Central Nervous System and Ocular involvement in hATTR€¦ · Karam et al Clini Practice Neurol...
Transcript of Central Nervous System and Ocular involvement in hATTR€¦ · Karam et al Clini Practice Neurol...
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Central Nervous System and Ocular involvement in hATTR
Chafic Karam, MD
Associate Professor of Neurology, Director of the ALS and Neuromuscular Center and Director of the Neuromuscular Medicine
Fellowship program at the OHSU Brain Institute
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What organs are involved?
Karam et al Clini Practice Neurol 2019
What organs are involved?
Karam et al Clini Practice Neurol 2019
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Anatomy
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CNS vs PNS
open.oregonstate.education
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Blood brain barrier
• Small molecules, fat-soluble molecules,
and some gases to pass freely
• Larger molecules, such as glucose, can gain entry through transporter proteins
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Optic nerve is part of CNS
Vitreous body
BMB reports 48(4)
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https://open.oregonstate.education
Cochleovestibular nerve part of the PNS
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Transthyretin
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Transthyretin TTR
Local production Local production BMB reports 48(4)
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Molecules 18(11):13831-59 Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Jun 11;110(24):9992-7
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TTR toxicity
• Variant TTR (genetic mutation) causes dissociation of tetramer and release of monomers
• The monomers misfold (which itself is toxic)
• The monomers and oligomers aggregate and eventually form amyloid fibrils
PNAS March 2, 2004 101 (9) 2817-2822
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CNS involvement
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Mol Neurobiol (2018) 55: 2780.
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J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2004;75:1463-1466
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J Neurol (2015) 262: 228.
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CNS TTR symptoms
• Episodes of confusion, psychosis
• Fatigue
• Weakness
• Headache (severe migraine like- SAH)
• Transient or focal neurological events (FNE)
• Seizures
• Cognitive issues, dementia (superficial siderosis )
• Ataxia, unsteadiness (superficial siderosis)
• Hearing loss (superficial siderosis)
• Vision loss
• Stroke (cerebral amyloid angiopathy)
• Incontinence
• Hydrocephalus
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Potential CNS TTR complications
• Mutations reported: A18G, A36P, A25T, G53A, L12P, P64S, Ser44, L58A, T114C, T49P, T69H, V30G, V30M
• Rarely can occur without peripheral neuropathy (A18G)
• In general late manifestation of the disease >10 years (usually in slow progressive disease)
• Or in patients treated with liver transplant
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J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2015;86:159– 167.
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CNS compilations after Liver Transplant
• 87 patients with V30M who underwent liver transplant
• 31% had Focal neurological events (FNE) (stroke, migraine, seizure)
• FNEs occurred on average 14.6 years after disease onset
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2015;86:159– 167.
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J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2015;86:159– 167.
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Ocular Involvement
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vitreous opacities
(rare)
chronic open-angle glaucoma
(rare) LEADING CAUSE OF BLINDNESS
abnormal conjunctival vessels
(common)
keratoconjunctivitis sicca
(Common)
loss of corneal sensitivity and
neurotrophic corneal ulcers (rare)
anterior capsule opacity of the lens
(rare)
retinal vascular changes
pupillary light-near
dissociation
(Common)
optic neuropathy (from ischemia)
BioMed Research International, vol. 2015, Article ID 282405
BMB reports 48(4)
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Potential Ocular complications hATTR
• Certain patients more predisposed: Tir114Cis (100%) and Lys 54 mutations than in patients with variant Val30Met (24%)
• Rarely can be first presenting sign
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Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at
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Amyloid
The Journal of Protein Folding Disorders
ISSN: 1350-6129 (Print ) 1744-2818 (Online) Journal homepage: ht tps:/ /www.tandfonline.com/ loi/ iamy20
Ophthalmological manifestat ions in hereditaryt ransthyret in (ATTR V30M) carr iers: a review of 513cases
João Melo Beirão, Jorge Malheiro, Carolina Lemos, Idalina Beirão, PauloCosta & Paulo Torres
To cite this ar t icle: João Melo Beirão, Jorge Malheiro, Carolina Lemos, Idalina Beirão,
Paulo Costa & Paulo Torres (2015) Ophthalmological manifestations in hereditary
transthyretin (ATTR V30M) carriers: a review of 513 cases, Amyloid, 22:2, 117-122, DOI:
10.3109/13506129.2015.1015678
To link to this ar t icle: https:/ /doi.org/10.3109/13506129.2015.1015678
© 2015 The Author(s). Published by Taylor &Francis.
Published online: 22 Jun 2015.
