Central African Republic - Humanitarian challenges and action in 2008

Apr-08 Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR

CAR: Coming in from the cold?Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team

Central African Republic (CAR)


A. Needs are great


Desperately poor…

Mali Gambia

Source: World Bank (2002)

Nigeria CAR Niger Burkina Faso

73

Percent of population living on less than US$ 1 a day

70 6764

61 61 59

Zambia


One of the world’s 10 least developed countries

Human Development Index (HDI) for CAR at 0.384 in 2005: 20% below LDC average

Burkina Faso

Niger

Guinea Bissau

Mali

Sierra Leone

Central African Republic

Mozambique

Chad

Source: Human Development Report (2007)

Ethiopia

Congo, Dem. Republic of

0.370

0.374

0.380

0.336

0.384

0.388

0.406

0.411

0.3 0.464

LDC Average


A fragile state, left behind in a violent region

1990Source: HDR (2007)

1985 1995 2000 2005

Of the 10 bottom countries on the HDI, only CAR and DRC haven’t advanced since 1985

Human Development Index (HDI) Growth, Base = 100 (1985)

Burkina Faso, Niger, Guinea-Bissau,Mali, Mozambique, Chad, Ethiopia

CAR

DRC

100

+15%

+30%

+45%

-15%


Almost no income growth in more than 20 years

Source: IMF (2007)

1985 1990 2000 2005

GDP per capita (PPP) in 2006 US$ 1,198 versus US$ 2,686 in Africa as a whole

1995

100

+20%

GDP growth, Base = 100 (1985)

CAR

Africa

+40%

+60%

+80%

-20%


1985 2000Source: Human Development Report (2006)

1990 1995 2005 2010 2015

50

3125

75MDG

Current trend

62

67

Highly unlikely to reach goal of halving the share of people living on less than 1 dollar a day

Cost of reaching the MDGs: $ 5.3 billion


Reaching the MDGs


1990 1995 2005 2010 2015

1,200

800

400

Highly unlikely to reach goal of reducing maternal mortality rate by three quarters

1,600MDG

Current trend

683

949

1,355

171



1990 1995 2005 2010 2015

75

50

25

100MDG

Current trend

58

60

4955

Highly unlikely to reach goal of ensuring primary education for all children

Reaching the MDGs


Development aid per head the lowest in the region

Only 23.5 US$ per head in 2005

Equat. Guinea

Sudan

Chad

Gabon

Congo

Congo, Dem. Republic of

Cameroon

Central African Republic

39.6

36.7

29.1

24.1

160

70.7

44.7

23.5

Source: OECD (2007), Development Assistance Disbursements, All donors


Not only lowest; its external assistance fell

Source: OECD (2007), Development Assistance Disbursements, All donors

1985 1990 2000 2005

Development aid to Sub-Saharan Africa rose by 54% since 1985, but fell by 60% in CAR

1995

100

-20%

CAR

Sub-Saharan Africa

+40%

+60%

-80%

ODA Growth, Base = 100 (1985)

-60%

-40%

+20%


Landlocked in the fragile centre of Africa

CAR

Rebellion or internal conflictSource: Hamburg University

ChadSudan

Cameroon

DRCCongo

Darfur

Gabon Uganda

Nigeria


North-west and north-east still very fragile

UFDRUnion des Forces Démocratiques pour le Rassemblement in the north-east

APRD Armée Populaire pour la Restauration de la République et la Démocratie in the north-west

FACAForces Armées Centrafricaines

GPGarde Présidentielle

ZaraguinasIn the north-west

PoachersIn the north-east

Coupeurs de routeThroughout the country

PoachersIn the south-west

FDPCFront démocratique pour le peuple centrafricain in the north-west


Refugee camp

Border

Prefecture

Town / settlement

Road

Rebel-controlled zone

Refugees

Banditry

Rebel activity

Destroyed or

damaged village

Moundou

NdimBatangafo

Sibut

Bouar

Bozoum

Bouca

Kabo

Moissala

Ngaoundaye Markounda

Gore

UN

UNBossangoa

UN

0 100 km Area comparative: Bangladesh

Ndim

Nana-BakassaBocaranga

North-west: civilians struck by all sides

Kaga-Bandoro

Paoua

CHAD

OUHAM-PENDE

OUHAM

NANA-GREBIZI


North-west: infested with rebels and roaming bandits


North-west: Near Markounda in January 2008


North-west: IDP move from place to place


North-east: firmly in control of UFDR


North-east: Darfur refugees with no intention to return


North-east: CAR a pull factor?

