BY

SIVA SHANKAR PAKKAPATI

1.Introduction

2.Radiation from cell phones

3.Radiation from cell towers

4.Radiation effect on human beings

5.Effect on birds , animals and environment

6.Solutions to avoid radiation

7.Cellphone & cell tower statistics in India

8.Key points

9.Conclusion

Cell phone technology has several advantages and disadvantages grown rapidly.

In the last decade in India there are nearly 80crores cell phones subscribers and around 4.5lakh cell towers.

Number of cell phone towers are increasing day by day , without considering its disadvantages.

Scientific findings regarding electromagnetic radiation from the cell phone towers.

A cell phone transmits

1-2Watt of power in the

frequency range of

a)824-849MHz(CDMA)

b)890-915MHz(GSM900)

c)1710-1780MHz(GSM1800)

d)1920-1980MHz(3G)

The radiation from cell phone defined by it’s SAR(specific absorption rate) value.

The base stations are connected to directional antennas that are mounted on roofs of buildings RTT or RTP OR GBT.

The antennas have electrical and mechanical down tilt so the signals are directed towards ground level.

The cell tower antennas transmit in the frequency range of

a)869-890MHz(CDMA)b)935-960MHz(GSM 900)c)1810-1880MHz(GSM 1800)d)2110-2170MHz(3G)

Effects on human beings

Fatigue

Headaches

Loss of sleep

Memory loss

Ringing ears

Effect on skin

Increase in cancer risk

Birds like pigeons, sparrows, swans are getting lost due to cell tower radiation.

Mainly effective on birds like sparrows, because birds are more volume and less weight, so heating effect is very fast

So many cell towers are mounted on hospitals schools office buildings by doing like this those walls are getting cracks and effects on people.

In some areas the radiation reduces the yield of crops .

Use anti radiation pouches.

Check SAR values of mobile phones.

Use receivers to reduce

radiation emitted by mobiles .

Reduce the amount of time spent on calls.

Remove the cell towers from more populated areas.

“Reduce the power or remove the tower”.

India population -122 crores.

Mobile towers -7.4 lakh

Mobile subscribers-86 crores.

Temperature of ear lobes increases by 1˚C per every 17minutes.

Don’t put mobiles nearer to head while sleeping.

SAR and cell phone use time limit 6min/day usage.

A person should not use cell phone more than eighteen to twenty four minutes per day.

Spend less time speaking in mobile.

The seriousness of health hazards due to radiation from cell phones and cell towers has not been realizing a common man.

Cell operators continue to claim that there are no health issues. Even organizations like WHO,ICNIRP,FCC etc. have not recommended stricter safe radiation guidelines.

Several countries adopted radiation norms which are one by hundredth to one by thousandth of these values based on their studies.

One cannot see or smell it and it effects long period. So EMR limits should be decreased to avoid serious health hazards to human beings ,birds, animals and environment.