Central Oregon Soccer Officials Association Meeting Presentation September 19, 2012 Mehdi Salari...
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Transcript of Central Oregon Soccer Officials Association Meeting Presentation September 19, 2012 Mehdi Salari...
REFEREE MECHANICS
Central Oregon Soccer Officials Association Meeting Presentation
September 19, 2012Mehdi Salari
Excerpts from the 2008 USSF Guide to Procedures
www.lompocayso.org/Referee%20Guide.pdf
GENERAL MECHANICS
• USSF outline to standardize officiating techniques, signals and
mechanics.
• Tested and used at youth, adult, professional & international
competition.
• While every Official will have their own style of conduct, the goal is
to keep individual styles within a recognizable and common
boundary.
• An Official’s style should not interfere with the flow of the game,
result in unclear communication, or cause undue attention to the
Officials.
• Best way to learn Referee Mechanics … is to watch more
experienced Officials working a game. You can’t learn everything in
a book or from a presentation.
GENERAL MECHANICS --- WHISTLE
• It is neither required nor expected that the whistle be used for all stoppages and restarts of play.o A whistle demands attention and should be blown when such
attention is needed. Uncontested stoppages (as when a ball clearly leaves the field) should not be whistled — a voice and/or hand signal by the referee or a flag by the assistant referee will normally be sufficient.
o Referees should also be alert to the need for variations in the length, force, and tone of their use of a whistle to indicate different types of stoppages or different degrees of concern for the event that has just occurred.
• In the diagonal system of control, referees should take every opportunity of less activity on the field to make eye contact with each of the AR and confirm game status.
GENERAL MECHANICS --- HAND SIGNALS
• All referee hand signals are given with the arm straight at the indicated angle or direction, with the fingers fully extended.
• AR flag signals follow the same pattern with the flag held as an extension of the arm.
• Referees should be aware that various hand or arm gestures and facial expressions can have unintended, negative meanings in matches. Care should be taken therefore in the use of such gestures or expressions.
• Because of time constraints, we are not be able to cover the procedures & mechanics of 4th Officials; or the variations in the dual system.
PRIOR TO THE GAME• Arrival at the Field
o Should ideally be there a minimum of 30 min. prior to kick off• Inspections & Instructions
o Field: Markings, Safety, Conditionso Game Ballso Greet & introduce yourself to Coaches o Rosters o Player Equipment (inspect at walk around)o Talk with Ball Handlers or Clock Operators (if indicated)o Coin Toss and Sportsmanship talk with Captainso The crew can work together to handle these tasks
• 15-Minutes Before Kick-offo Referee resolves issues of questionable equipment, uniform, …
• Prior to Kick-offo Referee & AR enter field togethero AR Flags furledo Shake hands at midfield o AR: Final inspection of netso AR: Assume position with 2nd to last defendero AR: Count players and unfurl flag if ready to starto Referee: Makes eye contact with each AR before starting game
KICK-OFF REFEREE AR
Stand so you’re trailing the play at the start and have AR in site
In position with 2nd to last defender
Start your clock a few seconds before starting whistle
Blow whistle to start game
GAME MECHANICS
DURINGPLAY
General Positioning
REFEREE AR
Position flexible In line w/ 2nd last defender or the ball, whichever is closer to the goal
Able to observe active play and lead AR
Flag held straight down and visible to Referee
Remain close to play without interfering
Side-to-side movement, square to the field; unless speed is needed
Before signaling, stops, faces field & makes eye contact with Referee
GAME MECHANICS
GOALKEEPER
POSSESSION OR PUNT
REFEREE AR
Be where the ball is anticipated to drop (Landing Zone)
Verifies GK handles the ball inside the penalty area
Estimates drop point by watching player behavior (does not look up to spot the ball in the air)
Follows the ball up field to cover offside (can move up earlier if things obvious)
GAME MECHANICS
THROW-INReferee’s
Side of the Field
REFEREE AR
Signals stoppage of play (whistle only if indicated)
If ball passes out of play & immediately returns to the field, signals with a vertical flag in the hand indicating the direction of the restart, then drops flag when acknowledged
Points 45 degrees to indicate direction
Does not signal, unless the Referee makes eye contact and or requests at pre-game
Indicates correct location for restart
Variable position, can be on the field or off the field depending on position on field
GAME MECHANICS
THROW-INAR’s Side
of the Field
REFEREE AR
Whistles to stop play only if necessary
Signals with flag 45 degrees upward in direction of throw-in
Points direction only if correction or confirmation of AR’s signal is needed … but should indicate deflection or reason for over-rule
If the ball passes out of bound and immediately back into field, signals with a vertical flag until acknowledged by Referee, then flags the direction
Indicates correct location for restart Drops flag when it is clear that restart is established
Variable position, can be on the field or off the field depending on position on field
