Cells and their Jobs

By: Lily Abolfathipour

Nucleus

Nucleus controls the activity of the cell, and also contains chromosomes which are made of DNA.

DNA = deoxyribonucleic acid

What is DNA? DNA is the molecule that contains the genetic code of organisms. They tell what proteins to make. A cell’s proteins determine its functions. DNA is inherited by children from their parents.

The picture at the right is DNA.

Vacuoles

Vacuoles are the stomachs of the cells in many ways. Their common jobs are:•Keeping bad things separate from the rest of the cell•Holding waste products•Holding water in plant cells•Getting rid of things that cells don’t want•Holding small molecules •And there are many more……….

Cell Membranes and Cell Walls

Cell membranes are found in all cells unlike the cell wall. Cell walls are stiff, thick unlike the cell membrane, and are only found in plant cells. It gives extra support and protection to the cell. Cell membranes are flexible and thin unlike the cell wall.

Cytoplasm

Cytoplasm is a fluid found in all cells. They flow in between the parts of the cells.

Cell Parts

Nucleus: Control center for the cell. Contains chromosomes, which are made of DNA.

Vacuoles: Acts like a stomach. Holds water for plants and that is why the vacuole is big.

Cell Membrane: Thin covering like a sac that holds the cell.

Cell Wall: Stiff surrounding around the cell membrane. Found in plants to avoid big molecules.

Cytoplasm: Gel-like liquid that flows in between the other parts of the cell.

SUPERCELLS

THEIR POWERS AND ABILITIES ARE LENGENDARY. THEIR SKILLS AND STRENGTHS FOR THEIR PARTICULAR JOBS ARE IMPRESSIVE. DAY IN, DAY OUT, THEY WORK TIRELESSLY AND WITHOUT REWARD. EVER WILLING TO SERVE AND ALWAYS DEDICATED TO THE TASK AT HAND, THESE ARE YOUR BODY’S SUPERCELLS. MEET THE TEAM . . .

NERVE CELLHard at work in the brain and the nervous system, these cells collect and send out information through tiny electrical impulses. Branches on the cell body called dendrites bring data to the cell, while axons (the middle parts) take it away.

Many cells come and go, but we’ve been working since the day you were born. Never say die!

BONE CELL

Your bones are a mixture of matrix –the hard stuff that makes them strong- and other cells that help them grow and fix themselves. Bone-building cells are called osteoblasts, while maintaining cells are called osteocytes.

Make no bones about it, my friend, we’ll keep your skeleton in tiptop condition.

PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS

These are two types of cells in the eyes. Rods are sensitive to light, dark, shapes, and movement, while cones help you see color. Special pigments in the cells convert light into nerve impulses. When these reach the brain, it turns them into pictures.

Day or night, we catch the rays to give you the power of sight.

LIVER CELL

A key function of liver cells is to adjust the composition of your blood, removing toxins and regulating levels of sugars, fats, and amino acids.

Does your blood need cleaning and fine-tuning? We guarantee to de-liver!

MUSCLE CELL

These hard-working heroes convert chemical energy into movement. The skeletal muscles, packed with thousands of long muscle cell fibers, can contract when set off by a nerve signal. As they contract, they pull our bones to make us move.

We’re here to help you get a move on. Put some muscle into it!

FAT CELL

These are found in the layer under your skin and around other organs. The cells resemble plastic bubbles filled with oil. The cells can get bigger or smaller depending on how much energy-rich fat they store.

We project your organs with a shock-absorbing cushion and a layer of insulation to keep you warm.

EPITHIAL CELL

Your outer skin － as well as inside your nose, mouth, lungs, and digestive tract － is lined with these cells. They stop fluids or pathogens from getting through to the tissue below.

Want to keep out the nasty stuff? We’ve got you covered.

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