Cell Theory and Structure. Discovery of the Cell Scientists did not start using simple compound...

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Cell Theory and Structure

Transcript of Cell Theory and Structure. Discovery of the Cell Scientists did not start using simple compound...

Page 1: Cell Theory and Structure. Discovery of the Cell Scientists did not start using simple compound microscopes until the mid 1600’s. Robert Hooke used an.

Cell Theory and Structure

Page 2: Cell Theory and Structure. Discovery of the Cell Scientists did not start using simple compound microscopes until the mid 1600’s. Robert Hooke used an.

Discovery of the Cell• Scientists did not start using simple compound

microscopes until the mid 1600’s.• Robert Hooke used an early compound microscope

to look at slices of cork.

• Hooke named the ‘seemingly empty’ chambers ‘cells.’

• Around the same time, Anton von Leeuwenhoek was using a single-lens microscope to observe unicellular organisms in pond water for the first time.

http://www.smithlifescience.com/cork2.GIF

Page 3: Cell Theory and Structure. Discovery of the Cell Scientists did not start using simple compound microscopes until the mid 1600’s. Robert Hooke used an.

Cell Theory

•Additional observations of cells in other living things led scientists to 3 basic conclusions, known as the cell theory.

•Cell Theory states:▫All living things are composed of cells.▫Cells are the basic units of structure and

function in living things.▫New cells are produced from existing cells.

Page 4: Cell Theory and Structure. Discovery of the Cell Scientists did not start using simple compound microscopes until the mid 1600’s. Robert Hooke used an.

There are two categories of cells……

•Prokaryotes▫No nucleus▫Few organelles▫Small in size

▫Ex: Bacteria

EukaryotesEukaryotes– NucleusNucleus– Many Many

organellesorganelles– Large in sizeLarge in size– Ex: Humans, Ex: Humans,

plants, fungi, plants, fungi, etc.etc.

http://www.cod.edu/people/faculty/fancher/EukaryoticCell.jpg

http://www.cod.edu/people/faculty/fancher/ProkaryoticCell.jpg

Page 5: Cell Theory and Structure. Discovery of the Cell Scientists did not start using simple compound microscopes until the mid 1600’s. Robert Hooke used an.

Cell Structure

•All cells, both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, have DNA and a cell membrane.

•Cells also contain organelles – specialized structures within the cell that perform certain tasks.

•These organelles float around in the cell’s cytoplasm, which is mostly made of water.

Page 6: Cell Theory and Structure. Discovery of the Cell Scientists did not start using simple compound microscopes until the mid 1600’s. Robert Hooke used an.

Prokaryotes…….they’re simple.•Prokaryotes only have a

few basic structures:▫DNA▫Cell/plasma membrane▫Cell wall▫Ribosomes

▫Some use structures like pili, cilia, and flagellum to move in aquatic environments. http://scienceblogs.com/clock/2006/11/cell_structure.php

Page 7: Cell Theory and Structure. Discovery of the Cell Scientists did not start using simple compound microscopes until the mid 1600’s. Robert Hooke used an.

….but they come in many varieties.

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.harlem-school.com/10TH/sci_pdf/graphics/prokaryotic_entities.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.harlem-school.com/10TH/sci_pdf/sci.html&h=396&w=284&sz=32&hl=en&start=12&tbnid=dQsSJBBu88uFiM:&tbnh=124&tbnw=89&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddifferent%2Bshaped,%2Bprokaryotic%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

Page 8: Cell Theory and Structure. Discovery of the Cell Scientists did not start using simple compound microscopes until the mid 1600’s. Robert Hooke used an.

Eukaryotes are more complex.

•Eukaryotes can be multicellular or unicellular.

•Eukaryotes contain many organelles…….

Page 9: Cell Theory and Structure. Discovery of the Cell Scientists did not start using simple compound microscopes until the mid 1600’s. Robert Hooke used an.

Do you know your Organelles?

Page 10: Cell Theory and Structure. Discovery of the Cell Scientists did not start using simple compound microscopes until the mid 1600’s. Robert Hooke used an.

Cell (plasma) membrane

•Regulates what materials enter and leave the cell.