If the Referee does not notice, maintains signal in accordance to pre-game
Moves to 2nd to last defender
Supervises throw-in elements per pre-game
GAME MECHANICS
OFFSIDE REFEREE AR
Acknowledge AR’s signal by stopping play (whistle) or by waving down the flag
Raises flag vertically
If offside is called, give indirect signal during restart
If Referee misses the flag, stays with flag raised until the defense gains clear possession of the ball
Holds the indirect FK signal until ball is touched by another player or another stoppage
After making eye contact, indicated location of the offside by dropping the flag at the appropriate angle (far, middle, near side)
Intervenes quickly and decisively to prevent and deal with players from either team who seek to engage an AR in debate regarding an offside decision
GAME MECHANICS
GOAL KICK REFEREE AR
Signals stoppage of play (whistle only if necessary) if ball crosses Referee’s side of goal line
Points flag horizontally toward goal area if ball crosses AR side of the goal line, or if the Referee makes eye contact to ask for help
Points to the goal area If the ball passes out of play and immediately back into play … vertical flag until acknowledged … then point
Takes position down the field near where the ball is likely to be played (Landing Zone)
Moves to top of goal area to check for proper ball placement
Estimates drop point by observingplayer behavior (does not look upto spot the ball in the air)
Moves to top of penalty area to verify attackers not encroaching and ball clearing the penalty area
If the Keeper taking the GK, moves to position to judge offside
GAME MECHANICS
CORNER KICK
(Referee’s Side of Field)
REFEREE AR
Signals stoppage (whistle only if necessary)
Signals if Referee makes eye contact, or per pre-game meeting
Points 45 degrees upward toward the correct corner flag
Moves to the near corner and takes position on goal line behind the flag
Ensures that the ball is properly placed within the corner arc
If the ball passes out of play and immediately returns to the field, signals with a vertical flag until acknowledged by the referee, then points flag 45 degrees downward toward the near corner
Enforces the required distance if needed
Steps upfield from goal line to avoid pointing the flag off the field
GAME MECHANICS
CORNER KICK (AR’s
Side of Field)
REFEREE AR
Signals stoppage of play (whistle only if necessary)
Raises the flag vertically to get thereferee’s attention in cases where the ball left the field and quickly returned
Points 45 degrees upward toward thecorrect corner
Points the flag 45 degrees downward in the direction of thenear corner
Enforces the required distance if AR needing help
Steps upfield from goal line to avoid pointing the flag off the field
Ensures that the ball is properly placed
Takes a position even with the goalline, out of the way of players
Assists with enforcing the requireddistance based on pre-gameConference
Following the kick, recovers the offside position as quickly as possible
GAME MECHANICS
GOAL REFEREE LEADAR
Checks visually with AR Checks visually with Referee
Points upfield to the center circle
Runs a short distance up touch line toward halfway line if goal is good
Backpedals toward center circle and keeps players in sight
Keeps moving to avoid confrontation if approached
Prevents unnecessary or prolonged celebrations
Observes player behavior and actions
Intervenes quickly in situations where players or coaches confront AR
Takes up position for a kick-off
Records goal when in position for kick-off
Records the goal after Trail AR has recorded it
Makes eye contact with both AR before signaling for the kick-off
TRAILAR
Records the goal while the Referee & Lead AR are returning to their positions
Observes players while Referee & Lead AR are making notes
GAME MECHANICS
GOAL (Ball
comes back into field of play)
REFEREE AR
Looks to the AR for assistance
Raises the flag verticallyto get the referee’s attention
When the referee stops play, puts flag straight down, runs a short distance up the touch line toward the halfway line
Follows the remainingmechanics for a goal
GAME MECHANICS
APPARENT GOAL (To be
Disallowed)
REFEREE AR
Checks visually with the AR Stands in place
Decides on action after considering information from the AR
Signals the referee according to thesituations listed below:
Signals the correct restart and assumes proper position for restart
• If the scorer was offside at the moment the ball was passed to him or her, signals offside
Intervenes quickly to prevent attempts by players or others to confront an AR
• If there was a foul by an attacker, stands at attention with the flag held straight down at the side
Might be a good idea to confer quickly with AR, while keeping all the players on the field in line of sight
• If a player other than the scorer was in an offside position and, in the opinion of the AR, was interfering with play or with an opponent, stands at attention with the flag held straight down at the side
• Assumes the proper position for the restart indicated by the Referee
GAME MECHANICS
FOULS(Observed
by Referee)REFEREE AR
Stops the game with a whistle Responds to eye contact by the Referee requesting help regarding location of the foul either by:• Standing with the flag held clearly downward at
the side (to indicate that the foul occurred outside the penalty area), or ...
