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CELLS Chapter 7.1. CELL BIOLOGISTS Anton van Leeuwenhoek - Dutch lens maker who developed the first...
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Transcript of CELLS Chapter 7.1. CELL BIOLOGISTS Anton van Leeuwenhoek - Dutch lens maker who developed the first...
CELLSCELLS
Chapter 7.1Chapter 7.1
CELL BIOLOGISTSCELL BIOLOGISTS
Anton van Anton van Leeuwenhoek - Leeuwenhoek - Dutch lens maker Dutch lens maker who developed who developed the first simple the first simple microscopemicroscope
CELL BIOLOGISTSCELL BIOLOGISTSRobert Robert Hooke - Hooke - English English scientistscientist
First coined the First coined the word “cells”word “cells”
after after looking at looking at corkcork..
CELL CELL BIOLOGISTSBIOLOGISTS
Matthias Matthias Schleiden - Schleiden - German German Botanist who Botanist who studied plant studied plant cellscells
CELL CELL BIOLOGISTSBIOLOGISTS
Theodor Theodor Schwann - Schwann - German German Zoologist - Zoologist - studied studied animal cellsanimal cells
CELL BIOLOGISTSCELL BIOLOGISTSRudolf VirchowRudolf Virchow
–German physicianGerman physician
–New cells could New cells could be produced only be produced only from the division from the division of existing cellsof existing cells
rudolfvirchow.net/
CELL THEORY:CELL THEORY:
1. All living things 1. All living things are made of cellsare made of cells
2.2. The cell is the basic The cell is the basic unit of structure unit of structure and functionand function
3. Cells come from 3. Cells come from other cellsother cells
TYPES OF CELLSTYPES OF CELLSProkaryotic - cells with no Prokaryotic - cells with no
nucleus or membrane bound nucleus or membrane bound organellesorganelles
very simple very simple cellscellsbacteria, some bacteria, some blue-green blue-green algaealgae
Eukaryotic - cells with a Eukaryotic - cells with a nucleus and membrane nucleus and membrane bound organellesbound organelles
complex cellscomplex cellsanimal, plant, fungi, animal, plant, fungi,
protistprotist
UnicellularUnicellular Organisms OrganismsONEONE- celled organisms which - celled organisms which
–GrowGrow–Respond to environmentRespond to environment–Transform energyTransform energy–ReproduceReproduce–Ex: Ex: Volvox aureusVolvox aureus
www.volvoxaureus.com/volvox.htm
MulticellularMulticellular Organism Organism
Organisms made up of Organisms made up of MANYMANY cells cells– Different kinds of cells are Different kinds of cells are SPECIALIZEDSPECIALIZED
to perform particular functions within the to perform particular functions within the organismorganism
– Ex: muscles cells, nerve cells, guard cells, Ex: muscles cells, nerve cells, guard cells, red blood cells…red blood cells…
Typical Cell?Typical Cell?
Levels of OrganizationLevels of Organization Observed in Multicellular OrganismsObserved in Multicellular Organisms Cells- of similar type work together to Cells- of similar type work together to
formform Tissues- grouped together to form Tissues- grouped together to form Organs- work together as part of Organs- work together as part of Organ System- group of organs working Organ System- group of organs working
together to perform a specific functiontogether to perform a specific function Organism- all systems working together Organism- all systems working together
CELL STRUCTURECELL STRUCTUREPlasma MembranePlasma Membrane selectively permeableselectively permeable separates cell from its separates cell from its
environmentenvironment composed of lipid composed of lipid
bilayer with embedded bilayer with embedded proteinsproteins
CELL STRUCTURECELL STRUCTURENucleusNucleus
surrounded by nuclear surrounded by nuclear envelopeenvelope
contains genetic contains genetic information information (chromosomes), (chromosomes),
““brain” of the cellbrain” of the cell
NucleolusNucleolus
Inside the nucleusInside the nucleusMakes ribosomesMakes ribosomes
CELL CELL STRUCTURESTRUCTURECytoplasmCytoplasm
Composed mostly Composed mostly of waterof water
Has salts, sugars, Has salts, sugars, proteins and other proteins and other materials materials suspended in itsuspended in it
Colloid Colloid consistencyconsistency
CELL STRUCTURESCELL STRUCTURESOrganelles - MitochondriaOrganelles - Mitochondria
Powerhouse of the Powerhouse of the cellcell Contains its own DNAContains its own DNA Can reproduce when cell Can reproduce when cell
energy demands energy demands increaseincrease Converts glucose to Converts glucose to other energy formsother energy forms
The Mighty
Only in plant, algae, Only in plant, algae, and some bacterial and some bacterial cellscells Convert the sun’s energy to glucoseConvert the sun’s energy to glucose Composed of “solar collectors” Composed of “solar collectors”
called granacalled grana Contain chlorophyll pigmentContain chlorophyll pigment
ChloroplastChloroplast
RibosomesRibosomes
Protein Protein manufacturinmanufacturing siteg site
Young cells Young cells have many have many more than more than older cellsolder cells
Network of tubes Network of tubes
that transport that transport
materials within materials within
the cell and to the the cell and to the
cell surface for cell surface for
releasereleasesmooth and rough e.r.smooth and rough e.r.
Endoplasmic ReticulumEndoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth ERSmooth ERManufactures and Manufactures and transports lipids transports lipids within the cellwithin the cell
Rough E.R.Rough E.R.Rough in appearance due to Rough in appearance due to
presence of ribosomespresence of ribosomesManufactures and transports Manufactures and transports
proteins to cell surface for proteins to cell surface for releaserelease
Golgi Golgi ApparatusApparatus
Packages and Packages and processes cellular processes cellular materials and prepares materials and prepares them for shipmentthem for shipment
Golgi ApparatusGolgi Apparatus
LysosomeLysosomeSite of cell digestionSite of cell digestionContains digestive Contains digestive
enzymesenzymesCalled “suicide Called “suicide
sacs”sacs”Responsible for Responsible for
cell destructioncell destruction
VacuoleVacuoleUsed by cells Used by cells
to store to store nutrients, nutrients, wastes, and wastes, and cellular cellular products; products; water storagewater storage
VesiclesVesicles
Used by cells to Used by cells to temporarily temporarily store cellular store cellular products (such products (such as hormones as hormones and enzymes) and enzymes) before release before release from the cellfrom the cell
CentrioleCentrioless
Found only in animal Found only in animal cellscellsUsed during cellular Used during cellular
reproduction to help reproduction to help separate chromosomes separate chromosomes evenlyevenly
CytoskeletonCytoskeletonProtein filaments Protein filaments
which act as which act as scaffolding to scaffolding to
support cellular support cellular componentscomponents
Major component of Major component of cilia and flagellacilia and flagella
Cilia and Cilia and FlagellaFlagella
Structures used Structures used for locomotion for locomotion of organism or of organism or transportation transportation of materialsof materials
PlastidsPlastids Found only in plant cellsFound only in plant cells Used to store plant Used to store plant
materialsmaterials Chromoplasts - colorChromoplasts - color Chloroplasts – Chloroplasts –
chlorophyllchlorophyll Leucoplasts – starchLeucoplasts – starch
Cell WallCell Wall
Found in plants, fungi, and some Found in plants, fungi, and some bacteriabacteria
NOT found in animal cellsNOT found in animal cells Made of cellulose, chitin or some Made of cellulose, chitin or some
other carbohydrateother carbohydrate Rigid, provide strength, support, Rigid, provide strength, support,
protectionprotection Like armor for the plant cellLike armor for the plant cell