Cell Structure & Function
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Transcript of Cell Structure & Function
Cell Structure & Function
http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html
Definition of Cell
A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life
functions.
Examples of Cells
Amoeba
Plant Cell
Red Blood Cell
Nerve Cell
Organelles
• Organelles are the parts of the cell that perform different functions.
• There are 11 main organelles (9 for animal cells)
“Typical” Animal Cell
http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif
http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif
“Typical” Plant Cell
Cell Parts
Organelles
Surrounding the Cell
Cell Wall• Gives shape and support
to cell• Plants and protists, like
algae, have cell walls• Fungi, like yeasts and
mushrooms, also have cell walls
• Bacteria and Archae also have cell walls, but they are different from plant and fungi
• Animal cells DO NOT have cell walls
Cell Membrane
• “Gatekeeper” of the cell that controls what can come in or out of the cell
• Semi-permeable
Inside the Cell
Nucleus • Controls the cell’s
activities
• It’s like the “boss” or the “brains” of the cell
• DNA is found inside the nucleus
Nuclear Membrane
• The “gatekeeper” of the nucleus
• Protects the outside of the nucleus
• Controls what can go in or out of the nucleus
Chromosomes
• Long pieces of DNA inside the nucleus
• Come in pairs-one from your mom and one from your dad
• Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, 46 total chromosomes
Cytoplasm
• Soupy, Jell-O like substance that holds all organelles inside the cell in place
Ribosomes
• Each cell contains thousands
• Make proteins for the cell
Mitochondria
• Makes energy (ATP) by breaking down fats and carbohydrates
• Controls level of water and other materials in cell
• If your mitochondria wasn’t working properly, you wouldn’t be making enough energy and may feel very tired!!
Lysosomes
• Digest proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
• Clean up cell’s waste by sending them to the cell membrane for disposal
Vacuoles• Storage centers for
both plant and animal cells
• Much larger in plant cells because of the storage of water
• Gives plant cells shape (along with cell wall)
Chloroplast
• ONLY found in plant cells
• Contains chlorophyll, which is where plants get their green pigment
• Where photosynthesis takes place
Match That Part!• Cell Membrane• Cell Wall• Chloroplasts• Mitochondria• Ribosomes• Lysosomes• Vacuole• Chromosomes• Nucleus• Nuclear Membrane• Cytoplasm
• Controls what goes in/out of nucleus
• Controls cell activities• Creates proteins for cell• Contains/long pieces of DNA• Gives the cell shape and
support• Controls what goes in/out of
cell• Contains chlorophyll for
photosynthesis• Storage of food and water• Gobbles up the waste• Jell-O like substance that
holds parts in place• Produces energy for the cell
How to Write an Analogy
• An analogy is a comparison between two seemingly unlike things, using the words like or as and giving an explanation.
• For example:-The nucleus is to a cell as Mrs. Opferman is to Webb Bridge Middle School
• Now you practice will cell parts!– The nucleus is to a cell as _______is to a
________________.
Animal
Both
Plant