• By holding the flag straight downward in front of waist (to indicate that the foul was committed by the defense inside its penalty area)
Moves to the spot of the foul if necessary to prevent possible retaliation or misconduct
Per pre-game conference, assists in enforcing the required distance
Makes eye contact with the lead AR if needed for help with determining if a defender inside the penalty area committed the infringement
For free kicks within scoring distance, takes position requested by referee in pre-game conference (to cover offside or as goal judge)
Indicates the direction of the FK
Ensures that the ball is properly placed
Allows a quick FK, without the necessity of a separate signal, except where this is prevented or interfered with by an opponent’s failure to respect the required distance
Prevents the restart from occurring if a card must be shown for Misconduct
In cases where the restart is interfered with, clearly indicates that a separate signal is now required for the restart and then deals with the interference
If the kick is indirect, gives the appropriate hand signal for the restart and holds the hand signal until the ball has been touched or played by another player or goes out of play
GAME MECHANICS
FOULS(Not seen by Referee, but seen by LEAD
AR)
REFEREE LEADAR
Acknowledges the AR’s signal by stopping play, callingadvantage, or waving down the signal to indicate that play should continue
Determines that the infringement was not or could not be seen by the Referee and that, per the pre-game conference, the Referee would likely have stopped play for the foul if it had been seen
If play is stopped for the foul, indicates the direction and type of the FK and ensures that the FK is taken properly
Signals with the flag raised vertically in the hand appropriate for the restart direction and, upon making eye contact with the referee, gives the flag a slight wave
Confers with AR, if necessary, to confirm the nature of the foul, the possibility of a prior infringement, or additional misconduct (keeps field in view while moving to touch line and while conferring)
If the referee stops play, signals with the flag held 45 degrees upward in the direction of the restart if the foul was committed by any player outside of the penalty area or by an attacker inside the penalty area. May hold off hand up against body to signal Indirect FK.
