Cellular respiration powerpoint unit 5 continued (revised2006)
Transcript of Cellular respiration powerpoint unit 5 continued (revised2006)
PROPERTIES OF LIFEPROPERTIES OF LIFEWE HAVE ALREADY DISCUSSEDWE HAVE ALREADY DISCUSSED
CELLS REPRODUCTIONMETABOLISM-
USE OF ENERGY
HEREDITY RESPONSIVENESSGROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
INTERNAL BALANCE
NOW WE CONTINUE TO NOW WE CONTINUE TO FOCUS ONFOCUS ON
METABOLISM-
USE OF ENERGY
Who remembers Who remembers the formula the formula
for for PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis
? ?
Write down the formula on Write down the formula on your study guide using your study guide using words, symbols or both.words, symbols or both.
The Relationship Between The Relationship Between Photosynthesis and Cell Photosynthesis and Cell
RespirationRespiration
Fill out as much as you know with your table Fill out as much as you know with your table partner!partner!
Do it NOW!Do it NOW!
Word Bank: Word Bank:
Autotrophs/HeterotrophsAutotrophs/Heterotrophs ATPATPCytoplasm/MitochondriaCytoplasm/Mitochondria COCO22 & H & H22OOChloroplasts in PlantsChloroplasts in Plants Cells FunctioningCells FunctioningThe Sun’s EnergyThe Sun’s Energy GlucoseGlucoseAutotrophsAutotrophs
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
IN
TO COMBINE
TO MAKE
Which is used for
USES
PROCESS DONE BY
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
RELEASES
PROCESS DONE BY
IN
THAT IS USED FOR
PRODUCES
RELATIONSHIP BEWTEEN PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND CELL RESPIRATION
AUTOTROPHS
CHLOROPLASTS IN PLANTS
THE SUN”S ENERGY
CO2 and H2O
GLUCSOSE
AUTOTROPHS & HETEROTROPHS
Cytoplasm/
mitochondria
ATP
CELLS
FUNCTIONING
Now that we have the food…Now that we have the food…
Photosynthesis makes food right? What is that food?
GLUCOSEGLUCOSE
But once the glucose is made, it needs to be But once the glucose is made, it needs to be transferred into a more useful form. It needs to go transferred into a more useful form. It needs to go from food energy to cellular energy. We call this from food energy to cellular energy. We call this energy ATP and the process defined as:energy ATP and the process defined as:
When an organism breaks glucose and transfers glucose energy into cell energy (ATP).
Is called CELLULAR RESPIRATIONIs called CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration FormulaFormula
The formula for cellular respiration is…The formula for cellular respiration is…
Glucose + OGlucose + O22 CO CO22 + Water + + Water + ATPATP
Hmmmm… that looks familiar, doesn’t it? Well Hmmmm… that looks familiar, doesn’t it? Well it should… WHY?????it should… WHY?????BECAUSE IT IS THE OPPOSITE OF PHOTOSYNTHESISBECAUSE IT IS THE OPPOSITE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration What does cellular respiration produce?What does cellular respiration produce?
ATPATP
What is ATP?What is ATP?
A Molecule that transfers A Molecule that transfers ENERGY!!! ENERGY!!!
What organisms perform cellular respiration?What organisms perform cellular respiration?
Cells. Duh. Cells. Duh.
Seriously though, all cells use respiration- plants, Seriously though, all cells use respiration- plants, animals, fish, bugs, fungi etc.animals, fish, bugs, fungi etc.
TABLE PARTNER THINKING: TABLE PARTNER THINKING: “Cellular Respiration & “Cellular Respiration &
Photosynthesis”Photosynthesis”
Write in the space provided Write in the space provided similarities and differencessimilarities and differences of of cellular respiration and cellular respiration and photosynthesis. How do you think photosynthesis. How do you think they relate?!?!they relate?!?!
Also: Think about what Also: Think about what you think cells use ATP for.you think cells use ATP for.
PHOTOSYNTHESISPHOTOSYNTHESISCELLULAR CELLULAR
RESPIRATIONRESPIRATION
BOTHBOTH
ATP can be used to power such cellular reactions as active transport and protein formation.
