Cells In Living Things UnitCell Theory’s 3 Parts1. All living things are composed of cells.

2.Cells are the basic units of structure andfunction.

3.New cells are produced from existing cells.

Scheildan, Schwann,and Virchow

Basic Cell Structure• There are many differences between cells.

Cells have different shapes & functions

• ALL cells have the following:cell membrane & cytoplasm

Stem Cells

2 Types of Cells

• Prokaryotes• Usually smaller• Have cell membrane and

cytoplasm• No nuclei (nucleus)• Ex. All bacteria

E. Coli• No membrane bound

organelles

E coli

Salmonella

2 Types of Cells

• Eukaryotes• Usually bigger• Have cell membrane

and cytoplasm• Do contain a nuclei

(nucleus)• Ex. Animals, humans &

plants• Have membrane bound

organelles

Eukaryotic Cells

What types of cells are these?

3 Types of Cell Movement

• FlagellumLong whip-like structure that is used

for movement. Ex. sperm

3 Types of Cell Movement• Cilium-

Short hair-like projections, that are used for movement.

3 Types of Cell Movement• Pseudopods

Temporary projections of cytoplasmEx. Amoebas

Cilia? Flagellum? Or Psuedopods?

Cell Organelles(Mini “organs” inside a cell)

• CytoplasmGel-like substance

Ex. Fruit + Jell-O

Organelles Cytoplasm

Cell Parts• Nucleus = “Brain” Control Center

Cell Parts

• Cell Membrane = “Skin” All cells are surrounded by a cell

membrane. A thin layer of lipid & protein that

separatesthe cells contents from the outside environment.

• Made up of a phospholipid bi-layer

• Head = hydrophilic = water loving• Tail = hydrophobic = water hating

Cell Parts• Cell Wall –• Provides support and

protection for PLANT cells

• Only in plant cells• Chloroplast –

Organelle that captures the energy from sun-light and converts it into chemical energy

• Found in plant cells only

Cell Parts• Centriole –

Helps organize cell division /reproduction

• Vacuole –Sac-like structures which store materials such as H2O, salt, and other organic moleculesLarger vacuoles = plants Smaller vacuoles = animals

Cell Parts• Mitochondria –

Power house of cellConverts chemical energyfrom food into compoundseasier for the cell to useATP(adenine triphosphate)

• Ribosomes –Makes proteinsLocated in the cytoplasm“free”Also located on the RER

2 Types of Endoplasmic Reticulum• Smooth Endoplasmic

Reticulum• “ER” / “SER –

Smooth = no ribosomes Makes lipids & carbohydratesMakes poisons, waste & othertoxic chemical harmlessHelps transport materialsthrough the cell

2 Types of Endoplasmic Reticulum• Rough

Endoplasmic• Reticulum “RER” –

Rough = ribosomesMakes proteins &modifies proteins

Cell Parts• Lysosomes –

Food particles are digested by enzymesOld organelles are decomposedOld organelles go through absorption(meaning they are absorbed into the cell tobe recycled.)Filled with enzymes

Cell Parts• Golgi Apparatus / Golgi Complex –

Made proteins are sent to their final destinations or out of the cell