Page 11: Cell Theory and Structure. Discovery of the Cell Scientists did not start using simple compound microscopes until the mid 1600’s. Robert Hooke used an.

Nucleus

• Controls most cell processes and contains nearly all of the cell’s DNA

Page 12: Cell Theory and Structure. Discovery of the Cell Scientists did not start using simple compound microscopes until the mid 1600’s. Robert Hooke used an.

Ribosomes

• assemble proteins.▫ Some are free floating while others are attached to the

endoplasmic reticulum.

Page 13: Cell Theory and Structure. Discovery of the Cell Scientists did not start using simple compound microscopes until the mid 1600’s. Robert Hooke used an.

• There are two types:▫ Rough – chemically modifies proteins that are produced

by the ribosomes on its surface.▫ Smooth – contains specialized enzymes and makes lipid

components for the cell membrane.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Page 14: Cell Theory and Structure. Discovery of the Cell Scientists did not start using simple compound microscopes until the mid 1600’s. Robert Hooke used an.

•Sorts, modifies, and/or packages proteins and other materials from the ER for storage or secretion from the cell.

Golgi apparatus

Page 15: Cell Theory and Structure. Discovery of the Cell Scientists did not start using simple compound microscopes until the mid 1600’s. Robert Hooke used an.

• Lysosomes contain enzymes that are specialized to digest lipids, carbs, proteins so their monomers can be reused

• Peroxisomess contain enzymes that are specialized to digest toxic substances

Lysosomes and peroxisomes

Page 16: Cell Theory and Structure. Discovery of the Cell Scientists did not start using simple compound microscopes until the mid 1600’s. Robert Hooke used an.

Cytoskeleton

•A network of protein filaments (microtubules and microfilaments) that help the cell move and maintain its shape

http://scienceblogs.com/clock/2006/11/cell_structure.php

Page 17: Cell Theory and Structure. Discovery of the Cell Scientists did not start using simple compound microscopes until the mid 1600’s. Robert Hooke used an.

•Provides the cell with usable chemical energy ▫It is the site of cellular respiration.

Mitochondria

Page 18: Cell Theory and Structure. Discovery of the Cell Scientists did not start using simple compound microscopes until the mid 1600’s. Robert Hooke used an.

How are they different?

http://staff.tuhsd.k12.az.us/gfoster/standard/BCELL1_files/image005.jpg

http://scienceblogs.com/clock/2006/11/cell_structure.php

Page 19: Cell Theory and Structure. Discovery of the Cell Scientists did not start using simple compound microscopes until the mid 1600’s. Robert Hooke used an.

Plant cells have special features…..•Plants contain:

▫Chloroplasts – create and store usable energy through the process of photosynthesis.

▫Cell wall – provides the cell with rigid structure.

▫1 Large vacuole – used for the storage of water and some other materials Animal cells usually have many small

vacuoles

Page 20: Cell Theory and Structure. Discovery of the Cell Scientists did not start using simple compound microscopes until the mid 1600’s. Robert Hooke used an.

Some organelles have their own DNA….•Only two organelles have their own DNA –

mitochondria and chloroplasts.•Endosymbiotic Theory – suggests that

mitochondria and chloroplasts are the decendents of ancient prokaryotes that developed symbiotic relationships with ancient cells.

http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/chloroplasts/images/chloroplastsfigure1.jpg http://en.citizendium.org/images/c/c7/MitochondriaSMALL2.jpg


UNIT 2 MICROSCOPES THE CELL THEORY - … 2 MICROSCOPES AND THE CELL THEORY SB1.a. Explain the role of cell organelles for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including the cell

UNIT 2 MICROSCOPES THE CELL THEORY - … 2 MICROSCOPES AND THE CELL THEORY SB1.a. Explain the role of cell organelles for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including the cell

Scientists, Microscopes, Cell Functions, and Cell Organelles.

Scientists, Microscopes, Cell Functions, and Cell Organelles.

The Cell The basic unit of life. Cell History Cytology- study of cells 1665 English Scientist Robert Hooke Used a microscope to examine cork (plant) Hooke.

The Cell The basic unit of life. Cell History Cytology- study of cells 1665 English Scientist Robert Hooke Used a microscope to examine cork (plant) Hooke.