Sudan / Chad / CAR triangle of internal displacement and refugee flows

Refugee camp

Border

Prefecture

Town

Road

Main IDP/Refugee area

Rebel-controlled zone

Refugees

Am-DafockBirao

Gordil

Ndélé

Ouadda

Ouanda-Djallé

CHAD

SUDAN

HAUTE-KOTTO

VAKAGA

Daffaq

Nyala

Al FashirKabjabiyah

Al Junayah

WestDarfur

SouthDarfur

Sam Ouandja

0 150 300 km

SUDANCHAD

DRC

Oct-07 Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR

In sum, 300,000 forced to flee from their homes

Bangui

Vakaga

Haute-Kotto

Bamingui-Bangoran

CHADSUDAN

DARFUR

DRCCONGO

CAMEROON

Nana-Mambéré

Nana-Grébizi

11 %

17 %

18 %

50

22 %

288

20

176

%24

10 %

25

4550

2.6

IDPsin thousands

Ouham-Pendé

3

% o

f pop

.

Source: HDPT CAR (October 2007)* Estimated 25,000 pastoralists have been displaced from their territory. Not shown here.

Refugeesin thousands

35 %

Ouham


One of the world’s poorest health systems

Health quick facts

• 76% of population live more than 10 km from nearest health centre

• Life expectancy fell from 49 years in 1988 to 43 years in 2003

• Prevalence of contraceptives only 6.9%

• 56% of births (~50,000) not assisted

• Maternal mortality at 1,355 per 100,000

• Infant-mortality rate at 132 per 1,000

• Malaria leading cause of morbidity (40%) and mortality (14%)

HEALTH

HIV/AIDS prevalence by prefecture in %

Nana-GribiziBanguiHaute-KottoOmbella-M’PokoMambéré-Kadéï

TotalHaut-MbomouBamingui-Bangoran

Top 7 regions by total MenWomen

13.6

10.7

4.12.6

3.1

7.2

6.9 6.37.8

3.6

3.1 3.2

7.4

4.2

7.3

6.44.53.2

6.04.95.1

13.8

7.47.37.2

10.78.47.8

13.6

8.39.8

10.6

15.111.410.3

13.5

Source: Govt. Briefing Paper on Health (www.car-conference.net), UNFPA (2007)

8.4


Malaria, HIV/AIDS, malnutrition, diarrhea

HEALTH


Health system devastated in the north

HEALTH


Millions without access to safe drinking water

Water and sanitation quick facts % of pop. using adequate sanit. facilities in Africa

• Most water pumps destroyed or in disrepair

• Access to safe drinking water estimated at 31.5% for population in urban areas, 26.0% in rural areas

• About 75% of population without access to adequate sanitation facilities

• Open-air defecation common

• No waste management system

WATER

Source: Govt. Briefing Paper on Water (www.car-conference.net)

15

5

25

30

20

10

CAR

35

Chad B. Faso Benin Congo Niger Eritrea Ethio. Rwan.Source: NationMaster.com (UNICEF, latest available)

29 29

2523

21 20

13 12

8


Drinking water a health hazard

WATER


Farmer incomes from export crops vanished

30

10

50

60

40

20

Source: Central African Central Bank (BEAC, www.beac.int)

1996 1998 2000 2002 2004

Cotton

Coffee70

Cotton production down by 90%, coffee down by 80% since peaks in the late 1990s

6

2

10

12

8

4

14

Coffee

Cotton

FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURE


Agricultural sector in disarray



Seeds and tools needed now

Food security and agriculture quick facts

• Global acute malnutrition for children under 5 years at 10%

• Global moderate malnutrition rate 20 percent higher than in 1995

• 15 million ha arable land but only 600,000 ha cultivated

• 94% of farming is subsistence farming

• Average farmer cultivates < 0.5 ha

• Agricultural production in the north came to a virtual halt, no seeds, no tools

• Agricultural output in the last 30 years: +2% p.a., population growth: +2.3% p.a.

