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Function

Cellular Organelles

Cell Structure

Cells

Cells

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Functions of Cells

C ell F u n c t ion

R e leas in g en e rg y from food .

M ak in g n ew ce lls fo r g row th an d rep a ir.

G ettin g rid o f b od y w as tes .

C e ll work tog e th e r to p e rfo rm b as ic life p rocesses th a t keep org an ism s a live .

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A cell is a basic unit of structure and function of life. Cells make up living things and carry out activities that keep a living thing alive.

Your body is made up of specialized cells which carry out the processes needed for life

What are cells?

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Genetic material◦Contains the material for life

(DNA)

Cytoplasm fills cell interior – Liquid◦Contains organelles sugars,

amino acids

Plasma (cell) membrane encloses the cell – It is like the cells skin

Main Cell Components

Animal Cell

Plant Cell

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Cytoplasm Not an organelle, suspends the organelles

Cell Membrane Nucleus Mitochondria Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Golgi Bodies Vacuoles

Structures common to plant and animal cells(Organelles – Small Organs)

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Gel-like substance which holds all the cell components together

Made mostly of water Place where many chemical reactions occur

Cytoplasm

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The flexible double-layered “skin” of the cell Just like our skin holds us together, the cell

membrane holds the cell and its components together

It also allows the movement of substances into and out of the cell

Cell Membrane

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Controls the cell – akin to our brains controlling us

Holds the genetic material (DNA) which is stored on Chromosomes

Directs activities of the cell Usually one per cell, some cells have several

(muscle) while other have none (Red Blood Cell) Spherical in shape

Nucleus – The Brain

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DNA of eukaryotes is divided into linear chromosomes. ◦Contains all the information needed for

life (genes)◦We have 23 pairs = 46 Total, half from

mom and half from dad

Chromosomes

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Mitochondria• "Powerhouse of the cell" – Uses Glucose to provide cells

with energy (Cellular Respiration)

Glucose + Oxygen Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy• Cells that use a lot of energy have more• Structure - outer and inner membranes

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◦ Network of transportation tubes which transport cellular substances around the cell (akin to a subway network transporting people from place to place)

◦ Location where some proteins are made

Endoplasmic Reticulum

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◦Collect and process materials to be removed from the cell

◦Create and secrete mucus which is used as lining for the intestine and stomach

Golgi Bodies

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Large vacuoles are found in plants while animals have small vacuoles

Contain unwanted substances for removal Maintaining internal pressures (Plant)

Vacuoles

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Chloroplasts

Central vacuole

Cell wall

Plant Cells ONLY!

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Chloroplasts• Chloroplasts are larger and more complex than

mitochondria• Contain chlorophyll which gives plants their green colour

and also allows them to absorb light to be used to create sugar in the process of photosynthesis

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Performed in the Chloroplasts of plant cellsCarbon Dioxide + Water + Light Energy Glucose (Sugar) + Oxygen

Photosynthesis

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All energy starts with plants?

Plants make energy through photosynthesis?

Sugar is energy?

True or False?

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Within plant cells, photosynthesis takes place to produce glucose (sugar)

The sugar is then used within the mitochondria (cellular respiration) of both plants and animals

How do the animals obtain the glucose?

Chloroplasts and Mitochondria

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It’s a Cycle!!

The products of photosynthesisare the reactants of cellular respiration

The products of cellular respiration are Are the reactants of photosynthesis

YOU CAN’T HAVE ONE WITHOUT THE OTHER!!

Cellular RespirationGlucose + Oxygen Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy

Carbon Dioxide + Water + Light Energy Glucose (Sugar) + OxygenPhotosynthesis

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All energy starts with plants?

Plants make energy through photosynthesis?

Sugar is energy?

True or False Answers?

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Plant cells usually have one large vacuole Maintains the cells pressure keeps the

plants stems and leaves firm Can be used for storage of wastes to

be removed

Vacuole

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Found just outside the cell membrane in plant cells

Hard structure made of cellulose (a kind of sugar)

Provide support and protection

Cell Wall

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Eucaryotic Cell Interactive Animation