heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure, and diges>on
• Cardiac, respiratory, vasomotor centers
a. Medulla Oblongata – lowest part of the brainstem
b. Pons and Midbrain – help func>on as two-‐way conduc>on paths
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Brain Stem
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Diencephalon
• Hypothalamus – Below the thalamus – Exerts a major control over virtually all internal organs
– Also an endocrine gland – works w/ the pituitary gland
• Thalamus – Helps produce sensa>ons – sense organs
– Helps associate sensa>ons with emo>ons
– Arousal and aler>ng mechanism
Between the midbrain and cerebrum
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Cerebellum
• Produc>on of normal movements • Helps with balance, no precise movements
• Helps sustain posture.
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Cerebrum
• Largest part of the brain • Ridges are called convolu>ons or gyri • Grooves are called sulci – the deepest sulci are fissures
• Func>ons include consciousness, thinking, memory, sensa>ons, emo>ons, and movement
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Cerebrum
• Corpus callosum – connects the right and leS halves of the brain
• The surface of the cerebrum is made up of gray ma/er (cell bodies and dendrites) – it is called the cerebral cortex
• The interior of the cerebrum is made up of white ma/er (axons with myelin)
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Cerebrum
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Spinal Cord
• 17-‐18 inches long • Outside white maXer
• Inside gray maXer
• Provides a two way conduc>on path to and from the brain
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Spinal Cord • Ascending and Descending tracts
• Called the “reflex center”
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Spinal Cord
• If an injury cuts the cord completely impulses can no longer travel to and from the brain.
• Produces a loss of sensa>on called anesthesia and a loss of ability to make voluntary movements -‐ paralysis
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Coverings and Fluid Spaces of the Brain and Spinal Cord
• Meninges – tough, fluid containing membrane that surrounds the brain and spinal cord
– dura mater (outer), pia mater (inner), and arachnoid mater (in between)
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Coverings and Fluid Spaces of the Brain and Spinal Cord
• Cerebrospinal fluid – fills spaces in the brain called ventricles – this is a circula>ng fluid that comes from the blood
– also fills in the subarachnoid spaces in the brain and spinal cord.
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The Central Nervous System