2 Stages of Cell 2 Stages of Cell Respiration:Respiration:
Step 1:Step 1: Glycolysis- produces 2 ATP Glycolysis- produces 2 ATP
Step 2:Step 2: Aerobic (with oxygen)- 36 Aerobic (with oxygen)- 36 ATPATP
OROR
Anaerobic (without oxygen)-No Anaerobic (without oxygen)-No additional ATP madeadditional ATP made
Cell Respiration: Step 1- Cell Respiration: Step 1- GlycolysisGlycolysis
GlucoseGlucose (produced by ________) is a 6- (produced by ________) is a 6-Carbon molecule.Carbon molecule.
GlycolysisGlycolysis (occurs in the cytoplasm), using ATP to (occurs in the cytoplasm), using ATP to change Glucose into two 3-Carbon molecules called change Glucose into two 3-Carbon molecules called pyruvatepyruvate, when the pyruvate is formed , when the pyruvate is formed this also this also produces 2 ATP!produces 2 ATP!
and… 2 ATP molecules!and… 2 ATP molecules!
21 3 4 5 61 Glucose Molecule
1 2 3 1 2 32 Pyruvate Molecules
photosynthesiphotosynthesiss
ATP ATP
++
= Carbon = Carbon AtomAtom
MINI REVIEWMINI REVIEWGlycolysis (Step 1)Glycolysis (Step 1)
Where does glycolysis occur?Where does glycolysis occur?
CytoplasmCytoplasm
Glycolysis converts ________ to Glycolysis converts ________ to _______._______.
Glucose to PyruvateGlucose to Pyruvate
How many Carbons does Glucose How many Carbons does Glucose have? Pyruvate? have? Pyruvate?
6 for Glucose; 3 for Pyruvate6 for Glucose; 3 for Pyruvate
Step 2 of Cell Respiration: Step 2 of Cell Respiration: 2 Options2 Options
Two options for using the pyruvate Two options for using the pyruvate (sometimes called pyruvic acid)(sometimes called pyruvic acid)
made in glycolysismade in glycolysis
Option 1: Option 1: Without Without oxygen oxygen
Option 2: Option 2: With With OxygenOxygen
Step 2 of Cell Respiration: Step 2 of Cell Respiration:
Option 1: Anaerobic respiration Option 1: Anaerobic respiration (without oxygen- “anti aerobic”)(without oxygen- “anti aerobic”)
IN THE CELLS CYTOPLASMIN THE CELLS CYTOPLASM
Anaerobic is also called Anaerobic is also called FermentationFermentation occurs when there is occurs when there is NO OXYGENNO OXYGEN
No more ATP is formed. No more ATP is formed.
ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION AKA FERMENTATIONAKA FERMENTATION
WHEN IT OCCURS IN WHEN IT OCCURS IN PLANTSPLANTS
ALCOHOLALCOHOLis produced from the pyruvateis produced from the pyruvate..
This is what brewers This is what brewers use for beers! Have use for beers! Have you heard of Beer you heard of Beer
fermentation?fermentation?
WHEN IT OCCURS IN WHEN IT OCCURS IN ANIMALSANIMALS
LACTIC ACIDLACTIC ACIDis produced from the pyruvateis produced from the pyruvate. .
Many athletes know Many athletes know about this substance about this substance and its side effects- and its side effects-
cramps/sorenesscramps/soreness
Clothespin…Clothespin…
Squeeze your clothespin for one minute Squeeze your clothespin for one minute solid… on you mark… get set…. GO!!!solid… on you mark… get set…. GO!!!
Why are your fingers tired? What do Why are your fingers tired? What do you think that has to do you think that has to do
with lactic acid? What with lactic acid? What
does it have to do with does it have to do with
cellular respiration?cellular respiration?
Step 2 of Cell Respiration: Step 2 of Cell Respiration:
Option 2: Aerobic Respiration (with Option 2: Aerobic Respiration (with oxygen)oxygen)
A whopping A whopping 36 ATP36 ATP molecules are formed molecules are formed with this method! with this method!
