Cellular Respiration and Metabolism
Transcript of Cellular Respiration and Metabolism
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Cellular Respiration
and Metabolism
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What is Photosynthesis?
The process of using sunlight to
convert CO2 and water into
glucose and oxygen
CO2 + H2O C6H12O6 + O2
Reaction takes place in
the chloroplast
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Early Experiments with Photosynthesis
• Van Helmont (1643) - plant growth does not come from soil
• Joseph Priestley (1771) - plants produce oxygen
• Jan Ingenhousz (1779) - plants need light to produce oxygen
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Granum
Interior of Chloroplast
Thylakoid(contain chlorophyll)
Stroma -fluidwith enzymes
Granum
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Converting Solar Energy
• Plants trap the sun’s energy using a green pigment called chlorophyll
• Chlorophyll is inside the chloroplast in the thylakoid membrane
• Solar energy is used to transform CO2 into sugars
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Why are leaves green?
Only green light is
reflected
All other colors are absorbed
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Chlorophyll Absorption
http://www.cbu.edu/~seisen/ChlorophyllAbsorption.jpg
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Factors that Affect
Photosynthesis• Water availability
• Light intensity (varies from species to species)
• Temperature (extremes slow down photosynthesis - below 0oC and above 35oC)
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Photosynthesis is divided into two processes:
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Overview of Light Dependent Reactions
• Take place in thylakoidmembranes
• Require light to occur
• Produce oxygen gas
• Produce ATP and NADPH
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Photosystems I and II
Clusters of light absorbing chlorophylls, other pigments and
proteins found in thylakoid membrane.
Each photosystem is connected to each other by an electron transport
chain that produces ATP
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Overview of Light-Dependent Reactions
1. Light strikes Photosystem II. Energy from light excites e-
2. e- are passed through ETC to Photosystem I. Their energy is used to produce ATP (goes to the Calvin cycle)
3. Photosystem I captures light energy to re-energize e-
4. High energy e- are picked up by NADP+ to form e- carrier NADPH (goes to the Calvin cycle)
Overall schematic view of light-dependent reactions
1
4
3
2
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The Calvin Cyclehappens in the stroma
Uses energy stored in ATP and
NADPH to produce glucose from
CO2.
* Six CO2 molecules from the
atmosphere are needed to
produce one glucose molecule
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Summary of the Reactions of
Photosynthesis
thylakoid
stroma