CELLS AND ORGAN OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEMS

INTRO. CELL&ORGAN HOW DISEASE TEST

1. Definition

2. Importanc

e

3. Type of

immunity

4. General

characteri

stic

Cell

1. Agranulocyte

• Lymphocyte

• Monocyte

2. Granulocyte

• Neutrophils

• Basophils

• Eosinophils

3. Dendritic cell

4. Mast cell

5. Others

Organ

1. Lymphoid

primer

• Bone

marrow

• Thymus

2.Lymphoid

secondary

• Lymphatic

Vessel

• Lymph

Nodes

1. Antigen

2. Antibody

3. Agglutinatio

n

4. Non-specific

immunity

• First barrier

• Scnd barrier

5. Specific

immunity

• Third barrier

6. cytokines

1. Hypersen

sitivity

2. HLA @

MHC

3. Immunol

ogical

disorder

1. Immun

oassay

2. immun

ofluore

scence

Derived from pluripotent stem cell (forms in embryo during the first few weeks of life)

Stem cells migrate from embryo liver to bone marrow (differentiate to produce lymphoid stem cells call ‘colony forming unit’)

Bone marrow-sources of the precursor cells

CELLS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEMS

Development of Haemopoietic Cells

White blood cells

The granulocytes include the neutrolphils, eosinophils, and basophils; the

agranulocytes include the lymphocytes and monocytes.

Serum vs. Plasma

Serum: cell-free liquid, minus the clotting factors

Plasma: cell-free liquid with clotting factors in solution (must use an anticoagulant)

Components of blood

Components of blood

Mature within bone marrow and released into blood

Constitute approximately 65% of all white blood cells

Large no.of granules found in cytoplasm Appearance of granules under light microscope

(conventional staining) Basophils (intense blue staining) Eosinophils (red-staining granules) Neutrophils (granules unstained)

Granulocytes

Polymorph nuclear cells (multilobed nuclei of granulocyte)

Majority of granulocyte (90-95%)

Phagocytosis

Short life span (hours)

Very important at “clearing” bacterial infections

Natural Immunity

Neutrophil

3-5 % of ganulocytes

Kills Ab-coated parasites through degranulation

Involved in allergic inflammation

Double Lobed nucleus

Orange granules contain toxic compounds

Eosinophils

0.5-1% of granulocytes

Might be “blood Mast cells’

A cell-killing cells

Blue granules contain toxic and inflammatory compounds

Important in allergic reactions

Basophils

Monocytes

Lymphocytes

Agranulocytes

Monocytes/Macrophage

5-10% of white blood cells Short half-life (24h in blood) Morphology is variable,

larger than neutrophils and lymphocyte.

Single nucleus and abundant granular cytoplasm

Phagocytosis and killing of microorganisms

Activation of T cells and initiation of immune response

Monocyte is a young macrophage in blood

25-35% of white blood cells

Found in the blood, lymphoid organ or tissue and site of chronic inflammation.

Many types; important in both humoral and cell-mediated immunity

B-cells produce antibodies

T- cells

Lymphocytes

Lymphocytes

B-lymphocytes Differentiate within

bone marrow

Role-recognition of macromolecule (antigen) through surface receptor (antibody)

Mature into plasma cells

Function as secretors of antibody

T-lymphocytes

Tymus matured lymphocytes

Distinguishing between self, foreign tissue and infectious agent

Dendritic cell

Mast Cell

OTHERS IMMUNE CELLS

Activation of T cells and initiate acquired immunity

Found mainly in lymphoid tissue

Function as antigen presenting cells (APC)

Most potent stimulator of T-cell response

Dendritic Cells

Expulsion of parasites through release of granules

Histamine, leukotrienes, chemokines, cytokines

Also involved in allergic responses

Mast Cells

Megakaryocyte

Platelet formation

Wound repair

Erythrocyte

Oxygen transport

Other Important Blood Cells

ORGAN OF IMMUNE SYSTEM

PRIMARY LYMPHOID ORGANS

Bone Marrow

Thymus

SECONDARY LYMPHOID ORGANS Lymphatic vessels

Lymph nodes

Mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

Gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT)

Spleen

PRIMARY LYMPHOID

ORGANS (Production and maturation of lymphoid cells)

Found in bone cavity

In babies – found in all actively growing bone.

Adult-most bone marrow are replace by non active bone matrix.

Bone marrow only found in skull, vertebrae, ribs, sternum and pelvis

Produces new blood cells, both red and white.

The bone marrow produces all blood cells from STEM CELLS, which mature into different types of white blood cells.

BONE MARROW

Bone marrow consist of

Blood vessel

Adipocyte

Reticular cells

Developing RBC

Immune cells (WBC)

Development of blood cells is called hemopoiesis

Matured haemopoetic cell will go to blood stream.

Development of Haemopoietic Cells

This organ lays between your breastbone and your heart. It is responsible for maturing T-cells.

Location- anterior superior mediastinum, in front of the heart and behind the sternum.

Where precursor T-lymphocyte cell mature

THYMUS

Divided into a an outer capsule

peripheral cortex

central medulla

Here lymphocyte mature into T-helper cells

T-cytotoxic cells

T-suppressor cells

T-memory

Thymus structure

Thymus

Processing and maturation of special lymphocytes (white blood cells) called T-lymphocytes or T-cells,

SECONDARY LYMPHOID

ORGAN (Lymphocyte maturation and

immunity production)

Upper left abdomen under the stomach filters blood and removes any foreign particles

and old blood cells in need of replacement. When blood pass the spleen , macrophage will

sieve foreign matter and microorganism. Here B and T lymphocyte is activated and specific

antibodies is produce. A person missing a spleen may get sick more

often than one with a spleen.

SPLEEN

Made of splenic pulp which is covered with elastic fibrous capsule.

Pulp is made of:

White pulp: splenic follicles with high concentration of lymphoid tissue

Red pulp: surrounding white pulp, consist of reticular fiber, blood vessel, white blood cells, red blood cells and macrophages.

Spleen Structure

The red pulp is mostly used to store blood and break down old red blood cells.

The white pulp has the lymphatic function of filtering the blood from antigens.

Spleen

Made of reticular cells (storage for lymphocyte known as lymphoid follicles)

F(X)

Sieve antigen and foreign material from blood.

Prevent from infection

Prevent spreading of harmful substance in the body

LYMPH NODES

Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) Involving upper and lower respiratory tract.

Naso-pharyngeal lymph nodes (adenoid)

Tonsillar lymph nodes

Bronchial lymph nodes

Peripheral lymph nodes

Gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) Intestinal tract

Peyer’s patches

LYMPH NODES

Kedudukan nodus limfa

Struktur nodus limfa

Lymph nodes

Lymphatic vessels

Cells of immune systems

Types of immune cells?

Function , origins, percentage in blood

Organs of immune system

Types of organs

What made up of lymphoids systems?

Structure, location, function of each organs.

Objective Checks

END OF STORY