Takes place in the Takes place in the mitochondriamitochondria, with a , with a complex series of complex series of
chemical reactions chemical reactions
called the called the Krebs CycleKrebs Cycle..
Aerobic Cellular Aerobic Cellular respiration Produces the respiration Produces the
Most Energy!Most Energy!
Remember Aerobic Remember Aerobic means with means with oxygen. For oxygen. For
example:example: AAerobic erobic exercise is exercise exercise is exercise that requires that requires sustained amounts sustained amounts of Oxygen for long of Oxygen for long periods of time.periods of time.
Gosh, I look good.
Were you tired? Your cells Were you tired? Your cells might bemight be
To gain some appreciation for the amount of cellular energy needed to perform life functions consider the following:
–Each cell in the human body used between 1 to 2 million ATP molecules each minute.
–Now multiple that by the fact that you have 100-150 trillion cells in your body.That ends up being one heck of a lot of ATP!
In review…In review…
2 Stages of Cell 2 Stages of Cell Respiration:Respiration:
Step 1:Step 1: Glycolysis- 6 Glucose split and Glycolysis- 6 Glucose split and converted to Pyruvate… producing a small converted to Pyruvate… producing a small amount of ATP (2 molecules).amount of ATP (2 molecules).
Step 2:Step 2: Aerobic (with oxygen)-Aerobic (with oxygen)- pyruvate pyruvate is used to make large amounts of ATP (36 is used to make large amounts of ATP (36 molecules) molecules) in the mitochondriain the mitochondria..Anaerobic (without oxygen)-Anaerobic (without oxygen)- pyruvate pyruvate converted into either lactic acid or ethanol converted into either lactic acid or ethanol in the cytoplasmin the cytoplasm, no more ATP. , no more ATP.
The Basics of Cell The Basics of Cell RespirationRespiration
Step 1:Step 1:
(This step is glycolysis!)(This step is glycolysis!)
Step 2: Step 2: (Anaerobic-(Anaerobic- (Aerobic- with (Aerobic- with oxygen)oxygen)
no oxygen)no oxygen)
GlucoseIn cytoplasm
Pyruvate
2 ATP
Ethanol & CO2 or Lactic Acid
Mitochondria
36 ATPIn CytoplasmIn Cytoplasm
Just so you know…Just so you know…
LAB TIMELAB TIME
How might cells and cellular How might cells and cellular respiration be affected by a respiration be affected by a
temperature change?temperature change?
What happens when you workout? What happens when you workout? Sweat, breath heavier, heart rate goes Sweat, breath heavier, heart rate goes up, etc.up, etc.
Why? Why? Because your muscle cells are working Because your muscle cells are working harder! They are respiring just like harder! They are respiring just like you!you!
LAB TIMELAB TIME
Let’s test this out on other Let’s test this out on other cellscellsDoes anyone remember how we measured the rate Does anyone remember how we measured the rate
of photosynthesis in our last experiment?of photosynthesis in our last experiment?
So, who has an idea of how we can measure the So, who has an idea of how we can measure the rate of cellular respiration?rate of cellular respiration?
We counted the number of oxygen bubblesWe counted the number of oxygen bubbles
LAB REVEALEDLAB REVEALEDHopefully you figured out that…Hopefully you figured out that…
As temperature increases…As temperature increases…
cellular respiration increases!cellular respiration increases!
A formula called the Q10 coefficient says:
For every 10 degree increase in temperature, the rate of respiration doubles!
Before we end…Before we end…
Is there anything you want to add to your Venn Is there anything you want to add to your Venn Diagram?Diagram?
The Basics of Cell The Basics of Cell RespirationRespiration
Step 1:Step 1:(Glycolysis)(Glycolysis)
Step 2:Step 2: (Anaerobic-(Anaerobic- (Aerobic- (Aerobic-
no oxygen)no oxygen)with oxygen)with oxygen)
_ ATP
__ ATP
Cellular Respiration Glycolysis
Makes
For
First step is
Occurs in
Produces
Anaerobic Aerobic
Produces Occurs in
(In plants)aka:
(In animals)
Produces
THE ENDTHE END