CELLULAR RESPIRATION

CHAPTER 9

9-1: Chemical PathwaysOk so what do we need from the food we eat?

Why glucose?Glucose stores a lot of energy.

How is energy measured in food?

What is a calorie?1 CALORIE = amount of energy needed to

raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree C.

Chemical energy and FoodWhat is a calorie?

1 CALORIE = amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree C.

What is Glycolysis?Glycolysis - a series of enzyme catalyzed

chemical reactions that change glucose into different molecules

What does Glycolysis mean?“sugar breaking”

Glyco = Sugar Lysis = Breaking down

Releasing Energy in FoodWhere does Glycolysis occur within the cell?Cytoplasm

What do cells require to perform glycolysis?ENERGY!

◦ What is the name for a process not requiring oxygen?◦ Glycolysis is an Anaerobic process

What does this tell you about the process?How do cells produce the large amounts of

energy we require for our everyday functions?

How do cells produce energy?GLYCOLYSIS +KREBS CYCLE +ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN =

CELLULAR RESPIRATION

What do we need?

Let’s Review….. What is ATP?

GLYCOLYSIS SUMMARYone molecule of glucose broken in half produces

two molecules of pyruvic acid (PA)◦ How many Carbons are in Glucose?◦ How many Carbons are in one pyruvic acid?

Spends 2 ATP Makes a TOTAL of 4 ATP GAIN of 2 ATP

Why does the cell spend energy to begin glycolysis?

To split the Glucose molecule.

Glycolysis and NADH ProductionNAD+ is the electron carrier.

◦Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide

What is the role of NAD+?◦It’s an electron carrier!

HEe- are removed and passed to NAD+2 NAD+ 2 NADH4 ATP made2 PA producedHow much energy is being made?

Glycolysis Animation

http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/chapter25/animation__how_glycolysis_works.html

Take the QUIZ on a half a sheet of paper.

Give the other half sheet of paper to your neighbor.

Name and Date

Energy and Pyruvic AcidWhat is the role of NAD+ in the cell?Delivers HEe- to other processes to make ATP

NAD+ is required to continue Glycolysis.Limited in the cellQuickly fill up with HEe-

How does the cell continue making energy if oxygen is unavailable?

FERMENTATIONFERMENTATION releases energy from food

molecules in an anaerobic environment.What does anaerobic mean?

Function of Fermentation?Converts NADH back to NAD+How does it do this?Passes electrons back to Pyruvic Acid

TWO TYPESAlcoholic and Lactic Acid

Two Brains are Better than One

Work with a partner.

Compare and contrast the alcoholic fermentation with lactic acid fermentation.

How are they similar and different?

FERMENTATION

ALCOHOLIC LACTIC ACIDYeast and

microorganisms

PA + NADH Ethyl Alcohol + CO2 + NAD+

Why does bread dough rise?

Performed in most other cells

PA + NADH Lactic Acid + NAD+

Why do your muscles burn when engaging in strenuous activity?