Cell Structure & Function

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Cell Structure & Function http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html

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Cell Structure & Function. http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html. Cell Theory. All living things are made up of cells. Cells are the smallest working units of all living things. All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division. Contributing scientists - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of Cell Structure & Function

Page 1: Cell Structure  & Function

Cell Structure & Function

http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html

Page 2: Cell Structure  & Function

Cell Theory

• All living things are made up of cells.

• Cells are the smallest working units of all living things.

• All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.

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• Contributing scientists

• – Anton von Leeuwenhoek: Invented the

• microscope and observed tiny living things

• in water

• – Robert Hooke: Coined the term “cell” after

Page 4: Cell Structure  & Function

• Review of Cell Theory

• – : Coined the term “cell” after

• observing that cork consisted of tiny

• chambers

• – Francesco Redi: Proved that living things

• cannot be produced from non-living matter

• – Louis Pasteur: Discovered that cells come

• only from other living cells

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Definition of Cell

A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life

functions.

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Examples of Cells

Amoeba Proteus

Plant Stem

Red Blood Cell

Nerve Cell

Bacteria

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Two Types of Cells

•Prokaryotic

•Eukaryotic

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Prokaryotic

• Do not have structures surrounded by membranes

• Few internal structures

• One-celled organisms, Bacteria

http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html

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Eukaryotic• Contain organelles surrounded by membranes• Most living organisms

Plant Animal

http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html

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“Typical” Animal Cell

http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif

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http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif

“Typical” Plant Cell

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Cell Parts

Organelles

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Surrounding the Cell

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Cell Membrane

• Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell

• Double layer

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

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Cell Wall

• Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria

• Supports & protects cells

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

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Inside the Cell

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Nucleus

• Directs cell activities

• Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane

• Contains genetic material - DNA

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Nuclear Membrane

• Surrounds nucleus• Made of two layers• Openings allow

material to enter and leave nucleus

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

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Chromosomes

• In nucleus• Made of DNA• Contain instructions

for traits & characteristics

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

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Nucleolus

• Inside nucleus• Contains RNA to build

proteins

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

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Cytoplasm

• Gel-like mixture

• Surrounded by cell membrane

• Contains hereditary material

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Endoplasmic Reticulum• Moves materials around

in cell• Smooth type: lacks

ribosomes• Rough type (pictured):

ribosomes embedded in surface

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

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Ribosomes

• Each cell contains thousands

• Make proteins• Found on

Endoplasmic Reticulum & float throughout the cell

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

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Mitochondria

• Produces energy through chemical reactions – breaking down fats & carbohydrates

• Controls level of water and other materials in cell

• Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

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Golgi Bodies

• Protein 'packaging plant'

• Move materials within the cell

• Move materials out of the cell

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

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Lysosome• Digestive 'plant' for

proteins, fats, and carbohydrates

• Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal

• Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

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Vacuoles

• Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal

• Contains water solution

• Help plants maintain shape

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

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Chloroplast

• Usually found in plant cells

• Contains green chlorophyll

• Where photosynthesis takes place

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html