Indicates the location of the restart if necessary
If the referee does not see the signal, continues to hold the flag straight upward in accordance with the pregame Conference
Per pre-game conference, assists in enforcing the minimum distance
For FKs within scoring distance, takes position requested by referee in pre-game conference (to cover offside or as goal judge)
Trail AR: If the referee does not see the lead AR’s signal, the trail AR mirrors the flag signal and, upon making eye contact with the Referee, directs his attention to the lead AR
GAME MECHANICS
FOULS(Not seen by Referee, but
seen by TRAIL AR)
REFEREE TRAILAR
Stops the game with a whistle Determines that the infringement was not or could not be seen by the Referee and that, per the pre-game conference, the Referee would likely have stopped play for the infringement if it had been seen
Confers with the trail AR, if necessary, to determine nature of the occurrence; while moving to confer, referee keeps field in view
Signals with the flag raised vertically in the hand appropriate for the restart direction and, upon making eye contact with the referee, gives the flag a slight wave
Deals with the incident as appropriate If the referee stops play, signals with the flag held 45 degrees upward in the direction of the restart if the foul was committed by any player outside of the penalty area or by an attacker inside the penalty area (off hand up again
Indicates the location and direction of the restart
If the referee does not see the signal, continues to hold the flag straight upward in accordance with the pregame Conference
Signals for the restart and ensures that the free kick is taken properly
For FKs within scoring distance, takes position requested by referee in pre-game conference (to cover offside or as goal judge)
Per pre-game conference, assists in enforcing the minimum distance
Lead AR: If the referee does not see the lead AR’s signal, the trail AR mirrors the flag signal and, upon making eye contact with the Referee, directs his attention to the Trail AR
GAME MECHANICS
PLAY ONAdvantage
AppliedREFEREE AR
Declares distinctly “Play on!” or“Advantage!” and moves both hands forward in a sweepingmotion at waist level
In the case of fouls or misconduct not seen by the Referee, determines whether the Referee would not have applied advantage and stopped play for the offense if it had been seen (keeps flag down and does not use the verbal/hand signal for advantage)
Avoids an advantage signal when an incident has been observed which is judged not to be a foul (or a trifling or doubtful foul)
Brings the Referee’s attention at the next stoppage or other convenient time any serious offenses on which the referee should act in some way but for which the AR did not signal at the time the offense occurred
GAME MECHANICS
PENALTY KICK
REFEREE LEAD AR
Whistles to stop play Waits for the Referee to begin supervising the restart and then moves quickly to the intersection of the goal line and the penalty area line to prepare for the duties assigned bythe Referee in the pre-game Conference
Points clearly to the penalty mark and, unless needed elsewhere for game control purposes, moves to the edge of the penalty area near the goal line to avoid confrontation and dissent
If a goal is scored, keeps players under observation and follows the normal goal procedure
Deals with players who may attempt to protest or dispute the decision
If play continues, quickly resumes the position to judge offside (cutting the corner of the field if necessary) and keeps play in view
Supervises the placement of the ball
Identifies the kicker TRAILAR
Moves to a position in line with the top of the goal area to supervise the PK, far enough from the penalty mark to see all the players
Moves up the touch line to near the midfield line and monitors player activities out of the view of the Referee
When the ball and all the players are properly in position, signals for the kick to be taken
If a goal is not scored, quickly takes a position appropriate for the next phase of play
If a goal is scored, backpedals quickly up field keeping the area in front of the goal and other players under observation
If a goal is not scored, quickly takes a position appropriate for restart or next play of the ball
GAME MECHANICS
PENALTY KICK
Indicated by AR
REFEREE AR
Whistles to stop play Determines that the direct FK foul by a defender inside the penalty area was not seen by the referee and that, per the pre-game conference, the Referee would likely have stopped play for the foul if it hadbeen seen
Points clearly to the penalty mark
Signals with a flag straight up
Follows the normal procedures for a PK
Upon making eye contact with thereferee, gives the flag a slight wave
Quickly intervenes to prevent and control player attempts to confront the AR regarding the decision
If referee stops game, AR begins walking toward the corner flag
Takes the appropriate position either for the PK if confirmed by the Referee or for the next phase of play if the referee orders a different restart
GAME MECHANICS
Injuries REFEREE AR
Makes quick assessment of seriousness
Closest to injury, assists with determination of seriousness
Returns to position if not serious Closest to injury, provides information to Referee regarding related player actions (cause of injury, fouls, misconduct,retaliation, etc.)
