Cells and Tissues -...

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Ch 6 Anatomy and Physioloy This chapter involves many medical terms and highly used terminology that you should all should become familiar with. I ADVISE you to bring in NOTE CARDS in order to become more aware of these words and their locations on the human body Anatomy The study of the structures of the human body that can be seen with the naked eye The science of the structures of organisms and their parts Anatomy 2 Physiology =The study of the functions performed by the body structure Histology =The study of the science of the human tissues and microscopic anatomy

Transcript of Cells and Tissues -...

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Ch 6 Anatomy and Physioloy

• This chapter involves many medical terms and

highly used terminology that you should all

should become familiar with. I ADVISE you to

bring in NOTE CARDS in order to become

more aware of these words and their

locations on the human body

Anatomy

• The study of the structures of the human

body that can be seen with the naked eye

• The science of the structures of organisms and

their parts

Anatomy 2

• Physiology=The study of the functions

performed by the body structure

• Histology=The study of the science of the

human tissues and microscopic anatomy

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Cells

• The basic unit of ALL living things

– The body has trillions of cells that vary in shape &

size

– Without cells, life does not exist

Structure of a Cell

• Within the cell is a colorless, jellylike

substance called Protoplasm, which holds

many the elements the cell needs to live

• The Nucleus is the dense, active protoplasm in

the center of the cell, vital to cell reproduction

• Cytoplasm=the watery fluid containing the

food for the cell needed for reproduction,

metabolism, & self repair

• Cell Membrane-encloses the cell & permits

material to enter or leave

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Cell Reproduction

• Cell use Mitosis, in order to reproduce into

two identical cells called DAUGHTER CELLS

– With ideal conditions, the cell will grow and live

and eventually split into even more cells

Metabolism of a Cell

• Chemical process that takes place in living

organisms within two phases that are

continuous

– 1) Anabolism building larger molecules from

smaller molecules; water, food, & oxygen are all

stored for growth and repair

– 2)Catabolism breaking down the compounds

within the smaller ones to release energy for

muscle contractions, body secretions, or heat

production

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Tissues

• Tissues are a collection of similar cells

performing a certain function identified by

characteristic appearance

– Five Types of Tissues

• 1) Connective – support, protect, and bind tissues

together (ex. Bone, tendons, and cartilage)

• 2) Epithelial-protective covering on body surfaces (skin,

organ linings, mucous membranes)

• 3) Liquid-carries food, waste products, and hormones

(ex. Blood)

Tissues 2/2

• 4) Muscular-moves parts of the body by

contracting

• 5) Nerve-carries messages to & from the brain

to control and coordinate bodily functions (ex.

Spinal cord, nerves, brain)

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http://healthguide.howstuffworks.com/tissue-types-

picture.htm

http://www.virtualmedicalcentre.com/heal

thinvestigations.asp?sid=4

Organs 1-4 of 8• Groups of tissues designed to perform a

specific function within the human body

– 1. Brain & nervous system – Controls the Body

– 2. Eyes and optic muscles - Control Vision

– 3. Heart & arteries – circulates the blood

– 4. Kidneys – excrete water, waste products and

filters blood

Organs 5-8 of 8

– 5. Lungs – supplies oxygen to blood

– 6. Intestines- reabsorb fluids and remove toxins

during digestion

– 7. Skin – external protective covering of the body

– 8. stomach-digests food after ingestion

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Body Systems – 1 of 4

• Group of bodily organs acting together to perform

one or more functions

– 1. Circulatory - made up of the vessels and the muscles

that help and control the flow of the blood around the

body.

– 2. Digestive-is made up of the digestive tract—a series of

hollow organs joined in a long, twisting tube from the

mouth to the anus—and other organs that help the

body break down and absorb food

– 3. Endocrine – consists of specialized glands; affects

growth, development, and general health of entire

body.

Digestive System

Circulatory System

Endocrine System

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Body Systems 2 of 4

• 4. Excretory-purifies the body by elimination

of waste matter & consists of kidneys, liver,

skin, intestines, and lungs

• 5. Integument-serves as a protective covering

and helps regulate body temperature; consists

of skin, hair, nails, and sweat glands

• 6. Muscular-serves as the method to help

organs function (smooth and cardiac) and

bones move (skeletal).

Excretory System

Integumentary System

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Muscular System

Body Systems 3 of 4

• 7. Nervous-consists of two sub systems, the

Central nervous system-CNS (brain and spinal

cord) which directs the body and the

Peripheral nervous system-PNS (wiring and

nerves) sense everything and relays to the

brain

• 8. Reproductive-responsible for processes by

which plants and animals produce offspring

and reproduce

Nervous System

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Body Systems – 4 of 4

• 9. Respiratory- system in which oxygen and

carbon dioxide is exchanged for metabolism

consisting of the airways, lungs, and

respiratory muscles.

• 10. Skeletal – physical foundation of the body;

consists of the bones and movable and

immovable joints

MAKE NOTECARDS OF THESE TERMS!

Respiratory System

Skeletal System