Submit your article to this journal Article views: 724
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Citing articles: 21 View citing articles
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477 patients (343 had been liver transplanted)
• 80% had dry eyes
• 39% had amyloid deposition on the iris
• 33% amyloid deposition on the anterior capsule of the lens
• 28% scalloped iris
• 20% glaucoma
• 17% vitreous opacities
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Oftalmologia, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 177–183
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Vitreous opacities
• Complicates between 5 and 35% of hATTR patients
• Can manifest as floaters and visual loss
H J Zambarakji, D G Charteris BMJ 2004
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Hearing Involvement
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Potential Hearing Complication in hATTR
• Conductive hearing loss due to amyloid infiltration of the middle ear
• Sensorineural hearing loss due to cochlear and/or neural infiltration
• Can have both
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Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at
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Amyloid
The Journal of Protein Folding Disorders
ISSN: 1350-6129 (Pr int ) 1744-2818 (Online) Journal homepage: ht tps:/ /www.tandfonline.com/ loi/ iamy20
Associat ion between hearing loss and hereditaryATTR amyloidosis
Sophie Bart ier , Diane Bodez, Mounira Kharoubi, Aziz Guellich, FlorenceCanouï-Poit r ine, Véronique Chatelin, André Coste, Thibaud Damy & EmilieBéquignon
To cite this ar t icle: Sophie Bartier, Diane Bodez, Mounira Kharoubi, Aziz Guellich, Florence
Canouï-Poitrine, Véronique Chatelin, André Coste, Thibaud Damy & Emilie Béquignon
(2019): Association between hearing loss and hereditary ATTR amyloidosis, Amyloid, DOI:
10.1080/13506129.2019.1663814
To link to this art icle: https://doi.org/10.1080/13506129.2019.1663814
Published online: 10 Sep 2019.
Submit your article to this journal
Article views: 79
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View Crossmark data
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Investigations
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Investigations
• Brain MRI can show Leptomeningeal enhancement, stroke, bleeding or evidence of prior bleeding (hemosiderin deposits)
• CT scan in case brain MRI cannot be done
• EEG for seizures
• Audiometry can demonstrate hearing loss
• Eye examination
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Management
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Local treatment
• Dry eyes: Eye drops, topical cyclosporine
• Vitrectomy if floaters are severe
• Glaucoma: topical treatment, surgery (trabeculectomy with mitomycin C)
• Laser for retinal angiopathy
• Hearing loss: hearing aids
• Blood pressure control to reduce risk of stroke and bleeding
Biomed Res Int. 2015; 2015: 282405.
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Systemic Treatment
Unlikely to be helpful
• Liver transplant
• Systemic RNA knock down (unless ASO given in the ventricular system)
• ?Abs
Possibly helpful (penetrates the BBB)
• ? Tafamidis
• ? AG10
• ? Diflunisal
• ? Tolcapone
• ? Resveratrol
• ? Doxycycline
• ? TUDCA
Amyloid. 2010 Jun;17(2):43-9.
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Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at
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Amyloid
The Journal of Protein Folding Disorders
ISSN: 1350-6129 (Pr int ) 1744-2818 (Online) Journal homepage: ht tps:/ /www.tandfonline.com/ loi/ iamy20
Cerebrospinal f luid and vit reous body exposureto orally administered tafamidis in hereditaryATTRV30M (p.TTRV50M) amyloidosis pat ients
Cecilia Monteiro, Ana Mart ins da Silva, Natália Ferreira, Jaleh Mesgarzadeh,Marta Novais, Teresa Coelho & Jeffery W. Kelly
To cite this ar t icle: Cecilia Monteiro, Ana Martins da Silva, Natália Ferreira, Jaleh Mesgarzadeh,
Marta Novais, Teresa Coelho & Jeffery W. Kelly (2018) Cerebrospinal fluid and vitreous body
exposure to orally administered tafamidis in hereditary ATTRV30M (p.TTRV50M) amyloidosis
patients, Amyloid, 25:2, 120-128, DOI: 10.1080/13506129.2018.1479249
To link to this ar t icle: https://doi.org/10.1080/13506129.2018.1479249
View supplementary material Published online: 11 Jul 2018.
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Amyloid, 25:2, 120-128
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Summary
• CNS complications are rare
• Certain TTR mutations have a higher risk of CNS complications
• Patients with longer disease, or with liver transplant are at a higher risk of developing CNS complications
• Special investigation are necessary to detect whether CNS is involved
• Several of the stabilizers may penetrate CSF and affect course of CNS involvement in hATTR amyloidosis
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Thank you!