CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION LO: Be able to describe the differences between prokaryotic and...
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Transcript of CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION LO: Be able to describe the differences between prokaryotic and...
CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONFUNCTION
LO: Be able to describe the LO: Be able to describe the differences between prokaryotic differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ultra structureand eukaryotic ultra structure
The Cell• The cell is the smallest unit of life
that can carry out life processes.
Section 2 Introduction to CellsChapter 4
Cellular Organization
Prokaryotic Cell• Prokaryotic-
cells that do not have a nucleus and internal membrane-bound structures– Most unicellular
organisms are prokaryotes.
– Bacteria
Eukaryotic Cell• Eukaryotic-Cells
that do have a nucleus and internal membrane-bound structures.– Most multicellular
organisms are eukaryotes.
– Yeast and algae (unicellular, eukaryotes)
– Plant and animal
• Cytoplasm – Gel like material that protects, supports and suspends organelles.
Features Common to Cells:
All cells have either DNA or RNA or both.
Features Common to Cells:
• Cell membrane – Semi-permeable allows some materials in and keeps others out. This helps to maintain cellular homeostasis.
Chapter 4Parts of the Cell
Nucleus• “Command center”• Surrounded by a
nuclear envelope• Contains genetic
material: – chromatin– chromosomes
• Nucleolus-makes ribosomes– Ribosomes-site
where proteins are made
• Can be found floating in the cytoplasm or attached to endoplasmic reticulum
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
• Series of folded membranes allow a large amount of work to be done in a small amount of space
• Transportation unit for the cell
• Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)– Ribosomes attached– Protein synthesis
• Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)– Produce and
store lipids
Golgi ApparatusVesicles
• Flattened tubular membranes
• Packaging plant• Modify, sort,
package, and transport proteins throughout the cell
VACUOLES• Storage sacs
Temporary storage of materials– Store food,
enzymes, waste
• Plant cells have one large vacuole.
• Animal cells have many small vesicles.
LYSOSOMES• Contain digestive
enzymes• Digest excess or
worn organelles, food particles, viruses, and bacteria
• Surrounded by membrane that prevents it from destroying the cell
• Can burst causing cell death
Chapter 4Mitochondria• Cellular respiration -converts food
into energy• Cell “Powerhouse”• Number of mitochondria depends upon the
function of the cell– Ex: muscles cells have more mitochondria than
fat cells
Centriole
• Help with cell reproduction
• Only found in animal cells
Plastids – Color pigments of cells
• Examples:– Chloroplast – Located in plant cells, some
bacteria, and protists.• Capture light energy to produce and store food• Contain chlorophyll-green pigment that traps
light energy
• Cytoskeleton – tiny fibers that give structure and support to the cell.– Microfilament- thin
and tubular…support the cell membrane.
– Microtubule- thick and tubular also branched. Act as “rails” on which materials move through the cell.
Features Common to Cells:
Cilia and Flagella• Aid in movement
and feeding• Composed of
microtubules• Cilia-short,
numerous hair-like projections that move in a wavelike motion
• Flagella-long, whip-like projections
Cell wall• Rigid outer
covering PLANT CELLS
• Located outside the cell membrane
• Provides support and protection
• Helps produce turgor pressure
•
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Plant cell vs. Animal Cell
Plant vs Animal cells• Animal Cell vs. Plant cell
– Animal Cell • DO contain centrioles. • DO NOT contain a cell wall or plastids.
– Plant Cell • DO contain a cell wall, plastids, and a
large central vacuole.
• DO NOT contain centrioles