CELLS ARE NOT JUST IN PRISONS © T.P. Thould May 1999.
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Transcript of CELLS ARE NOT JUST IN PRISONS © T.P. Thould May 1999.
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CELLS ARE NOT JUST IN PRISONS
© T.P. Thould
May 1999
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CELLS
Cells are the smallest unit of life which can perform the seven characteristics of living things.
Every Plant and Animal is made up of cells
Different cells are adapted to do different jobs in the bodies of plants and animals. These are called SPECIALISED CELLS
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LIVING THINGSEvery living thing - plant and animal have eight common features (characteristics).
These eight characteristics are shared by all living things.
They must have all eight characteristics to be called a living thing.
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THE EIGHT CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS
1 Movement
2 Respiration
3 Sensitivity
4 Cells
MRS C FERG
5 Feeding
6 Excretion
7 Reproduction
8 Growth
Test
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1 Movement - find food, escape , etc..
2 Respiration - for energy
3 Sensitivity - detect stimuli
4 Cells - to form the body tissues and organs that can carry out the other seven life processes.
5 Feeding - for growth and repair
6 Excretion - get rid of waste
7 Reproduction - survival of the species
8 Growth - to mature, to repair
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AN ANIMAL CELL
CELL MEMBRANE
CYTOPLASM
NUCLEUS
E.g. A cheek lining cell
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A PLANT CELL
NUCLEUS
CYTOPLASM
CELL MEMBRANE
CELLULOSE CELL WALL
CHLOROPLASTS
VACUOLE
E.g. A Palisade Leaf Cell
Test
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COMMON STRUCTURES
Plant and animal cells have the same three structures in common, what are they?
What other structures does the plant cell have that the animal cell does not? N
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COMMON STRUCTURES
Plant and animal cells have the same three structures in common:-
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell Membrane
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A PLANT CELL
Cell WallChloroplasts
Large Vacuole
These parts are only found in plant cells.
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PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS COMPARED
Plant Cells Animal Cells
•Have a nucleus
•Have a cell membrane
•Have cytoplasm
•Have a nucleus
•Have a cell membrane
•Have cytoplasm
•Can have chloroplasts
•Have cellulose cell walls
•Have large vacuoles which contain cell sap
•Regular in shape
•Never have chloroplasts
•No cell wall
•May have small food vacuoles
•Irregular in shape
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Eyepiece Lens
Objective Lens
Mirror
StageFocusing
Knob
Handle
PARTS OF A MICROSCOPE
Test
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BY NOW YOU SHOULD KNOW…..
•How to set up a microscope
•The parts of the microscope
•What the parts of the microscope do
•That slides need to be stained to be seen more clearly e.g. by Iodine
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BY KNOW YOU SHOULD KNOW…..
•The main parts of a plant and animal cell
•The differences between plant and animal cells
•The similarities between plant and animal cells
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NUCLEUS
This is the control centre of any cell. It controls all of the cells chemical reactions. It is found in the
Cytoplasm in both animal and plant cells
It contains thread - like strands which are called Chromosomes. These have the Genes which instruct the cell on how it is to grow and function
ChromosomesGenes
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CYTOPLASM
This is the jelly - like part of a cell where the nucleus is found. Chemical reactions take place here and different substances are made.
Animal cells are made mainly of Cytoplasm but Plant Cells have a thin layer of Cytoplasm
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CELL MEMBRANE
It controls materials going in and out of the cell.
This is a thin skin surrounding the
Cytoplasm.
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CELLULOSE CELL WALL
Cell Membrane
This holds plant cells together and gives it strength.
Only plant cells have Cellulose Cell Walls they are never found in animal cells
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VACUOLE
This contains a watery liquid called Cell Sap which helps to keep the cell firm and stop the plant from wilting
Plant cells have large vacuoles but only a few animal cells have small food vacuoles
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CHLOROPLASTS
These are structures found in the cytoplasm which contain Chlorophyll. This absorbs
sunlight energy during Photosynthesis
Only plant cells contain
Chloroplasts
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•The different parts of Plant and animal cells
•The main functions ( Jobs ) of the different parts of the cells
BY NOW YOU SHOULD KNOW …..
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SPECIALISATION
• Not all cells look the same
• Not all cells do the same job
• Different cells do different jobs ( functions )
• They are Specialised
• They are adapted to do a particular special job
• Their shape and parts help them to do the special job - this is SPECIALISATION
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WHAT ARE THESE?
A
B
C D
WHAT IS THEIR JOB
(FUNCTION?)
HOW ARE THEY ADAPTED?
E
N
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A SPERM CELL
Tail for swimming
Nucleus with male
chromosomes
Acrosome to make a hole in the ovum wall for the sperm to get into the ovum
Mitochondrion to make energy to move the tail
Its job is to fertilize the ovum ( egg ) cell Test
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A PALISADE CELL
CHLOROPLASTS
These have Chlorophyll which absorbs the energy from the sunlight and uses it to make sugar by Photosynthesis
Makes food for the plant to use for growth, energy etc.
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A CILIATED EPITHELIAL CELL
Cilia These cells line the windpipe and the Cilia trap dirt and dust particles stopping them blocking the lungs up and causing disease.
The Cilia brush the dust up and out of the windpipe
They also line the Oviduct and move the Egg along it towards the Womb
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A ROOT HAIR CELL
Absorbs water from the surrounding soil particles.
SOIL
Root Hair gives the cell a larger surface area through which it can take in more water.
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AN OVUM CELL
Contains the female set of chromosomes.
Allows only one sperm inside before blocking any other
ones from getting in
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
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WHAT ARE THESE?
A
B
C D
WHAT IS THEIR JOB
(FUNCTION?)
HOW ARE THEY ADAPTED?
E
N
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BY NOW YOU SHOULD KNOW…..
•What is meant by Specialised Cell
•How to recognise four specialised cells
•What there functions are
•What adaptations the cells have to do their jobs
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The remaining slides are Year 10 work.
If you have finished and learned the work so far then have a go at these.
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MORE SPECIALISED
CELLSRED BLOOD CELL
WHITE BLOOD CELL
NERVE CELL
MUSCLE CELL
Click on these in turn and copy the diagrams and notes into your books.
EXTRA WORK IF YOU HAVE FINISHED THE REST!
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WHITE CELL
Defends body against disease by killing Microbes - Bacteria and Viruses
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White Cell
Defends body against disease by killing Microbes - Bacteria and Viruses
They do this by engulfing them - surrounding the bacteria and trapping it inside the cell and
destroying it.
They also make chemicals called Antibodies which kill the bacteria a few days after being infected.
Bacterium
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Red Blood Cell
Carries Oxygen by joining it to the red pigment - Haemoglobin forming Oxyhaemoglobin
To do this well it has no nucleus and a biconcave shape giving it more surface area to carry more Oxygen
around the body
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Dendrons connects with other nerve
fibres
Myelin Sheath
insulates the fiibre
A Nerve Fibre
Muscle
Cell Body
Carries impulses from one part of the body to another. The longest cell in the body.
Direction of impulse
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Muscle Cells
Long cells which pull when they get shorter ( contract) making different parts of our body move
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Muscle Cells
Long cells which pull when they get shorter ( contract) making different parts of our body move