Children suffer: severely retarded growth

Source: Govt. Briefing Paper on Rural Development (www.car-conference.net), MICS Source: MICS-3, WHO (2007)

Months 9 18 30 42

30%

15%

10%

54

20%

25%

5%



One of the world’s weakest educational systems

Education quick facts Pupils per teacher in Sub-Saharan Africa

• Only 1.45% of GDP spent on education, almost 50% below African average

• Educational system in the north has vanished

• Primary enrolment rates have not improved in 15 years

• Pupil to teacher ratio 92:1 in primary education

• Almost 50% of teachers are parents

• Only 32% of pupils completed basic primary education in 2005

• Adult literacy rate 51% for men, 32% for women

EDUCATION

92

7266 63 62

CAR Congo Ethiopia Mozam. Chad Rwanda

83

80

60

40

20

Source: Govt. Briefing Paper on Education (www.car-conference.net) Source: UNESCO (2005), Pupil-teacher ratio in primary education (X:1)

100


Schools and books destroyed; teachers vanished

EDUCATION


Air service remains key tool in logistics struggle

LOGISTICS


As operation grows, logistics challenges increase

Very Poor

Good

DifficultDRC

Birao: 1,073 km

Bangui

Bouar: 447 km

Bambari: 374 km

Bria: 579 km

Sibut: 179 km

CHADSUDAN

Kaga-Bandoro: 330 km

Ndélé: 718 km

Logistics quick facts Road accessibility and distances from Bangui

Bossangoa: 300 km

UN Depot

• Landlocked country, only 700 km of roads with good accessibility

• Rainy season left all roads in complete disrepair

• Only 7 fuel stations in the field

• UNHAS vital:1,700 passengers in 2007; 77% of cargo for NGOs

• Airstrips need to be rehabilitated

• Lowest ranking country for ease of ‘trading across borders’

Minor road

Sam Ouandja: 910 km

Source: Govt. Briefing Paper on Transport, World Bank (2007), UNHAS

LOGISTICS


B. The stakes are high & we need to engage on all fronts


Three ‘make or break’ issues to enhance stability in 2008

Failure of government and donors to deliver on expectations will lead to deeper crisis

Inclusive PoliticalDialogue

SecuritySectorReform

Poverty Reduction Strategy &

HumanitarianAction


Align with top grey line and bottom black bar

Inclusive Political Dialogue: peace or renewed conflict


Inclusive Political Dialogue

• Landmark attempt to include all political actors in dialogue

• Crucial opportunity to incorporate militant groups and former power brokers in reconciliation

• Could resolve grievances aggravating humanitarian situation in the north

• Powerful example of constructive conflict management to the population and political groups

Slide 37Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CARApr-08

Political dialogue and moving forward Need for action

• Failure would discredit peaceful conflict resolution

• Failure could lead to renewed violence, particularly in the North

• Lack of donor support could be interpreted as non-commitment to genuine democratization


Align with top grey line and bottom black bar

Security Sector Reform: the key for future stability


Security sector reform (SSR)

• Attempt to mould security forces into professional organizations underdemocratic control

• Government is cooperative, working with many partners, facilitated by UNDP

• Impunity of armed forces has been a powerful factor for internal displacement


SSR as a gateway to stability Need for action

• Failure would signal to armed forces to continue to act with impunity against militants and perceived supporters

• Failure could discredit and isolate the government from international support

• Lack of donor support interpreted as non-commitment to national attempt to find sustainable solutions


MINURCAT

• UN Mission, Security Council authorized

• One-year mandate

• 300 police, 50 military liaison officers

• Training of police forces and support to govt. in dealing with regional crisis

EU/UN Peacekeeping Force overview

1,350 (40%)

EUFOR composition: 3,500 troops in total

EUFOR Chad/CAR

• EU peacekeeping force, UN authorized, approved by Council of European Union

• One-year mandate, starting Feb 2008

• 3.500 troops under Irish command

• Taking all necessary measures to protect civilians, facilitate delivery of humanitarian aid, and ensure UN personnel’s safety

France

Ireland

Sweden

Finland

Spain

Romania

Belgium

Austria

Poland

450

<400

200

160

120

80-100

>50

40

Source: News sources as of 17 Jan 2008


Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP)

• Landmark document published in 2007 after wide public engagement

• Recognizes need to address humanitarian crisis as part of a sustainable development strategy

