Cell Structure and Function: Plants and Animals ALL LIVING THINGS ARE EITHER: 1.Prokaryotic 2.Eukaryotic NO NUCLEUS HAS cell membrane and dna BACTERIA NUCLEUS HaS cell membrane and dna Way more advanced Organelles Plants, animal, fungi, protists PROKARYOTES VS EUKARYOTES Prokaryotes (bacteria) Have DNA, but no nucleus No organelles either EUKARYOTES Advanced and organized (like a factory) Organelles, like, do stuff and stuff Each one has a job that help the cell function and respond to its environment EUKARYOTES: Animal and Plant Cells Living cells, with cell membranes, cytoplasm, nuclei (DNA), and organelles ANIMAL PLANT ANIMALPLANT Tons of MITOCHONDRIA Small Vacuoles No Chloroplasts No Cell Wall RESPIRATION always Less mitochondria One massive VACUOLE Chloroplasts Cell Wall PHOTOSYNTHESIS (mostly, some respiration) ANIMAL CELL NO CELL WALL SMALL VACUOLES MANY MITOCHONDRIA NO CHLOROPLASTS ONLY RESPIRATION PLANT CELL CELL WALL ONE HUGE VACUOLE FEWER MITOCHONDRIA CHLOROPLASTS Photosynthesis (mostly) RESPIRATION SOMETIMES PARTS OF THE CELL Whos the boss? Contains cells DNA Chromosomes (thread like, contains genetic information) The nucleus acts like the brain. NUCLEUS Cytoplasm If the cell was chicken noodle soup, the cytoplasm would be the broth. Inside the cell membrane Surrounds everything Gooey kinda Cell Membrane Holds the cell together Regulates what goes in and out (its selective) Like hall monitors or a bouncer at a club, they decide who goes in and who comes out Who makes proteins? Put the rough in Rough ER Synthesize Proteins Cells responsible for protein synthesis are packed with ribosomes Take orders from the boss (nucleus) RIBOSOMES Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth ER (no ribosomes) Rough ER (ribosomes) Rough ER:The proteins are assembled before they are shipped out of the cell. Smooth ER: Assembles other things, like lipids or enzymes Who functions like the post office? Modifies, packages, and sorts stuff from the endoplasmic reticulum Golgi Apparatus Who stores things like your locker at school? Storage units for things like water, salts, proteins, and carbs Plants have one big one Its size and pressure support big heavy leaves. VACUOLES All cells need a source of energy Plants get it from The Sun (photosynthesis) Animals get it from Food molecules (cellular respiration) Who makes animal energy? Mighty Break down and convert the food into energy for the cell Are present in plant cells too, but not in high numbers MITOCHONDRIA Capture energy from the sun Convert it to chemical energy Photosynthesis CHLOROPLASTS Who makes plant energy? Organize cell division CENTRIOLES The End Eukaryote