Cells. Cells and their History All living things are made of cells Cells are microscopic.
Cells. What are cells? Cells are the basic structure of all living things.
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Transcript of Cells. What are cells? Cells are the basic structure of all living things.
CellsCells
What are cells?What are cells?
Cells are the basic Cells are the basic structure of all structure of all living things.living things.
Cells are made of molecules like Cells are made of molecules like everything else in the world; everything else in the world; however, an object can have however, an object can have molecules but no cells. The molecules but no cells. The
combination of specific molecules combination of specific molecules makes cells. Therefore, cells are makes cells. Therefore, cells are the basic unit in all living things.the basic unit in all living things.
The organization of the bodyThe organization of the bodyCellsCells
▼▼TissueTissue
▼▼OrgansOrgans
▼▼ Organ SystemsOrgan Systems
▼▼OrganismOrganism
The facts about cells…The facts about cells… Cells are microscopicCells are microscopic Cells were discovered by Robert Cells were discovered by Robert
Hooke while looking at cork under Hooke while looking at cork under the microscopethe microscope
Organisms can have one cell Organisms can have one cell (unicellular) or more than one cell (unicellular) or more than one cell (multi-cellular)(multi-cellular)
The facts about cells…The facts about cells… The cell theory-cells are the The cell theory-cells are the
basic unit of structure in all basic unit of structure in all living things; all living things are living things; all living things are made of one or more cells; cells made of one or more cells; cells come from other living cellscome from other living cells
Organelles are parts of a cellOrganelles are parts of a cell
The facts about cells…The facts about cells… All cells have the same basic All cells have the same basic
structure, with some structure, with some exceptions, but multi-cellular exceptions, but multi-cellular organisms can perform more organisms can perform more functions because their cells functions because their cells are specialized (brain cells, are specialized (brain cells, heart cells, stomach cells, etc.)heart cells, stomach cells, etc.)
The facts about cells…The facts about cells… Cells maintain stable internal Cells maintain stable internal
conditions while living in a conditions while living in a constantly changing external constantly changing external environment (homeostasis)environment (homeostasis)
Cells must maintain this stable Cells must maintain this stable environment to carry out environment to carry out important functionsimportant functions
Two types of cellsTwo types of cellsCells with a nucleus-plant Cells with a nucleus-plant
and animal cellsand animal cellsCells without a nucleus-Cells without a nucleus-
bacteriabacteria
Cell OrganellesCell Organelles CytoplasmCytoplasm NucleusNucleus ChromosomesChromosomes ChloroplastChloroplast VacuoleVacuole MitochondrionMitochondrion Cell WallCell Wall Cell MembraneCell Membrane
LysosomeLysosome NucleolusNucleolus Nuclear membraneNuclear membrane Endoplasmic Endoplasmic
reticulum reticulum (rough/smooth)(rough/smooth)
RibosomesRibosomes Golgi complexGolgi complex
The following slides give The following slides give the function of each cell the function of each cell
organelleorganelle
CytoplasmCytoplasm
Fluid that Fluid that surrounds the surrounds the
cell’s organellescell’s organelles
NucleusNucleus
The control The control center of the cellcenter of the cell
ChromosomesChromosomesStructures inside the Structures inside the nucleus that contain nucleus that contain DNA that controls DNA that controls the cell’s activitiesthe cell’s activities
ChloroplastChloroplastMakes food for Makes food for plant cells using plant cells using
energy from energy from sunlightsunlight
VacuoleVacuole
Stores water and Stores water and other materialsother materials
MitochondrionMitochondrion
Breaks down food Breaks down food molecules to molecules to make energy make energy
(ATP)(ATP)
Cell WallCell Wall
Provides strength Provides strength and support to the and support to the cell membrane in cell membrane in
plant cellsplant cells
Cell MembraneCell MembraneProvides a barrier Provides a barrier
and allows materials and allows materials in and out of the cell in and out of the cell
(semi-permeable)(semi-permeable)
LysosomeLysosomeDigest food Digest food
particles, wastes, particles, wastes, cell parts, and cell parts, and
foreign invadersforeign invaders
NucleolusNucleolusStores the Stores the
materials that will materials that will be used later to be used later to make ribosomesmake ribosomes
Nuclear Nuclear MembraneMembrane
Allows materials in Allows materials in and out of the and out of the
nucleusnucleus
Endoplasmic Endoplasmic ReticulumReticulum
(Rough/Smooth)(Rough/Smooth)
Packages and Packages and transports proteins transports proteins throughout the cellthroughout the cell
RibosomesRibosomes
Make proteinsMake proteins
Golgi ComplexGolgi Complex
Processes and Processes and transports materials transports materials
out of the cellout of the cell