• Reserves central place for security sector reform and political dialogue

• Has raised significant expectationsamong the population


PRSP and the humanitarian crisis Need for action

• No new donor commitments to PRSP projects, including those that would impact humanitarian situation

• Donor failure to follow through would be a severe blow to public expectations

• Lack of action on the PRSP could contribute to popular disillusionmentand renewed tensions


Poverty Reduction Strategy: development or disillusionment


Coordinated Aid Programme (CAP) for 2008

COORDINATED AID PROGRAMME



Overview of the entire CAP 2008

Agriculture 8,821,742

Coordination and Emergency Response Fund 11,634,038

Economic Recovery 2,404,950

Education 4,315,419

Food Security 25,588,517

Health 23,213,298

Multisector 2,926,799

Protection and Human Rights 6,371,236

Security 301,400

Shelter and Non-Food Items 1,669,200

Water and Sanitation 5,388,460

Total 92,635,059

Summary of requirements by sector in $


Humanitarian partners have prioritized their projects

Requirements for immediate and high-priority projects at $ 32 million

Protection

Logistics (UNHAS)

Food Security / Agriculture

Water and Sanitation

Coordination (ERF)

Health

Education

Multisector

10.79

2.71

0.79

4.91

5.57

0.96

3.79

Source: Coordinated Aid Programme (2008)

2.37

Immediate priority

High priority



Key humanitarian challenges for 2008

1. Enhance protection in the north

2. Provide adequate and timely life-saving assistance

3. Prepare recovery and ensure coherence

• Capitalize on improved field presence

• Build more effective teams

• Improve impact of aid

• Reinforce monitoring and evaluation

Deliver on three strategic priorities Further improve our work



Implementing humanitarian reform to improve response

Coordinated Aid Programme based on 4 key pillars

Reform

1

2

3

4

Simplifying financing

Working in clusters

Strengtheningthe HC

Improving info management



Emergency Response Fund

ERF received $ 5.7 mn in 2007: 67 percent of funds allocated to NGOs

Food Security

Multisector

Telecom / Logistics

Coordination

Health

Protection

Education


Source: Coordinated Aid Programme (2008)

Non-Food Items


1.09

0.79

0.55

0.54

1.17

0.29

0.15

0.64

0.10

0.10



Bangui

CHADSUDAN

Darfur

DRCCONGO

CAMEROON

Source: UN OCHA

New UN offices

UN office opened or reinforced in last 12 months

New and reinforced UN field offices have greatly improved humanitarian access



IPHD

IPHD

Paoua

Bangui

Kaga-Bandoro

BambariBangassou

Birao

Ndélé

SibutBouar

Sam Ouandja

Bossangoa

Some 30 organisations in the field; working in clusters

Bozoum

Bocaranga

500 kmSource: HDPT CAR



Key aid management tools in 2008

Three tools to manage projects, statistics and reports efficiently and transparently

Intranet

Sharing reports and qualitative

info online(hcpt.jot.com)

Nationalstatistics datab.Organizing needs

and response statistics online

Aid mgmt. system

Tracking projects and funding online

PortalPublic information(www.hdptcar.net)

MapsGoogle Earth

and print



Useful websites

• www.hdptcar.net– HDPT CAR Blog on the humanitarian and development situation

• www.hcpt.jot.com– HDPT CAR Intranet for Humanitarian and Development Partners

• www.cf.undp.org– UNDP Central African Republic

• www.car-conference.net– CAR Development Partner Consultation

• www.car-round-table.net– CAR Development Partner Round Table

• www.minplan-rca.org– CAR Ministry of Economics, Plan and International Cooperation

WEBSITES


Contact us

• Mr Toby Lanzer– Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator | UNDP Representative– Phone +236 75 56 10 26 | +41 79 796-4318 | Email [email protected] | Skype toby.lanzer

• Ms Amanda Weyler– Special Assistant to the Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator– Phone +236 75 56 27 44 | Email [email protected] | Skype amanda.weyler

• Mr Jean-Sebastien Munie– Head of OCHA– Phone +236 75 55 41 41 | Email [email protected] | Skype jean-se.munie

• Mr Kersten Jauer– UN Information Manager– Phone +236 75 57 50 34 | Email [email protected] | Skype kjauer

CONTACT

Central African Republic - Humanitarian challenges and action in 2008

Economy & Finance

Transcript of Central African Republic - Humanitarian challenges and action in 2008