• Future test questions.... answer in complete sentences.

• What are organelles? • What are three differences between plant

cells and animal cells?• What are four differences between eukaryotic

cells and prokaryotic cells?

Prokaryotic Cells• In Greek:

– Pro = before– karyotic = nucleus

• Cells that do not have a nucleus

• Bacteria

Eukaryotic Cells

• In Greek:– Eu = True– Karyotic = nucleus

• Cells that have a nucleus

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic

No Nucleus Nucleus

No Membrane – covered Organelles

Membrane – covered Organelles

Circular DNA (in a circle) Linear DNA (in a line)

Bacteria All other cells

• Keeps good stuff in (nutrients, water), and bad stuff out (waste, toxins, viruses, bacteria).

• Made from lipids.

Cell Walls• Hard Wall made of

cellulose.• Rigid & Stiff• Provides strength &

support to cell membrane• Only in plant and bacteria

cells.

• Is the control center of the cell• Stores information (DNA) on how to run the cell and

build new structures. • Largest Organelle in the cell

• Machine that reads RNA strand and builds proteins by assembling amino acids.

• Proteins are the building blocks for all structures built in the cell.

• Ribosomes are also called“Protein Factories”• Ribosomes are the smallest organelles in the cell

• Smooth E.R. breaks down toxins, and makes lipids which are used for membranes. No ribosomes.

• Rough E.R. has ribosomes, and packages proteins for release from the cell.

• “Assembly line” that constructs & carries proteins

Rough E.R., Proteins, Vesicles, Golgi, Exocytosis

Rough E.R. Exocytosis

Nuclear pore

Ribosome

Secretory vesicle

Cell membrane

Expelled protein

Nucleus

Golgi

Transport VesicleProteins

Smooth E.R.

• The Powerhouse of the cell• Breaks down food to make ATP• ATP = energy (Adenosine triphosphate)

ATP SYNTHASE

ATP SYNTHASE – hundreds of these machines in each mitochondrion CLICK FOR LINK

• Make food using the energy from the sun.• Change H2O & CO2 to C6H12O6

• Contain the green pigment chlorophyll.

Chloroplasts

• Processes & transports materials out of the cell.• “Packaging center”

• Stores water & other fluids.• Only found in plant cells – never in animal cells.

Central Vacuole

• Digests food particles, wastes, cell parts & foreign invaders.

• Membrane bound compartments• Formed when part of the cell membrane surrounds an object

& pinches it off.

Animal & Plant vs. Plant Cell Membranes

NucleusRibosomes

MitochondriaGolgi Complex

LysosomesVesicles

E.R. (Endoplasmic Reticulum)Cytoskeleton

Cell WallsCentral VacuoleChloroplasts

Animal Cell