Microscopes & Cell theory

Microscopes & Cell theory

Cell Jeopardy. $10 Microscopes What is the magnification of a 10X eyepiece and a 40X objective? Who first coined the word “cells?” ANSWER: 400 X Hooke.

Cell Jeopardy. $10 Microscopes What is the magnification of a 10X eyepiece and a 40X objective? Who first coined the word “cells?” ANSWER: 400 X Hooke.

Microscopes provide windows to the world of the cell

Microscopes provide windows to the world of the cell

UNIT 4 CHAPTER 3. Section 1: Cell Size, Microscopes, and The Cell Theory.

UNIT 4 CHAPTER 3. Section 1: Cell Size, Microscopes, and The Cell Theory.

Structure Of The Cell. Cell History Robert Hooke is credited with the discovery of the cell. (1665) Leeuwenhoek: ( About 1700) He developed microscopes.

Structure Of The Cell. Cell History Robert Hooke is credited with the discovery of the cell. (1665) Leeuwenhoek: ( About 1700) He developed microscopes.

CELLS: The Building Blocks of Life. History of the Cell Robert Hooke is a scientist from England. He experimented with clocks, telescopes and microscopes.

CELLS: The Building Blocks of Life. History of the Cell Robert Hooke is a scientist from England. He experimented with clocks, telescopes and microscopes.

Cell – the basic unit of life Major ScientistsContribution to the study of Cells Robert Hooke CELLS Used early compound microscopes to look at cork: called.

Cell – the basic unit of life Major ScientistsContribution to the study of Cells Robert Hooke CELLS Used early compound microscopes to look at cork: called.

Microscopes Your ticket to a tiny world!. History of Microscopes –Robert Hooke wasnt the first to make a microscope, but he was one of the firsts to use.

Microscopes Your ticket to a tiny world!. History of Microscopes –Robert Hooke wasnt the first to make a microscope, but he was one of the firsts to use.

Today’s Lecture Summary: Microscopes A Tour of the Cell.

Today’s Lecture Summary: Microscopes A Tour of the Cell.

Chapter 4: Cell Structure and Function. Microscopes.

Chapter 4: Cell Structure and Function. Microscopes.

CELLS! CELLS! CELLS! · 2015-01-23 · Cell Discovery! Most cells are so small that they must be seen with a microscope. In the 1660’s Robert Hooke began using microscopes to look

CELLS! CELLS! CELLS! · 2015-01-23 · Cell Discovery! Most cells are so small that they must be seen with a microscope. In the 1660’s Robert Hooke began using microscopes to look

Unit 4: Microscopes, Structure and Function of Cells Microscopes -The Cell Theory HONORS BIOLOGY Monkemeier 2014.

Unit 4: Microscopes, Structure and Function of Cells Microscopes -The Cell Theory HONORS BIOLOGY Monkemeier 2014.

Microscopes reveal the world of the cell 3 Ch 4-Slides.pdf · Microscopes reveal the world of the cell. Electron microscopes (EM) SEM TEM. Most cells are microscopic. Prokaryotic

Microscopes reveal the world of the cell 3 Ch 4-Slides.pdf · Microscopes reveal the world of the cell. Electron microscopes (EM) SEM TEM. Most cells are microscopic. Prokaryotic

Microscopes, Osmosis, & Cell Parts

Microscopes, Osmosis, & Cell Parts

Cells. Early Microscopes Robert Hooke – Looked at cork – Started calling the basic building block of life “cell”s Anton vanLeeuwenhoek – Looked at living.

Cells. Early Microscopes Robert Hooke – Looked at cork – Started calling the basic building block of life “cell”s Anton vanLeeuwenhoek – Looked at living.

Microscopes The invention of the microscope in the 17 th century led to the discovery of the cell. Robert Hooke described cells using this light microscope.

Microscopes The invention of the microscope in the 17 th century led to the discovery of the cell. Robert Hooke described cells using this light microscope.

T HE C ELL Chapter 6. H ISTORY OF C YTOLOGY Initial microscopes Robert Hooke Origin of term cell Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek First to visualize living cells.

T HE C ELL Chapter 6. H ISTORY OF C YTOLOGY Initial microscopes Robert Hooke Origin of term cell Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek First to visualize living cells.