Cell structure function 2.2(k)

Ch. 2.2:Cell Structure

& Function

http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html

Focus Questions

1. What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

2. What are the major cell parts/organelles and their functions? (see table)

1. What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Prokaryotic Cells

• Do not have structures surrounded by membranes

• DNA is not surrounded by a membrane (no nucleus)

• Single-celled organisms only (Bacteria)

http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html

Eukaryotic Cells• Contain organelles surrounded by membranes• DNA is surrounded by a membrane (nucleus)• Includes all multicellular organisms

Plant Animal

http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html

“Typical” Animal Cell

http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif

http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif

“Typical” Plant Cell

2. What are the major cell parts/organelles and their functions?

(see table)

Surrounding the Cell

Cell Membrane

• Protects the inside of a cell from the outside environment

• Controls movement of materials in and out of the cell

• Found in all cells types

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Cell Wall• Stiff structure outside

of cell membrane that supports & protects cells

• Found in prokaryotes & plant cells only


ONE OF THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS IS THAT PLANT CELLS

HAVE:

A. B. C. D. E.

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A. CHROMOSOMES

B. GENES

C. CELL WALLS

D. NUCLEI

E. VACUOLES

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The cells in your body have cell walls.

A. B.

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A. True

B. FalseNon-Response Non-Response

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Inside the Cell

Organelle

• Structures within a cell that have specialized functions

• Most are surrounded by a membrane

Nucleus

• Directs cell activities

• Contains genetic info stored in DNA

• Found only in eukaryotic cells (plant & animal cells)

DNA • Stores genetic

information• Located in the

nucleus only in eukaryotes (plant & animal cells)

• Prokaryotes – floats around in cytoplasm

THE GENETIC INFORMATION FOR AN ORGANISM IS FOUND IN THIS ORGANELLE.

A. B. C. D. E.

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A. NUCLEAR MEMBRANES

B. NUCLEUS

C. VACUOLE

D. MITOCHONDRIA

E. CHLOROPLAST Non-Response Non-Response GridGrid

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Cytoplasm• A gel-like substance inside of a cell that

contains water, salt & other molecules

• Contains a cell’s cytoskeleton

• Found in all cell types

Cytoskeleton• Network of threadlike proteins that are joined

together

• Provides a framework that gives a cell its shape & helps it move

• Found in all cells

A JELLYLIKE MATERIAL THAT HOLDS THE ORGANELLES IN PLACE IS CALLED THE:

A. B. C. D. E.

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A. CRYOGENICS

B. CYTOPLASM

C. CYTOSKELETON

D. ORGANELLE GEL

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Endoplasmic Reticulum• Rough ER: produces

proteins• Smooth ER: makes

lipids & removes harmful substances from a cell

• Found in plant & animal cells


Ribosomes

• Each cell contains thousands (no membrane)

• Make proteins

• Found on Rough ER & floating throughout the cell

• Found in all cell types


Mitochondria

• Produces energy through chemical reactions – breaking down fats & carbohydrates

• Stores energy in ATP• Found in plant & animal

cells


Golgi Apparatus• Prepares proteins for

specific jobs & packages them into vesicles

• Protein “packaging” center



Lysosome• Contains enzymes

that break down & recycle cell components

• Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes



http://www.bothbrainsandbeauty.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/lysosomes.jpg

Which organelle produces energy and stores it as ATP?

A. B. C. D. E.

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A. Endoplasmic Reticulum

B. Golgi Apparatus

C. Mitochondria

D. Nucleus

E. RibosomeNon-Response Non-Response

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Vacuoles

• Store food, water, & waste material

• Contains water solution

• Help plants maintain shape

• Found in plant & animal cells (one large one in plant cells)


WHICH ORGANELLE IS THE POWERHOUSE OF THE ANIMAL

CELL?

A. B. C. D. E.

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A. VACUOLE

B. NUCLEUS

C. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

D. MITOCHONDRIA

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Chloroplast

• Contains green chlorophyll

• Use light energy to make food (sugar) from water & CO2 through photosynthesis

• Found in plant cells


Photosynthesis takes place in the…

A. B. C. D.

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A. Mitochondria

B. Nucleus

C. Chloroplast

D. Endoplasmic Reticulum


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THE HEREDITARY INFORMATION, DNA, IS FOUND IN WHICH PART?

A. B. C. D. E.

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A. PROTOPLASM

B. CYTOPLASM

C. VACUOLE

D. NUCLEUS

E. FLAGELLA Non-Response Non-Response GridGrid

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Frogs are green because they have chloroplasts.

A. B.

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A. True

B. False


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Which is NOT part of the cell theory?

A. B. C. D.

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A. All cells come from preexisting cells

B. All cells contain a nucleus

C. All living things have cells

D. Cells are the smallest unit of life


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Which 2 macromolecules store energy?

A. B. C. D.

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A. Carbohydrates & Proteins

B. Lipids & Proteins

C. Nucleic Acids & Lipids

D. Lipids & Carbohydrates


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Which of these refers to changes in an organism’s environment?

a) b) c) d)

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a) External stimuli

b) Homeostasis

c) Internal stimuli

d) Development


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Homeostasis refers to an organism’s ability to maintain what kind of conditions?

a) b) c) d)

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a) External

b) Internal

c) Cellular

d) Environmental


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Which characteristic of life does this example refer to:

a tadpole changing into a froga tadpole changing into a frog?

a) b) c) d)

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a) Growth & development

b) Organization

c) Reproduction

d) Homeostasis


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a bacterium dividing into 2 bacteriaa bacterium dividing into 2 bacteria?

a) b) c) d)

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b) Organization

c) Reproduction

d) Energy


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eating because you feel hungryeating because you feel hungry?

a) b) c) d)

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a) Response to stimuli

b) Organization

c) Reproduction

d) Homeostasis


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your body temperature staying the sameyour body temperature staying the same?

a) b) c) d)

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a) Energy

b) Response to stimuli

c) Reproduction

d) Homeostasis


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what you need for doing all activitieswhat you need for doing all activities?

a) b) c) d)

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b) Energy

c) Reproduction

d) Homeostasis


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groups of cells working togethergroups of cells working together?

a) b) c) d)

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b) Organization

c) Response to stimuli

d) Homeostasis


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What term refers to things that have all the characteristics of life?

a) b) c) d)

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a) cells

b) unicellular organisms

c) organisms

d) multicellular organisms


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Cell structure function 2.2(k)

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