Cell Structure and Function

• Objective: to be able to identify cell organelles and their functions

• Warm up: how does cell structure relate to cell function? How can this relationship be seen between different organisms?

Hint: Smooth muscle cell of a human Smooth Muscle cell of a cow

• Cell Structure determines cell function

• Cells that have similar functions in different organisms tend to have similar structures

ANSWER

What is a Cell?

• Cells are defined as the smallest working unit of living things

Cell of a corn plant

Cell Theory1. All living things are made of cells

2. Cells are the smallest working units of living things

3. All cells come from pre-existing cells by cell division

Types of cells

• Eukaryote- has membrane bound organelles and nucleus

Example (humans)

• Prokaryote- do not have a nucleus

Example (bacteria)

“The Staph”: MRSA Bacteria

Organelles

• Specialized structures that perform specific functions within eukaryotic cells

• Means “ tiny organs”

Types of Organelles

• The Nucleus- the control center of the cell

Contains:

Nucleolus- dark spot in the center of the nucleus makes ribosomes

Chromosomes-

DNA and genetic information

Cell Membrane

• Regulates movement of materials in and out of the cell

• Semi-permeable- some things are allowed in and out some are not

• “The gate keeper”

• Helps maintain cell

shape

• Made of lipids

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

• Transportation network carries, vesicles to be secreted

• 2 types• Rough ER- has ribosomes,• makes proteins• Smooth ER- Synthesizes lipids, no ribosomes

Ribosomes

• Made of RNA and Protein

• The “Protein factories” of the cell, linking together amino acids

Golgi Apparatus

• Stack of membranes

• Modifies, packages and sorts proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum

Lysosomes

• Found only in animalanimal cells

• Filled with enzymes that breakdown certain materials in the cell

Example: Old worn out organelles

Vacuoles

• Transports and stores nutrients, waste and water

• Small -in animal cells

• Large – in plant cells

Contractile Vacuole

• Remove excess water from the cell by “squeezing” it out

• Found in Paramecium

Mitochondria

• “The Powerhouse of the cell”

• Makes energy for the cell

Chloroplast

• Contains Chlorophyll (green color)

• Makes food for plants

• Found only in plants and algae

Cell Wall

• Found in plants, bacteria, and fungi

• Protective outer covering that helps give plants their structure

• Made of cellulose

Date: 11/14/07

Objective: to be able to identify cell organelles and their functions

Warm up:

• How is the cell membrane like a “gate keeper”?

• How does the cell membrane’s function contribute to Homeostasis?

Agenda: -Finish power point notes

-Prep for Friday in class project

• The cell membrane is Semi-permeable only allowing certain things in and out.

• The cell membrane contributes to Homeostasis because it regulates what enters and exits the cell allowing it to maintain a balanced state.

Cytoplasm

• Jelly like material inside cell membrane

• Where chemical reactions take place in the cell

Cytoskeleton

• Made of microtubules and microfilaments

• Helps the cell maintain its shape

• Involved in forms of cell movement

Centrioles

• Aid in animal cell division

Cilia and Flagella

• Aid in movement

Cilia

Flagellum

Flagella- Longer, less numerousprojections from the plasma membrane.• Move with a “whip-like” action.

• Cilia animation

Cilia- Short, numerous, hair-like projections from the plasma membrane.

•Move with a beating action.

Summarizer

• Name the numbered organelles 1-8

2 1

3

8

7

4

5

6