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Cells(Division of Labour)

Chapter 24

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In this chapter, you will learn

that cells of similar structures are

organised into tissues

that several tissues may make up anorgan

that organs are organised into systems

to explain the significance of division oflabour

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Unicellular Organisms

Paramecium Amoeba

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Unicellular Organisms

Paramecium

Microscopic organism

Found onsurface of water

(eg: pond, river)

Has hair surrounding the

body for movement Has a mouth

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Unicellular Organisms

Amoeba

Often found at bottom of pondsor under rocks

Does not move fast No arms, legs, eyes, mouth

Eats by surrounding its prey withits body

Lives only for 2 days

Reproduce by spliting itself into2 new amoebas

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Multicellular Organisms

Have many different cells

Different cells perform different

functions

Examples

Plants

Humans

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Cells in a Human Examples

Red blood cell (transportoxygen)

Nerve cell (have nerve fibresto transmit signals to and from

the central nervous system)

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Cells in a Plant Examples

Root haircell

Leaf guard cell

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From cells to tissues Tissue

roup of similar cells that are

specialised to perform a particular

function

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Tissues in a Human Epithelial tissue

Covering or lining tissue

to protect structurebeneath it

Connective tissueJoins, stores or

supports all parts of anorganism

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Tissues in a Plant Epidermal tissue

Protects plant against

injury and losing too

much water

Vasculartissue

Transports materials

within a plant

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Tissues in a Plant Photosynthesis tissue

Carries out photosynthesis in a

plant

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From Tissues to Organs Organ

roup of specialised tissues that

are gathered in a certain part of the

body to perform a particular

function together

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Organs in a Human Examples

Skin

Lungs

Heart

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Organs in a Plant Examples

Leaves

Stem

Roots

Flowers

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From Organs to Systems System

Different organs working together

to perform a major function in an

organism

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Main Organ Systems in a Human

Respiratory system

Digestive system

Blood circulatory system

Skeletal system

M

uscular system

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Respiratory System

Nasal Passage

Pharynx

Trachea

Bronchus

Larynx

Bronchioles

Alveoli

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Respiratory System Respiration

Process in which cells release energy from

the food we eat

Oxygen is required

Carbon dioxide is removed

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Respiratory System Mechanics of

breathingExhalation

Inhalation

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Blood Circulatory System

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Blood Circulatory System Transports nutrients, gases, waterand

hormones to different parts of the body

Include red blood cells, white blood

cells, heart, blood vessels

Red blood cells

White blood cells

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Skeletal System

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Skeletal System Supports our body

Gives us shape

Protects our organs

Enables movement

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Muscular System

Deltoid

Pectoralis major

Biceps brachi

Gluteus maximus

Rectus femoris

Gastrocnemius

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Muscular System

Enables movement by

contraction and relaxation of

muscles 3 muscle types:

Skeletal muscles

Smooth muscles Cardiac muscles

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Other systems in Human

Reproductive System

- Produces sex cells (sperm, ovum)

- For reproduction

Nervous System

- Consists of the brain, spinal cord and nerves

found throughout our body- Controls and coordinates functions

throughout our body

- Enables us to respond to changes around us

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Male Reproductive System

Urinary bladder

Vas deferens

Prostate gland

Urethra

Penis

Seminal vesicle

Epididymus

Testis

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Female Reproductive System

SagittalView

Anterior View

Fallopian tube

Ovary

Uterus

Vagina

Uterus

Vagina

Fallopian tube

Urinary bladder

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Nervous System

Cerebrum

Corpuscallosum

Cerebellum

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

MidbrainPons

Medullaoblongata

Spinal cord

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Plant Transport System

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From Systems to Organisms Organism

Made up of different systems

working effectively in a

coordinated manner

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The HumanBody

- An organism

CELLS

TISSUES

ORGANS

SYSTEMS

ORGANISM

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Division of Labour

Each cell in a multicellular organismdoes not perform all the bodilyfunctions.

Each type of cell specialises inperforming one particular function.

Different functions in a multicellularorganism can be performed at thesame time by division of labour.

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Division of Labour Division of labour

Sharing different functions in an

organism among its cells, tissues,

organs and systems

Ensures smooth running and

effective working of the differentparts in an organisms as well as the

organism as a whole