Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis

The Basics…

2009-2010

Cellular RespirationHarvesting Chemical Energy

ATP

Energy needs of life Animals are energy consumers Aka Heterotrophs

What do we need energy for? synthesis (building for growth) reproduction active transport movement temperature control (making heat)

2009-2010

ATP

What is energy in biology?

Whoa! HOT stuff!

Adenosine TriPhosphate

Harvesting energy stored in food Cellular respiration

breaking down food to produce ATP in mitochondria using oxygen

“aerobic” respiration

usually digesting glucose but could be other sugars,

fats, or proteins

C6H12O6 6O2 ATP 6CO2 6H2O+ + +

glucose + oxygen energy + carbon + water dioxide

O2

food ATP

Cellular Respiration

glycolysis Krebs Cycle

Electron transport

chain

H2O

O2

What goes in…(reactants) O2 (oxygen)

Food (glucose)

What comes out…(products)

CO2

H2O

and ATP!!!

Mitochondria are everywhere!!

animal cellsanimal cells plant cellsplant cells

Can’t store ATP too unstable only used in cell

that produces it only short term

energy storage carbohydrates & fats

are long term energy storage

Using ATP to do work?

A working muscle recycles over 10 million ATPs per second

ATP

ADP

work

Whoa! Pass me the

glucose & oxygen!

Adenosine DiPhosphate

Adenosine TriPhosphate

What if oxygen is missing? No oxygen available = can’t complete

aerobic respiration Anaerobic respiration

also known as fermentation alcohol fermentation lactic acid fermentation

no oxygen or no mitochondria (bacteria)

can only make very little ATP large animals cannot survive

O2

yeast

bacteria

Anaerobic Respiration Fermentation

alcohol fermentation yeast

glucose ATP + CO2+ alcohol

make beer, wine, bread

lactic acid fermentation bacteria, animals

glucose ATP + lactic acid bacteria make yogurt animals feel muscle fatigue

O2

Photosynthesis:Life from Light and Air

Plants are energy producers Like animals, plants need energy to live

unlike animals, plants don’t need to eat food to make that energy

Plants make both FOOD & ENERGY animals are consumers (heterotroph) plants are producers(autotroph)

H2O

Building plants from sunlight & air Photosynthesis

2 separate processes ENERGY building reactions

collect sun energy use it to make ATP and

NADPH SUGAR building reactions

take the ATP and NADPH use all to build sugars

ATP

sun

sugars

+

carbon dioxideCO2

sugarsC6H12O6

CO2

waterH2O

+

What do plants need to grow? Where does it happen?

chloroplast

Fuels (reactants) sunlight carbon dioxide water

The Helpers Enzymes

Products Glucose and O2

H2O

sugars

ATP

enzymes

CO2

sun

O2

Chloroplasts are only in plants

animal cellsanimal cells plant cellsplant cells

Photosynthesis

Chloroplasts

Chloroplastsin cell

Leaf

Leaves

Chloroplast

absorbsunlight & CO2

makeENERGY & SUGAR

Chloroplastscontain

Chlorophyll

CO2

Chloroplast

sun

Chloroplasts double membrane stroma

fluid-filled interior thylakoid sacs grana stacks

Thylakoid membrane contains chlorophyll molecules

Increased surface area!

Plant structure

outer membrane inner membrane

thylakoidgranum

stroma

Pigments of photosynthesis

Chlorophylls & other pigments embedded in thylakoid membrane arranged in a “photosystem”

collection of molecules

A Look at Light The spectrum of color

ROYGBIV

Light: absorption spectra Photosynthesis gets energy by absorbing

wavelengths of light chlorophyll a

absorbs best in red & blue wavelengths & least in green accessory pigments with different structures

absorb light of different wavelengths chlorophyll b, carotenoids, xanthophylls

Why areplants green?

How are they connected?

glucose + oxygen carbon + water + energydioxide

C6H12O6 6O2 6CO2 6H2O ATP+ + +

Respiration

Photosynthesis

6CO2 6H2O C6H12O6 6O2light

energy + ++

glucose + oxygencarbondioxide

sunenergy+ water +

H2O

Energy cycle

Photosynthesis

Cellular Respiration

sun

The Great Circleof Life!Mufasa?

glucosesugars

O2CO2

plants

animals, plants

ATP

H2O

Another view…

Photosynthesis

Cellular Respiration

sun

organicmolecules

food

O2CO2

producers, autotrophs

consumers, heterotrophs

synthesis

capturelight energy

digestion

releasechemical energy ATP

wastewastewaste