Gives teams opportunity to stop play by sending ball off the field (sportsmanship)
Closest to team areas, prevents entry into the field of persons not beckoned by Referee and calms others remaining off the field
Stops play if injury is serious and notes location of ball for restart
Signals for team official, trainer or other medical assistance to enter the field
Confers with ARs, if necessary, to determine events leading to injury
Stays out of the area where the injured player is being attended to
Monitors time lost
Encourages timely restarts consistent with the safety of the injured player
GAME MECHANICS
MISCONDUCT
Play Stopped
Immediately
REFEREE AR
Quickly identifies and begins moving toward offending player and beckons player to approach
Prevent others on or off the field from interfering with the referee’s procedures
Attempts to draw offending player away from teammates and opponents
Record any pertinent information to assist with subsequent reporting of the misconduct
Discourages others from approaching, interfering, or participating
Monitor the departure from the fieldof a player sent off
Stops a reasonable distance away from offending player and begins recording necessary information
States clearly and concisely that the player is being cautioned or sent from the field and displays the appropriate card by holding it straight overhead
If the player is being sent off, delays the restart of play until the player has left the field entirely
In situations where the event or conduct being penalized includes the potential for retaliation or further misconduct, immediately moves to the location of the misconduct and displays the appropriate card before recording any information
GAME MECHANICS
MISCONDUCT
Play NOT Stopped
Immediately
REFEREE AR
Gives the advantage signal (verbal and arms swept upward to waist) and, if possible, identifies the player who has committed misconduct
Takes note of the player identified by the Referee and, if necessary or requested by the Referee, provides additional information regarding the misconduct at the next stoppage of play
At the next stoppage, whether caused by the ball leaving the field or by the decision of the referee:• Directs the attacking team to wait
for a signal before the restart, returns to the player who committed misconduct and follows the appropriate procedure
Or
• Allows the restart to occur quickly without displaying the yellow card for a caution if the misconduct was committed by a player on the team which does not have possession on the restart and if, in the opinion of the referee, the attacking team would benefit from the quick restart
GAME MECHANICS
SUBSTITUTIONS
REFEREE AR
Looks to AR1 & midfield at every Dead Ball or substitution opportunity
Gives the substitution signal and holds it until eye contact is made with the Referee
Indicates that the restart will be delayed for the substitution and cannot occur except by the Referee’s signal (whistle only if necessary)
Other AR mirrors the signal if the Referee is not looking in the necessary direction,directs the Referee’s attention to the opposite side of the field when eye contact is made
When the player has left the field, beckons on the substitute
When acknowledged by the Referee, lowers the flag
Adds time as appropriate for excessive delay in performing the substitution
Moves to the halfway line to supervise, based on the pre-game conference
Does not permit the substitution if the substitute is not prepared to enter the field or if the team in possession on the restart is prepared to restartquickly
Ensures that the substitute does not enter the field until the player being replaced has left the field (can discuss this at pre-game conference)
Checks equipment, uniform, and credentials if the substitute was not present at the start of the match
Assists the Referee in determining when the substitution is complete based on the pre-game conference
GAME MECHANICS
TIMING REFEREE AR
Makes eye contact with AR for indication
Indicates time within the last 5minutes with appropriate number of fingers pointing downward against the background of the shorts
Confirms the AR’s signal and/or indicates additional time if near the end of the half
Displays closed fist on the shorts if time has expired
If the Referee might have difficulty seeing a signal against the shorts, signals instead against the jersey across the chest
GAME MECHANICS
END OF GAME or
HALFREFEREE AR
Signals with the whistle (two bursts for half, and three bursts for the end of game)
May secure the game ball if closer to it than the Referee, and gather balls behind the nets at halftime.
Points up field to the center circle
Join the Referee on the field
Secures the game ball at halftime. Can leave the balls at the end of game.
Flags are furled
Supervises the departure of the teams from the field
GAME MECHANICS
REFEREE AND ARKeep players and team officials under observation at all times
Leave the field as a team, preferably with Site Administrator escorting you to your car or locker room
Confer as a team regarding reportable events occurring during the match, clarify and confirm the accuracy of all reportable facts (e.g., goals scored, identity of players shown cards, other unusual incidents, etc.), and assist in the timely preparation and submission of all necessary reports
Mehdi’s 2-cents:Try and referee with a smile.
• Enjoy yourself, the players & most importantly the game.
• Do not take yourself more seriously than the level of game you are calling.
Take your time and allow things to process in your mind or see if an advantage develops.
• Very rarely do you have to make an instantaneous signal, whistle or call.
Work as a team and utilize everybody on the crew.
• Do not try and call a game entirely on your own.
• Check in with your crew at every dead ball.
Expect to make mistakes and learn from those mistakes.
• Making a mistake, or blowing a call does not make you a bad Referee … repeating the same mistakes over and over does.
Thanks for your attention.
The End
2010 5-A Boys State Semi-Final MatchMike Cleavenger (4th), Pat Evoy (AR1), Steve Kurzer (R) and Mehdi Salari (AR2)